GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

KARL FISHER TITRATOR

AIM: To determine the moisture content of a sample.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
Control Side: Titration Side:

1. Burette 1. Magnetic Stirrer

2. Solenoid Valve 2. Electrode

1. Switch on the instrument using switch provided on rear left

side. Green LED will glow.
2. Fix KFR bottle by screwing on the plastic cap, operate below, holding vertically and
closing the “T” joint connection tube. Air pressure in KFR bottle increases and lifts
KFR to fill burette, when level crosses ‘0’ mark remove finger.
3. Place magnetic stirring paddle slowly by sliding in to the reaction vessel and fix the
burette by lifting the burette by lifting the burette assembly.
4. Pour about 20ml of methanol into the reaction vessel and connect jack wire to
reaction vessel and electrode terminals marked ‘e’ rear side on the instrument.
5. Switch on stirrer, set required speed by using regulator, wait for 10 to 15seconds for
uniform stirring. Add KFR in drops into reaction vessel by operating burette valve.
Until pre-end point. Yellow LED glows ‘P’ is nearing end point indication.
6. Now add KFR in drops slowly giving 10-20 seconds between additions until
Red LED ‘E’ glows continuously for 30seconds. It indicates the end point of the
titration. (Neutralisation of methanol).
7. Fill the burette, weigh a 1ml syringe with needle with a small quantity of Distilled
water and add 25-100mg into the reaction vessel and close the stopper. Start
magnetic stirrer; titrate up to end point (i.e. RED LED glows for 30secs.).
8. Weigh the sample in the plastic spoon add to the reaction vessel, fill the burette and
start the stirrer, wait until samples dissolves.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. After completion drain out the KFR and wash the reaction vessel using methanol.
2. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
4. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

POLARIMETER

AIM: To determine the optical rotation of a compound.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Sodium Vapour lamp
2. Transformer
3. Polarimeter Tube
4. Polarimeter

WORKING
1. Switch on the instrument and let the sodium lamp
illuminate to its maximum brightness.
2. Set the alignment of the sodium lamp compartment to the optical bench, D. Ensure
that all the settings are done in the zero-zero position.
3. Open the polarimeter tube compartment and place the polarimeter tube, which is
filled with sample in such a way as to avoid air bubbles
4. Specific attention should be paid to temperature control of the solution and of the
polarimeter.
5. Observations are done by observing through telescope when the half dark and half-
light portions of a circle are in equilibrium.
6. It’s half dark and half-light portion is matched with a knob by rotating it in clockwise
or 2 anti-clockwise directions. It is also defined as dextro (+) or levo (-) rotatory
respectively.
7. Note the observation readings and also perform a blank determination in the similar
manner.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Ensure that all the parts including optical lens, telescope lens and polarimeter tube
are clean and free from dust.
2. Polarimeter tube should be filled so as to avoid any air bubbles.
3. Clean the instrument and keep under cover after use.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

REFRACTOMETER

AIM: To determine the refractive index of a

given sample.
PARTS DESCRIPTION

1. Prism
2. Lens
3. Mirror
WORKING
1. Open the prism lock and place few
drops of liquid testing sample at the temperature specified
2. Allow the liquid to smear on the lower prism surface quickly close the prism
lock. Adjust the eye piece cross wire with a knob by rotating it in a clockwise or
anti-clockwise.
3. Clockwise direction so that the sharp demarcation line passes through its centre.
4. Sharp demarcation is produced in the form of a circle having half-light & half
dark Portion.
5. Fine adjustment can be done by a knob provided just above the prism.
6. Note down the reading from the scale with the help of the magnified lens of the
Instrument.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Ensure that the instrument is free from dust.
2. Ensure that all the parts including eyepiece., prisms and mirror are clean before
operation
3. Place the instrument on a table where adequate light can be reflected through the
mirror
4. Cover the instrument after use.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TABLET DISINTEGRATION APPARATUS

AIM: To determine the disintegration time of solid oral dosage forms.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Cabinet (metal body) with a small hot plate (at the top of
the cabinet)
2. Front panel (bearing on/off button, push button,
temperature control knob, indicators)
3. Motor shaft (to hold tablet basket)
4. Circular tablet basket with six tubes arrangement (to hold
six tablets at a time)
5. Stoppers (porous and made up of plastic moulded
materials)

WORKING
1. Connect the main cord to the supply
and switch on the instrument
2. Hot plate starts heating when switched on. The heating temperature can be
controlled (normally at 37°C) with temperature control knob
3. Place a water filled glass beaker on the hot plate and wait for water to attain adjusted
temperature
4. Fit tablet basket to the motor shaft and put the tablets into the tubes
5. Put stoppers into the tubes to restrict the tablets within the tubes
6. Press the push button to start up & down motion of the shaft carrying the tablet basket
(Basket starts oscillating in and out of the beaker)

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly and motor is
producing oscillations
4. Avoid operating with wet hands
5. Avoid water spillage on the instrument to eliminate short circuiting
6. Do not stop the basket when the motor is on
7. Switch on the instrument at least 30 minutes before performing the experiments
8. Use thermometer to set the temperature accurately

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

FRIABILITY TEST APPARATUS

AIM: To evaluate the ability of the tablets to withstand abrasion in packing, handling and
transporting.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Tumbling chamber (made up of plastic)
2. Front panel (bearing on/off button, timer and
indicators)
WORKING
1. Unscrew the knob from the axle & remove the cover
of tumbling chamber
2. Weigh the tablets to be tested and load them into the
chamber
3. Place the cover with the round knob to lock the
tumbling chamber to the axle
4. Select the time period of rotation from the timer
(normally for four minutes or 100 revolutions)
5. Connect the main cord to the supply and switch on the instrument
6. The chamber starts rotating and stops after the time selected at the timer
(during each revolution the tablets fall from a distance of six inches to undergo shock)
7. When rotation stops, remove the cover and take out the tablets
8. Weigh the tablets and measure the loss in weight that indicates “friability”

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Avoid operating with wet hands
4. Do not stop the tumbling chamber when the motor is on
5. Avoid any voltage fluctuations for longer life of the instrument

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

BALL MILL

AIM: To grind materials like ores, chemicals, ceramic

raw materials, paints etc.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Cabinet (metal body) with a front panel (bearing on/off
button, speed regulator and indicator)
2. A cylindrical capped container attached to cabinet
through a horizontal motor shaft
3. Grinding medium (stainless steel balls) to be filled
inside the container.

WORKING
1. Unscrew the container holder and remove the cap of
cylindrical container
2. Fill the cylindrical container with the material to be ground plus the grinding medium
3. Place the cap and screw back
4. Connect the main cord to the supply and switch on the instrument
5. The cylindrical capped container starts rotating on their axis
6. Adjust the speed of rotation using speed regulator
7. An internal cascading effect between balls is produced that reduces the material to a fine
powder
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. The speed of rotation should be kept equal to or below critical speed (speed after which the
steel balls start rotating along the direction of the cylindrical device causing no grinding)
2. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
4. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

CAPSULE FILLING MACHINE

AIM: To fill the capsule ingredient within hard gelatine capsules.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. A bed and a capsule loading tray with 100 holes
2. A powder tray
3. A pin plate having 100 pins corresponding to the
number of holes in the bed and capsule loading
tray
4. A lever & a handle
5. A plate fitted with rubber top
WORKING
1. Fill empty capsule into the loading tray and place it
over the bed
2. Lock the body of capsules using handle and remove the
separated caps in the loading tray itself using lever
3. Accurately weigh the amount of drug to be filled in the capsules and place it in powder tray
kept over the bed.
4. Spread the powder using powder spreader to fill the bodies of the capsules uniformly.
5. Collect excess of the powder on the platform of the powder tray
6. Lower the pin plate to press the powder in the bodies
7. Remove the powder tray and place the caps holding tray in position
8. Press the caps using plate fitted with rubber top
9. Use lever to unlock the filled capsules in the tray
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Lubricate all the contact parts periodically to avoid rusting
4. Keep your fingers away from the punch when the machine is in use

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TABLET COATING/POLISHING PAN

AIM: To coat the tablets with desired coating solution or to

polish them.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. A spherical coating pan (made up of stainless steel) or a
polishing pan (consists of canvas drum) attached to a
motor.
2. A motor housed in a heavy metal enclosure to avoid
vibration during operation.
3. A front panel (bearing on/off button and other controls of
the instrument).
4. Air blowers fitted to pans to force hot or cold air to
facilitate drying.

WORKING
1. Place the tablets to be coated in the coating pan “OR”
tablets to be polished in the polishing pan
2. Connect the main cord to the supply and switch
on the instrument
3. Spray the coating solution over the tablet bed while the coating pan is kept rotating
4. After completion of spraying, allow the tablet bed to dry using hot air blower
5. Remove the tablets from the chamber after proper drying
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Avoid operating the machine with wet hands
4. Do not stop the pan when the motor is on. This may damage the machine

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TABLET MAKING MACHINE
[HAND OPERATED]

AIM: To make one tablet at each single stroke.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Tablet machine body (A)
2. Hopper (C)
3. Tablet machine’s shoe (D)
4. Heavy wheel (E)
5. Tablet powder pipe (G)
6. Clamps, bolts and screw (B, F, H, I, J)
7. Oil cups (K)
WORKING
1. Fix clamp B in the back side of tablet machine body A with the bolt tight with the spanner.
2. Put the stainless-steel hopper C in clamp B
3. Fix one part of tablet powder pipe G in the hopper and other part in the tablet machine’s
shoe D
4. Put the heavy wheel E, at right side of tablet machine and fix it with the help of clamp
provided
5. Take the desired powder and fill in the hopper and rotate the wheel in clockwise
direction
6. The tablet will come out automatically at the bottom of Tablet machine’s shoe

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use.
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
3. Put the oil (40 no. engine oil) in machine oil cup K time to time to keep the machine
movement smooth and restless.
4. Remove the powder from hopper and shoe after use.
5. Tablet thickness can be adjusted using bolt H and screw I & J.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TABLET DISSOLUTION TEST APPARATUS

AIM: To determine the dissolution rate of the tablets

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Metal body cabinet with front panel (bearing on/off
button, temperature and speed regulator, indicator
etc)
2. A small water bath at the top of the cabinet
3. A cylindrical glass chamber (tablet bath) to hold
dissolution medium
4. Two stirrers, one maintains the homogeneity of the
temperature of the water bath and other carries the
tablet basket
WORKING
1. Fill the water bath with clear and
distilled water
2. Connect the main cord to the
supply and switch on the
instrument
3. The water starts heating. Adjust the temperature using temperature regulator knob
4. Fill the tablet bath with dissolution medium and place it inside the water bath
5. Install the stirrer of the tablet basket along with the tablet inside it
6. Adjust the speed of tablet basket using speed regulator knob
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. For better results, switch on the instrument at least 15 minutes before performing the
experiment
4. Water spillage on the instrument must be avoided so as to eliminate any chances of
short circuiting
5. After completion of study, drain out the water initially from the drain cock and by
inverting the bath when the water stops draining out from the drain cock

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

REFRIGERATOR

AIM: To create and maintain refrigeration temperature.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Thermally insulated compartment
2. A heat pump
3. Insulated freezer filled with Freon gas
4. Compressor at the back side
5. Coil
6. Regulator to adjust the temperature
WORKING
1. Switch on the mains through stabilizer.
2. Set the regulator knob so as to attain a temperature of 8°C.
3. Ensure that indicators are all functioning properly.
4. Record of the day to day monitoring of the temperature is maintained separately in
a log sheet.
5. Temperature should be between 2° to 8°C.
6. Defrost and clean once in fifteen days.
7. While defrosting the stored materials shifted to another refrigerator
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the machine neat and clean
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly
4. Avoid water spillage on the instrument to eliminate short circuiting

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ELECTRIC WATER BATH

AIM: To heat the sample with a temperature up to 100°C through boiling water.
PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Steel made body
2. Thermostat knob to regulate temperature
3. Chamber for heating the water
4. Concentric Rings made of Stainless Steel.
5. Immersion heater
WORKING
1. Ensure that sufficient amount of water is available in the water bath.
2. Ensure that the instrument is properly connected to power supply.
3. Fill the bath to the level little above the falls bottom
4. Switch on the supply. Put the toggle switch On.
5. Set the thermostat knob to the required temperature and rising in the temperature is
indicated by glowing the indicator lamp.
6. When required temperature is reached, the indicator lamp will go OFF.
7. The bath is then allowed to work.
8. After completion of heating process, reduce the temperature to zero, by rotating the
temperature setting knob to zero position. Switch off the power supply and allow the
bath to cool to the desired temperature before the control knob is turned backwards.
This is to eliminate unnecessary strain on the thermostat.
MAINTENANCE & CLEANING
1. Ensure that the power supply to the instrument is switched “off” before cleaning.
2. Clean the instrument with a clean dry cloth every day.
3. Once in a week, remove adhered dust by wet mopping using detergent solution and
afterwards wipe the surface with a clean dry cloth to remove traces of detergent.
4. Precautions have to be taken to clean the instrument immediately with to remove the
moisture.
5. Change the water in the water-bath once in 2 days and use always Demineralized
water.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MUFFLE FURNACE

AIM: To provide a high temperature condition.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Cabinet (metal body) with a front panel (bearing
on/off button and indicator)
2. Double walled door with ceramic wool used as
insulation
3. Heating Element
4. Load and line indicators
5. Energy regulator
6. A temperature regulator
WORKING
1. Ensure that the instrument is connected to the power supply.
2. Switch “ON” the main power supply, glowing of red light at mains indicates the power
supply.
3. Switch on the instrument by ON position which leads to activation of green control bulb
and the temperature controller.
4. Set the required temperature by temperature regulator nob
5. The temperature display shows the actual temperature of furnace and the red light of the
temperature controller glows.
6. When temperature reaches at the setting point, the red light of temperature controller
automatically switched “OFF” and green light will glow. The equipment is now ready
for operation.
7. If any discrepancy observed during operation, inform to maintenance for rectification.
MAINTENANCE & CLEANING
1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
3. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly.
4. Check that the power supply to the instrument is switched “OFF”.
5. Ensure that the Muffle Furnace is not in hot condition or in operation while cleaning.
6. Clean the instrument externally with clean dry cloth.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

VISCOMETER

CALIBRATION OF VISCOMETER

PROCEDURE

1. First set zero point as follows:

a. Loosen the fixing screw

b. Allow the rotor to rotate in air
c. The cover is twisted so that the reference mark on the sight
glass is lined up with the zero point of the scale reading.

2. Cover is secured by tightening the screw

3. Fix the temperature vessel and suitable spindle to the basic instrument
4. The Cup (Stator) is fixed to the instrument and filled with standard liquid paraffin
(whose viscosity is known) paying attention to the filling mark
5. Set the speed stage 4,8,16 and note the resulting scale values
6. Repeat the operation once more.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DOUBLE CONE BLENDER

AIM: To mix the ingredients properly.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Shell
2. Shaft drive
WORKING
1. Place the material which is to be blend in the jar.
2. After placing the material, jar is tightly closed.
3. Put the blender within jar.
4. Speed of blender maintained from the switch at the top.
5. When the material is completely blend, switch off the
blender machine and remove the blended material from the jar
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Clean the jar properly after each use

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

BULK DENSITY APPARATUS

AIM: To determine the bulk density, tapped density.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Measuring Cylinder
2. Motor with Tapping Device
WORKING
1. Weigh 10-15 g of product (to fill half cylinder) and
transfer carefully into the cylinder.
2. Switch on the mains of the equipment.
3. Set the number of strokes to 50.
4. Put on the alarm switch.
5. Put on the mains of motor.
6. After 50 strokes when a beeping sound is heard, put off the mains of the motor.
7. Calculate the bulk density of the blend according to the formula given below:

Bulk Density (g/ml) = ____Weight of Powder(grams)_____

Reading in ml read on the cylinders

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Before adding material in the cylinders ensure that the outer and inner surface of the
cylinders are clean arid dry.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

AMPOULE FILLING & SEALING MACHINE

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Cabinet with flame sprayer
2. Front panel bearing on/off button, speed control knob.
3. A mean is provided for repetitively forcing a
measured volume of liquid through orifice of a
delivery tube.
4. The liquid reservoir is positioned above the
filling line with a hose connection from
reservoir to shut-off device at filling line.
WORKING
1. Place the dip tube in the solution to be filled.
2. Direct the nozzle into the sample.
3. Connect the pump to the electrical supply.
4. Switch on the pump.
5. Adjust the quantity to be filled in the ampoule using the dose adjustment knob.
6. Continue the operation till the fills are complete.
7. Switch off the pump.
8. Open the LPG and the oxygen supply knob.
9. Light-UP and adjust the flame intensity by regulating the flow with the help of valves.
10. Place the ampoule in the ampule holder of apparatus.
11. ROTATE the ampoule slowly and ensure proper sealing.
12. Remove the ampule.
13. Switch off .the gas and oxygen supply.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. The tube must freely enter the neck of container & delivered the liquid deep enough
to permit air to escape.
2. Clean ampoule before filling
3. Before operation precision must be take place for delivery of drug.
4. Keep the machine neat and clean
5. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it
6. Ensure that the gas supply connection is off.
7. Do not excess heat in neck region of glass because expansion of glass may take place.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MONSANTO HARDNESS TESTER

AIM: To measure the hardness of the tablet.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. A barrel containing a compressible spring held between
two plungers.
WORKING
1. Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from any residue of dust or tablet particle.
2. The lower plunger is placed in contact with the tablet, and zero reading is taken. The
tablet must be placed in inclined cantilevered position.
3. The upper plunger is then forced against a spring by turning a threaded bolt until the
tablet fractures.
4. As the spring is compressed, pointer rides along a gauge in the barrel to indicate the
force.
5. The force of fracture is recorded and the zero force reading is deducted from it.
6. The hardness is taken in kg per sq. cm.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Never keep the spring under tension, when not in use
2. If the instrument does not produce required results or its response is poor then it should
be labelled faulty and should be repaired or serviced.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

PFIZER HARDNESS TESTER

AIM: To measure the hardness of the tablet.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Based on plier principle
2. Dial for reading
WORKING
1. Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from any residue
of dust or tablet particle.
2. Hold the tablet between the anvils in edgewise position.
3. Adjust the scale, so that the zero on the scale coincides with the pointer.
4. Handles are squeezed; the tablet is compressed between a holding anvil and a piston
connected to direct force reading gauze.
5. The dial indicator remains at the reading where the tablet breaks and is returned to zero
by depressing a reset button. The pressure indicated on the dial is in kg per sq. cm.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. If the instrument does not produce required results or its response is poor then it should
be labelled faulty” and should be repaired or serviced.
2. Keep the machine neat and clean
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

AUTOCLAVE

AIM: To sterilize anything that can withstand a temperature of 121oC for 30 minutes.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Double walled units.
2. Outer & inner chamber & lid are made up of
stainless steel.
3. Pressure control switch
4. Two indicators, red is called main and green is
called line indicator.
5. Lid is tightened by radial locking system.
6. Pressure release valve and stainless-steel basket.
WORKING
1. Ensure that there is sufficient water inside the
chamber.
2. Load the autoclave and fasten the lid keeping the discharge tap open.
3. Adjust the safety valve to the required temperature and turn the heat on.
4. Set the desired pressure by adjusting the knob on top of the pressure control switch.
5. When the pressure reached the fixed, the bell starts ringing. The element will gets off
disconnected, when the pressure falls down up to 0.5/ the element will starts
automatically
6. After that you can fix the timer and switch off the mains.
7. After the sterilization release the steam from the steam release system.
8. Slowly open the air and steam discharge taps after the pressure gauge has reached
zero.
9. Allow the material to cool before these are handled (usually agar bottles take hours
before these become safe to handle).
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
2. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly.
3. Avoid water spillage on the instrument to eliminate short circuiting.
4. During the sterilization if electricity fails, release valve must be opened to avoid
vacuuming & please lid not be open in the under pressure.
5. Check the water level after every evaporation.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

B.O.D INCUBATOR

AIM: To provide optimum environmental conditions for

tissue/cell cultures.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Metal cabinet
2. Shaker indicator
3. Speed regulator
4. Temperature controller
5. Digital temperature display
6. Heating device
WORKING
1. Ensure that the equipment is clean and power
is supplied through suitable voltage stabilizer
of 1.5KV.
2. Connect the equipment to the main power supply
3. Switch ON the unit.
4. Observe the digital display indicator
5. To set the desired temperature press the “set” touch key and simultaneously the
potentiometer knob turn to right hand side or left-hand side with the help of screw driver
(clock wise to increase the set value or anticlockwise to decrease the set value) release
the ‘set’ touch key
6. If you press the ‘set’ touch key it will indicates the set temperature. If you release ‘set’
touch key it will indicate the current temperature.
7. If the current temperature in the chamber raises above the set value, heating
automatically ‘puts off’ and cooling will be “ON” and the temperature in the chamber
decreases below the set temperature cooling automatically “puts off “and heating will be
“ON”. This process repeats.
8. Ensure that the observed temperature after stabilizing it should not differ ± 2 °C to the
set temperature in the log sheet.
9. Maintain the record day-to-day monitoring of the temperature separately in a log sheet
10. Record the temperature using maximum and minimum thermometer once in a day in a
log sheet.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL COLONY COUNTER

AIM: To count colonies of bacteria or other microorganisms growing

on an agar plate.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Felt-tipped pen Digital counting display
2. Magnifying lens
3. Lighted surface
4. Dish holder
5. Wolffhuegel gel grid glass plate
6. Push button
WORKING
1. Ensure that the instrument is clean and kept in proper position.
2. Connect the instrument to the main power supply.
3. Switch on the instrument.
4. Place the Petri dish containing bacterial colonies on the wolffhuegel grid glass plate.
5. The instrument is provided with 100 mm diameter magnifying lens and auto pen
marker which is fixed to 3 pin sockets provided on right of instrument.
6. Take the auto marker pen and mark each colony by pressing the pen tip and the Digital
counter will start counting sequentially.
7. The counter can be set to zero by pressing the center push button switch.
8. Counting can also be done manually without using pen marker by pressing the push
button switch provided right hand side of the lower front of the panel.
9. The instrument displays four-digit counters with beep sound for each counting.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use.
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
3. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MICROSCOPE
AIM: To magnify the object to visualization it easily.
PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Coarse adjustment screw
2. Fine adjustment screw
3. Objective lens
4. Eye piece
5. Plain and concave mirror
6. Slide holder
WORKING
1. Place the Microscope in an upright position at a
convenient height for the operation on a rigid table. Make
sure all the exposed optical surfaces are free of dirt.
2. Adjust the observation head to convenient working
position.
3. Rotate the nose piece until the lowest power objective is in viewing position. The
lower the power of objective, the greater the area of the specimen surface included in
the field of view.
4. Lower power objectives also have a much greater depth of focus are generally used for
initial focusing and viewing.
5. Position the specimen area of slide (Cover glass upside) over the centre of stage
aperture. Use the stage control knobs to move specimen slide to the desired position.
6. Looking through the observation head, raise the stage by adjusting the coarse focus
knob until an image appears. Focus as sharply as possible with coarse focus knob.
Adjust the fine focus to sharpen the image in the centre of the field of view.
7. Focus as sharply as possible image. The clarity of the image depends upon the size of
aperture. As the aperture becomes smaller, the contrast and depth of focus increases
but the resolving power decreases. The clearest image is produced by combination of
these three factors.
8. Examine the specimen. When you find a feature, you wish to observe at a higher
magnification. Move the slide so that the feature gets centre in the field of view. Use
the fine focus knob to sharpen the image.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

LAMINAR AIR FLOW

AIM: To provide aseptic working condition.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Clean benches with supply of highly purified air.
2. Fitted with fully washable synthetic pre- filter units.
3. Motor and blower.
4. Fluorescent lights panel at the upper portion of the unit.
5. Ultra violet light is incorporated in the illumination panel.
WORKING
1. Laminar air flow produces a very clean and dust free area.

2. The whole of the air presence in a confined area moves with

a uniform velocity along parallel lines.
3. By employing high efficiency bacteria proof filter, the air supplied is sterilized which
sweeps all dust and air particles from the chamber through the open side, thus making
the whole area free from microorganisms.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. The operator should scrub his/her hands thoroughly with alcohol and wear sterilized
gloves, headgear, mask and clothing.
2. All the apparatus and equipment’s required to be used in the process must be sterilized
in advance.
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
4. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly.
5. Keep the machine neat and clean

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ASEPTIC CABINET

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Wooden made cabinet
2. UV lamp fitted at upper side
3. Fluorescent light
4. Transparent glass at upper portion of the cabinet
WORKING
1. Switch on the instrument 30 min. before the
operation.
2. Wash the hands before operating.
3. Insert the hands through the holes.
4. Transfer the media carefully.
5. Switch off the instrument
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. The operator should scrub his/her hands thoroughly with alcohol and wear sterilized
gloves, headgear, mask and clothing.
2. All the apparatus and equipment required to be used in the process must be sterilized
in advance.
3. Before operation UV lamp should be on and after the operation the lamp should be off.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

VACUUM PUMP

AIM: To create vacuum within an enclosed area.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Moisture Trap
2. Vacuum Gauge and regulator
3. Non return value
4. Suction Air Filter
5. Discharge Oil Mist Filter

WORKING
1. Adjust the desired pressure.
2. Now connect the filtration assembly (Vacuum flask) to the pump.
3. Pour the sample want to filter on the Buckner funnel place above the vacuum flask.
4. Now start the pump by holding the flask.
5. After completion filtration or drying switch off the pump and take out the sample.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTION

1. Keep the Pump neat and clean
2. Before using pump check out the oil level.
3. Pump filter should be neat and clean.
4. Avoid any voltage fluctuation for longer life of the instrument.
5. Do not run the pump without the filtration unit.
6. Switch off the pump properly after the filtration.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ELECTRONIC BALANCE

AIM: To measure the weight.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Large graphical LCD display with
backlight and function icons
2. Motorized internal calibration weight
3. Large weighing pan and chamber
with 3 door windshields
4. 16 weighing units including 1 user programmable
custom unit
5. Selectable automatic calibration due to temperature
variations
6. Below pans weighing capability
7. Glass draft shield with three door access
8. Standard applications include weighing, parts counting, percent weighing, and
averaging, filling guide, statistics, and density determination.

WORKING
1. Ensure that balance is aligned properly and cleaned the spirit level should be in the
centre of the circle.
2. Ensure that the display shows 0.00000.
3. Place 4 standard weights of different denominations as per schedule & record the
weight.
4. The observed weight should confirm with the acceptance criteria as given in the
balance log sheet.
5. If the instrument goes out of calibration contact the service person for necessary
adjustment and recalibrate.

MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTION

1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use.
2. Read the Manual and understand the working before operating it.
3. Avoid operating with wet hands.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DISTILLATION UNIT

AIM: To prepare distilled water.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Water pump
2. Immersion type heating element
3. Boiling chamber
4. Distiller stainless condensing tubes
5. Storage tank / container
6. Countertop distiller filter housing
7. Drain valve
8. Distiller cooling fan
WORKING
1. Ensure the electrical connections are proper.
2. Ensure the water circulation is continuous.
3. Check for the water level in the heater tank.
4. Switch on the instrument.
5. Place the clean plastic container meant for distilled water collection at the outlet of
the distillation unit and collect the distilled water in it.
6. Discard the first 200ml of water and collect the distilled water for lab use.
7. Check the clarity visually, if clear carryout conductivity and chloride test.
Conductivity NMT-4.0 ms cm-1, chloride should be nil. Then use it for regular
analysis.
MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTION
1. Container for collection of distilled water should be very neat and clean.
2. Instrument when not in use switch off the instrument first and then stop the water
connection.
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
4. Avoid any voltage fluctuation for longer life of the instrument.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

CENTRIFUGE MACHINE

AIM: To provide centrifugal force.

WORKING
1. Ensure that instrument is clean & free from dust.
2. Ensure that all the knobs are in normal position.
3. Open to upper glass led by releasing tune in and lift in.
4. Place the centrifuge tubes in the compartment.
5. The compartment is designed in such a way
to place six centrifuge tubes at a time.
6. Switch ON the mains.
7. Adjust the RPM speed by the knob provided on the
front panel of the instrument.
8. Set the required time by the TIMER setting knob range 0 minutes to 60 minutes.
9. Switch OFF the mains when not required.

MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTIONS

1. Keep the machine neat and clean. Keep it covered when not in use.
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
3. Before starting, make sure all the controls are working properly.
4. Avoid operating with wet hands.
5. Avoid water spillage on the instrument to eliminate short circuiting.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

THERMOMETRES

AIM: To record the temperature.

WORKING
1. The thermometer for calibration shall be mercury in glass
type.
2. Take a 500 ml beaker filled with about 400 ml of silicone
oil. Use water for (0-500 C) and silicone oil for the
temperature above 500 C.
3. Place the beaker on a bath fitted with a stirrer. The stirrer
shall be dipped in the beaker leaving about 2 cm space
from the bottom of the beaker.
4. Immerse the standard thermometer certified by approved
lab, into the silicone oil vertically approx. 8cm leaving the remainder of the stem and
the upper extension chamber exposed to ambient temperature. Clamp tightly.
5. Start stirrer taking precaution that it does not touch the thermometers.
6. Start heating the oil bath and compare the temperature observed at different
increments as given below.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Keep the thermometer in the case when not in use.
2. Handle it with care.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

AIM: To characterize the sample quantitatively and qualitatively.

WORKING
 A blank sample of the transparent substrate should be brought to do the experiments.

 If the sample is in solution, it should be premixed to the desired concentration and a

blank sample of the solvent should be brought to do the experiment. Note that quartz
solution cells are located above the UV-Vis. If these cells are used, they should be
cleaned before and after use with the solvent that is to be used during the experiment.
 Check inside the UV-Vis chamber to assure that the appropriate sample holder (i.e.,
the liquid or solid sample holder) is in place. If it is not switch it out, the correct
sample holder will be in the cabinet above the equipment.
 Turn the UV-Vis on by pressing the button in the front of the unit. The unit is not
operational until the blinking light on the button goes to a solid green color.

 Log onto the computer connected to the UV-Vis.

 Open Cary Win UV from the desktop. Click on Scan to start the program.

 Click on Setup… to set the experimental parameters.

 Click on the Baseline Button on the left-hand side of the screen. A pop up will prompt
you to place the blank substrate in the holder. Once this is in place click OK.

 The equipment will baseline and second pop up will come up that will instruct you to
block the sample beam, do so by placing the cardboard to block the beam. Once this is
done click OK.
 Once the Baseline procedure is done remove the cardboard from the sample chamber.
Click on Zero on the right-hand panel.

 Once zero is finished take out the blank sample and put in your sample.
 Go to Start at the top center of the screen and click on it. Save your data to the correct
file folder. Click Ok. The scan will begin at this time

 Once the scan is finished, a pop up will come up that will allow you to scan another
sample of finish. If you are running multiple samples change your sample, change the
sample name on the pop-up box, and click OK otherwise click Finish.

 Turn the UV-Vis OFF by pressing the button.

 Logoff of the computer
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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

HOT AIR OVEN

AIM: To provide high temperature condition for drying and sterilization.

WORKING

1. Ensure that the instrument is clean & free from dust.

2. Switch ‘ON’ the mains.
3. The green indication light will be ON’.
4. There is a three- way switch for the selection of temperature range.
5. The required temperature (e.g.,105 °C) can be set by a
thermostatically controlled knob by rotating it in clockwise or anti-
clockwise direction.
6. Inside the oven, there are two trays. Keep any object that requires
drying, on this tray and close the door of the oven.
7. A strafe holes is provided on the top right corner of the instrument,
place thermometer or any other temperature measuring device.
8. A vapor or fumes releasing value is also provided on the too middle part at the
instruments.

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
1. Check the working accuracy of the thermometer with a calibrated standard thermometer

MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTIONS

1. Proper handling of the instrument.
2. Do not keep the door of the instrument open for a long period when the temperature is on.
3. If the instrument does not produce required results of its response is poor then it should be
repaired or serviced.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL MELTING POINT APPARATUS

AIM: To determine the melting point of sample.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Electric heater
2. Stirrer
3. Lenses
4. Glass container
WORKING
1. Keep the ‘heater’ & ‘stirrer’ knobs to ‘min’.
2. Switch on the main power supply. Switch on the ‘mains’ of
the instrument.
3. The display will show some random figure, then press the
‘reset’ push button to display the actual temperature of the
furnace.
4. Keep the melting point tube in silicone oil containing glass container. Check through
the lenses type mirror about the capillary is correctly seated in its cavity.
5. Turn the stirrer knob slowly towards max. Press the start push button.
6. Turn the heater knob to max and put heater high/low switch to high. (This switch is
provided on right hand side of the instrument). The raise of temperature can be
controlled by using this switch and the heater knob.
7. When the temperature reaches within about 30 o c, of the expected melting point,
reduce the rate of heating and adjust the rate of rise of temperature to about 1 o c, per
minute.
8. Wait till the melting point is reached which is indicated by sample is melted in the
tube. The digital read-out will display the exact temperature at which the sample is
melted.
9. Record this temperature. Turn off the ’heater’ knob.
10. After reducing the temperature, switched off the instrument.
Maintenance & precautions
1. Care should be taken while inserting the capillary into its cavity or taking out from the
cavity to avoid breaking, take it out vertically.
2. Check always colour of the silicone oil. Normally it is colourless. If it observed as
yellow or brown, discard the oil. And take fresh oil in that container.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DESICCATOR
AIM: To absorb the moisture of hygroscopic substances.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Chamber
2. Lid
3. Porous plate

WORKING
1. Put the drying agent (calcium chloride or silica gel etc.) in the
lower portion of chamber.
2. Take the substance, put in the chamber and close the box tightly.
3. Wait for some period of time and then taken out the substance
from the chamber and again close the box.

PRECAUTION
1. The box is tightly closed.
2. Before placing substance check the absorption of drying agent.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MAGNETIC STIRRER WITH HOT PLATE

AIM: To stir the mixture.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Magnetic bead
2. Hot Plate
3. Speed Controller
WORKING
1. Connect the plug and put on the switch.
2. Keeps the beaker containing solution to be stirred on to
the flat surface of apparatus.
3. Introduce magnetic bead into solution to be stirred.
4. Take that bead should not react with solution.
5. Maintain the stirring rate by knob given in center of apparatus.
6. After the required time take out the beaker, remove the bead from solution.
7. Put off the main switch.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from dust.
2. Ensure that all the parts including optical lens, telescope lens and polarimeter tube are
clean.
3. Polarimeter tube should be filled so as to avoid any air bubbles.
4. Clean the instrument and keep under cover after use.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TINCTURE PRESS

AIM: For maximum recovery of menstruum containing extracted drug.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Heavy steel construction with powder-
coated finish
2. All stainless-steel herb contact surfaces,
including custom piston and pressing pans
3. Heavy duty 4-ton hydraulic jack squeezes
out every last drop
4. Automatic spring-loaded return
5. Two hoses and two heavy duty pressing
cloths included free of charge

WORKING
1. The herbs are chopped or powdered, put loosely into a jar, covered with an extracting
liquid like alcohol and water, glycerine, vinegar, or olive oil.
2. After absorbing herbal properties for a time, use a press to separate the liquid from
the herbs.
3. Finally pressing the herbs by hand using a tincture press and the exhaust left is further
expressed using a muslin cloth to extract and remaining extract.

MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS

1. Clean the apparatus using organic solvents.
2. Read the manual and understand the working before operating

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

HEATING MANTLE

AIM: To heat the reaction mixtures in

laboratories.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Electric wires embedded within a strip
of fabric that can be wrapped around a
flask.
WORKING
1. Switch on the instrument from the
main switch.
2. The temperature was maintained by
the temp control knob.
3. Beaker containing the sample was placed over heating mantle.
4. The instrument was switched off after the heating was over.
MAINTENANCE & PRECAUTIONS
1. Always touch/hold, hot apparatus by using tongs.
2. Keep the machine neat & clean. Keep it covered when not in use.
3. Read the manual and understand the working before operating it.
4. Before beginning, make sure all the controls are working properly
5. Avoid operating with wet hands.
6. Avoid water-spillage on the instrument to eliminate short circuiting.
7. Switch on the instrument at least 10 minutes before performing the experiments.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ROTA-ROD APPARATUS

AIM: To determine the muscle relaxant property of Diazepam.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Cabinet (metal body) with a shaft on which
rats or mice are kept (at the top of the cabinet)
2. Platform on which rat/mice falls.
3. Pulley clamp to rotate the shaft. A belt which to rotate
Pulley to rotate shaft.
4. Front control panel (bearing on/off button, push button,
temperature control knob, indicators etc)
5. Five chambers which are attached by TIE ROD with four
arrangement (to hold four rat/mice at a time)
WORKING
1. Before switching ON the instrument ensures that the platforms in which the mice have
to be fall are laying in the backward direction.
2. This platform is basically A Sea-Saw adjustment such that when animal or mice fall
down from the rotating rod, this platform also pressed in the forward direction thereby
stops the timer and the time is recorded in the timer unit it is resetted.
3. After this switch ON the instrument. There are chances that random reading may
appear in the digital timer displays. Now push the Re Set switch to RE SET the timer.
4. After this adjustment push the START switch. The motor start rotating thereby rotating
the rod mounted above the compartments.
5. Adjust the speed of the motor with the help of the control knob as per requirement of
the experiment. The ideal speed for experiment is 20-25 rpm.
6. Weigh the animals and number them.
7. Now switch off the instrument again and ensure again that the platforms are lying in
the backward directions.
8. Switch ON the instrument once and see that the motor is not running and the entire
timers are stopped.
9. In care the timers are registering the time and are running, then start pressing the
platform one by one in front direction so that they are made to rest on the magnetic
switch and this will stop the timers and also the motor gets stopped automatically.
10. Place the animals on the rotating rod; in your instruments you have the privilege of
placing five animals at a time as your instrument is having five compartments.
11. Now press the START button once. The motor starts rotating and timer starts running.
12. Note down the “FALL OFF TIME” when the mouse falls from the rotating rods. This
can be read from the timer which was stopped by the fall of the mouse.
13. Inject diazepam to all the animals. After 30 minutes repeat the experiment as above
and note the fall off time.
14. Compare the fall off time of animals before and after diazepam treatment.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ORGAN BATH ASSEMBLY

Procedure

1. Clean the organ bath and inner organ tube by using

distilled water.
2. Fill the outer jacket of the student organ bath with water.
3. Balance frontal writing lever using plasticine and
calculate the magnification value, apply a tension (load)
as prescribed below for various commonly used tissue
prep.
4. Set the inner organ tube to inlet and outlet for
physiological solution.
5. Set the thermostat and heating element of the organ bath,
at 370 c and put the switch on.
6. The inlet side of inner tissue organ bath is connected to
the Marriott bottle (physiological reservoir) through tube and fills the Marriott bottle
with respective physiological solution.
7. When the temperature of solution reaches at 37˚c, sacrifice the animal as per. CPCSEA
guidelines.
8. Remove the tissue / muscle from animal and prepare the tissue / muscle for mounting
with proper aeration.
9. The tissue is suspended in organ tube by means of an aeration tube cum tissue holder
that connected to aerator through polyethylene tube (I.V. tube set) that serves as the
purpose of aeration.
10. One end of the tissue in up-right position is tied by thread to the hook of the aeration
tube and the other end is connected to the lever (recording device).
11. Stabilized the tissue for 30 to 45 min. with continuously aeration with oxygenated air.
12. During stabilization period wash the tissue with physiological solution at the interval of
10 min.
13. After stabilization of tissue, switch on the kymograph and record the normal base line
for 30 sec.
14. At the end of 30 sec record the response of drug concentration according to time cycle.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL pH METER

AIM: To determine the pH.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
1. Combination pH Electrode
2. Electrode Stand and clamp
3. Temperature probe

WORKING
1. Set up the electrode stand and fit the pH electrode
in it.
2. Carefully remove the protective rubber cap from the filling hole of electrode.

PREPARATION OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS

1. Dissolve on buffer tablet/powder pack of 7pH in 100 ml distilled water. The pH of this
solution is 7pH. Put this buffer solution in a bottle and store in a cool place.

CALIBRATION OF ELECTRODE
1. The electrode should be calibrated before beginning measurements or when pH
readings are doubtful. Once the calibration has been carried out, do not change the
electrode without fresh calibration.
2. Connect the combination pH electrode to the input socket, wash it with distilled water
& switch ON the instrument.
3. Dip the electrode in 7pH Buffer solution.
4. Set the “TEMPERATURE” “C” control to the buffer solution temperature.
5. Set the Function Selector Switch to ‘pH’ position and adjust with ‘CALIBRATE’
control till the digital display shows the precise pH value of the buffer solution.
6. Now move the Function Selector Switch to “STAND BY”.
7. Remove the electrode from the buffer solution & wash it with distilled or de-ionised
water.
8. Dip the combined electrode into another buffer solution (say 4 pH)
9. Set the ‘TEMPERATURE’ “C” control to the temperature of the selected buffer
solution.
10. Set the Function Selector Switch to pH position. Adjust the “Slope” correction
Control, at the front panel until the display shows the pH value of the selected buffer
solution. Check that the correct readings are obtained with both the buffer solutions
without further adjustment.
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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

BOTTLE WASHING MACHINE

AIM: To clean the container.

PARTS DESCRIPTION

Brush spindle – This helps us to clean the bottle, it goes inside

the bottle through the mouth of the bottle and then we rinse the
bottle with the detergent or any other chemical or water from the
tap attached and it cleans the bottle from outside too.

Switch and regulator – It helps to power ON the machine

and to regulate the speed of the brush spindle, the regulator is
inside the back of the machine.

Tap/cock - This helps us to get the water from the source and
regulated way.

Sink - This helps us to drain, out the excess water or chemical.

Valve – This helps us to clean the bottle directly with water without using the brush spindle.

WORKING
1. Take a bottle whom you wish to wash.
2. Get some detergent /chemical in the machine.
3. Switch ON the machine and regulate the speed as per requirement (generally machine
is pre settled on the desired speed)
4. Attach the tap from below to the water source and connect some hose/pipe with it to
get the water.
5. Now get some water in the bottle you wished to wash and then put the bottle near the
brush spindle.
6. Your washing is done.

PRECAUTIONS
1. Take care of the electrical hazards.
2. Take care of your hands during washing at it can be hurt by the spindle.
3. Kindly keep the machine clean “No Use” condition.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TUBE FILLING MACHINE

AIM: To fill the container.

PARTS DESCRIPTION
Hauper - This is the part of the machine which is used to pour
semisolid preparation in the tube.
Injector nozzle -This is use to fill the semisolid into the tube as we put
the nozzle inside the mouth of the tube and then with the help of handle
(3) we inject the semisolid into it.
Injector lever -This is use to inject the semisolid into the tube by just
pulling it downward or pushing it in upward position and the chemical
goes into the tube from the injector nozzle.
Base- This is the machine base.
WORKING
1. First off all pour the desired semisolid preparation to be filled in the tube into Hauper.
2. Now put the tube to be filled on the nozzle.
3. Now pull the lever in downward direction and the liquid start coming out of the
nozzle.
4. Now after filling up the tube remove it from the nozzle.
PRECAUTION
1. Keep the machine clean in “No Use” condition if there will be a chance of oxidation
of internal parts.
2. Keep the machine on the flat surface.

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 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ANALYTICAL BALANCE

PART DESCRIPTION
1. Wooden Chamber
2. Pan & Stirrups
3. Lever
4. Rider scale
5. Pointer & Pointer Scale

WORKING
1. Before use ensures that the pans are clean, stirrups on the knife edges and pointer on
the zero mark of the scale of spring balance.
2. Powdered chemicals and liquids should be weighed on a watch glass or in a weighing
tube, but not directly on the pan.
3. See that the beam is not in motion while putting in or removing an object on a weight
from the pan.
4. Always use forceps in lifting the weights.
5. Put weights on the right hand pan and the object on the left hand pan.
6. Hot containers should not be weighed.
7. Start weighing with a weight heavier than the object.
8. The last reading should be taken after closing the balance.
9. Close the spring balance after you have finished.

PRECAUTIONS
1. Place the balance in proper and fixed position.
2. Before starting the weighing, check the movement of pointer are equal to both the
side.
3. Check the pans, stirrups are in proper position on beam.

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