GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MULTICHANNEL MICROPIPETTES

AIM: To lay down the precaution and procedure for using Multichannel
Micropipettes.

PRECAUTION:

 Do not rotate the volume in the display beyond the minimum or maximum
numbers stamped on the micropipette.
 Select and fit the appropriate size tip for the pipette selected.

OPERATING PROCEDUR
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT MICROPIPETTE
 The range of variable volumes pipettes you may encounter include: P10 (1-10 μl), P200 (20- 200 μl)
and P1000 (200-1000 μl). Selection of the correct pipette is crucial to accurately pipetting the desired
volume.
 Set the pipette to the desired volume by rotating the plunger button on the end until the correct
numbers appear in the display.
2. PIPETTING THE DESIRED VOLUME
 Before immersing the tip into the liquid, you must push out the same amount of air out by pressing
the plunger button to the first stop slowly and smoothly.
 While still holding the plunger button down, hold the pipette vertically and immerse the tip into the
liquid and hold it at a constant depth below the surface of the liquid.
 Slowly release the plunger button so that the pipette will draw the liquid into the tip.
3. DELIVERING THE LIQUID SAMPLE
 To deliver the sample, place the tip against the inside wall of the tube that is receiving the sample at a
slight angle. Press the plunger button slowly and smoothly to the first stop.
 Wait at least one second as it dispenses and then press the plunger button further to the second stop to
expel any residual liquid from the tip to deliver (TD) the desired volume.
 DO NOT release the button until the tip is out of the tube to which the sample was delivered.
4. TIP REMOVAL
 The tip may be ejected from the tip holder by pressing the tip ejector button while holding the pipette
tip over a waste container.
 Tip changes are required only if aspirating a different liquid, sample or reagent. If contamination of
the tip is a concern, then a tip change is always appropriate.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

SUPPOSITORY MOULDS.
AIM
To lay down the procedure for precautions, operation and cleaning of
Suppository moulds.

PRECAUTION
 Never open mold by prying at parting line with knife, spatula, or
other instrument. This will damage the matching mold faces which
have been accurately machined to give a tight seal.
 Do not use acidic cleaning solutions.
 Do not clean with abrasive cloth, gritty materials.
 Use only plastic brushes or nylon pads.
 Do not apply excess force when cleaning parts.
 Do not use sodium hypochlorite.

OPERATING PROCEDURE
 Melt required quantity of suppository base in hot water bath or on hot plate. Add active ingredients.
 Separate the suppository mould by rotating the knob clockwise given at the center.
 Lubricate the suppository mould on the inner sides of the mould with suitable lubricant by using a
cotton swab.
 Tighten the knob by rotating anticlockwise to prevent leakage during filling.
 Pour melted mixture into mold cavities.
 Fill cavities until there is a slight overflow onto the top surface of the mold. This allows for
shrinkage after solidifying.
 Allow suppository mixture to cool at room temperature for 30 minutes. Check whether
suppositories are solidified by plastic scraper to scrape excess material off surface of mold.
 Unscrew the Locking Knobs. Separate the mold plates slowly and remove the suppositories.
CLEANING
 Dismantle parts and soak in warm water with detergent for 5-10 minutes.
 Clean using nylon brush, sponge or wash cloth.
 Wipe with dry cloth or paper towel.
 Wipe parts with a cloth dipped in isopropyl alcohol, then immediately wipe dry with a clean cloth.
 To speed drying, use a cool or hot air dryer.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
STALAGMOMETER
AIM
To lay down the procedure for operation, precaution, calibration and
cleaning of Stalagmometer.

PRECAUTION
 Check the stalagmometer for visual signs of damage. If the
stalagmometer appears to be chipped, cracked, or otherwise in
disrepair, the instrument shall not be used.
 Nitric acid and sulphuric acids are extremely corrosive and will cause burns to the skin. When using
these acids, use acid – resistant gloves, safety goggles and an apron.
 Clean the stalagmometer in a well-ventilated area when using nitric acid.
 Do not pipette any solution by mouth.
OPERATING PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from dust.
 Fill the stalagmometer with the sample to above the top set lines on the stalagmometer.
 If any foam appears, then remove the foam by squeezing and releasing the pipette bulb so the
solution rise and falls in the top portion of the stalagmometer.
 Once the foam is removes, allow the solution to fall to the top set lines and record the point at which
a drop is released.
 Release the solution and count the number of drops falls from the stalagmometer as the liquid level
falls to the equivalent line of the bottom set of lines on the stalagmometer.
 Do not count the partial drop as one drop.

CLEANING
 Place a clean beaker underneath the stalagmometer and fill the beaker with reagent grade
concentrated nitric acid.
 Immerse the bottom tip of the stalagmometer into the beaker.
 Place the pipette bulb end securely on the top end of stalagmometer and carefully pull up the
distilled water through the stalagmometer above the to set lines on the stalagmometer.
 Allow the distilled water to remain in stalagmometer for 5 minutes, and then carefully remove the
bulb, allowing the acid to completely drain.
 Again rinse the stalagmometer with distilled or deionized water and isopropyl alcohol separately
and allow drying completely.
 Do not touch the flat part at the bottom of the stalagmometer once it has been cleaned.
 If after rinsing, beading of liquid occurs inside the stalagmometer, use 50% nitric cod or 25%
sulphuric acid followed by rinsing the stalagmometer atleast three times with distilled water.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

MECHANICAL STIRRER
AIM
To lay down the procedure for operation & cleaning of mechanical stirrer.

PRECAUTION
 Never keep the heater ON, when not in use.
PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from dust.
 Place the beaker containing solution to be stirred on the center of the
top plate and immerse the Teflon peddle into the solution.
 Switch ON the instrument.
 The revolution of the stirring peddle is increased to the required speed
by means of speed regulator.
 After stirring is over switch OFF the instrument.
CLEANING
 De dust the instrument with a clean dry cloth.
 Remove adhere dust by wet mopping using detergent solution.
 Afterwards wipe the surface with a clean dry cloth.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

HOT PLATE
AIM
To describe the procedure for precautions, operation and cleaning of Hot
Plate.

PRECAUTION
 Never keep the heater ON, when not in use.
 Ensure that the electric cord of the hot plate doesn‟t come in contact
with the heating surface.
 Care must be taken to prevent chemicals from coming in contact
with heating surface.
 Keep combustible material away from the hot surface.
 Overheating of the equipment can lead to fire. Use temperature controlling knob to adjust the
temperature.
PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from dust.
 Switch ON the instrument.
 If required adjust the temperature by temperature knob.
 Keep the beaker having sample on the plate and wait for heating.
 Switch OFF the instrument after completion of work.
CLEANING
 Switch OFF the instrument.
 Clean the instrument with on shedding duster.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL ELECTRONIC BALANCE
AIM
To lay down the procedure for operation, cleaning & calibration of Electronic Balance.

PRECAUTION
 Do not weigh on pan directly. Always use butter paper.
 Do not place heavy glassware on the pan directly. T may damage the
instrument.
 Do not weigh corrosive acids or hot materials.
 Do not shift the balance once positioned.
 Do not give shock to pan or table.
 Do not uses butter paper size more than the area of pen.
 Close the doors on the sides and top before recording the weights.
 Do not press the material on the pan with spatula.
 After complication of work clean the inside area of the balance.
PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the balance is clean.
 Connect the power cable to the mains and switch ON the balance.
 Automatically self-checking starts and ends with off.
 Press ON/OFF key, all the display will glow.
 Press the TARE KEY & 0.0000 mark appears on the display.
 The stability of the reading is obtained which is indicated by an arrow mark on the left side of the
display.
 Place the material to be weighed on the balance and note down the reading.
 After completion of weighing, press the ON/OFF key to switch off the balance and clean the
balance.
CLEANING
 After use clean the balance with clean lint free cloth and keep in its box.
CALIBRATION
 Before calibrating the balance, clean the weighing platforms.
 Switch „ON‟ the main power supply.
 Wait till zero reading is displayed on the screen.
 Place 4 standard weights of different denominations as per the schedule and record the weight.
 The observe weight should confirm with the acceptance criteria.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL PH METER
AIM
To provide a procedure for operation of digital pH meter.

PRECAUTIONS
 Always keep the pH electrodes dipped in distilled water.

PROCEDURE
 Connect the pH meter to the plug point.
 Wash the electrode with distilled water.
 Dip the electrode in pH 7 buffer solution.
 Set the temperature to the temperature of the solution.
 Set the function selector switch to pH position.
 Adjust the pH to 7.0 with calibration control.
 Set the function selector switch to standby position.
 Remove the electrode from the buffer solution and rinse with distilled water.
 Dip the electrode in another buffer solution and set the exact pH.
 Check that the exact buffer pH readings are obtained with both the solutions without further adjustments.
 Rinse the electrode with distilled water and dip it in a beaker containing distilled water.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

OSTWALD VISCOMETER
AIM
To lay down the procedure for precautions, operation and cleaning of Ostwald
Viscometer.

PRECAUTION
 Do not pipette any solution by mouth.
 Check the viscometer for visual signs of damage. If the viscometer
appears to be chipped, cracked, or otherwise in disrepair, the instrument
shall not be used.
PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the instrument is clean and free from dust.
 The viscometer is mounted in a vertical position on a suitable stand.
 Firstly calibrate the instrument with materials of known viscosity such as pure (deionized freshly
distilled water 1.003 centistokes at 20°C)
 Introduce a sample of sufficient volume to fill the reference bulb and part of the lower receiving
bulb so that when the sample drains into the lower bulb, the liquid levels at start and finish will
traverse the center portion of that bulb.

CLEANING
 Remove the sample from the viscometer.
 For low viscosity liquids, the viscometer maybe turned upside down and allowed to hang.
 For high viscosity liquids, the sample may have to drawn out under vacuum or by heating the
instrument under open oven or with a stream of hot air.
 The material remaining in the viscometer must then be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent.
 Distilled water, petroleum based lubricants and asphalts can usually be dissolved with light naphtha,
heptanes, octane, highly aromatic solvents.
 Varsol is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose.
 The insoluble deposits may be removed by filling the instrument with chromic acid cleaning
solution and allowing the instrument to soak in the acid up to 24 hours.

A low velocity stream of clean air will be sufficient to

evaporate remaining traces of a volatile solvent.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DIGITAL TURBIDITY METER
AIM
To provide a procedure for calibration of digital Turbidity meter.

PRECAUTIONS
 . Turbidity Standards are nontoxic, but can irritate eyes and skin.
 Wear gloves when handling Turbidity Standards and anytime there is
direct exposure to wastewater.
 Wear goggles when testing wastewater.
 Wash hands after calibration and after exposure to wastewater.
 When using equipment in the field, be aware of your surroundings.

PROCEDURE
 Connect the sensor to the meter so that it is turned and locked into place.
 Turn meter on by pressing the Menu/On button.
 Once meter is on, enter the calibration screen by holding the Menu/On button for 3 seconds.
 Press the down arrow key to select 50 NTU. Press the Save button.
 Press the Menu/On button again to display available units. Select NTU and press the Save button.
 Press Menu/On button to display the Log Sig screen for calibration using 0 NTU standards.
 The Log Sig screen shows a number with NTU. This is not an indication of the real NTU reading.
 Fill a beaker with approximately 5” of 0 NTU Standard.
 Proceed through the Delay screen by pressing Menu/On.
 The Delay should be set at 5 seconds.
 Record calibration in the calibration Logbook

Prepared By: Checked By

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

CONDUCTIVITY METER
AIM
To provide a procedure for calibration of Conductivity meter.

PRECAUTIONS
 Oil, grease, algae, or dirt can interfere by coating the electrodes, causing
sluggish response and incorrect readings.
 Sample temperatures other than 25EC will cause incorrect results
PROCEDURE
 Rinse the apparatus with sample by filling the receptacle and putting it in
place on the apparatus.
 Discard this rinse and then fill the receptacle with sample and place it on the
apparatus such that there are no airs
 bubbles inside the conductivity cell.
 For samples from the same station with about the same conductivity, it is not necessary to rinse between samples.
 Adjust the temperature to 25C, and record the reading from the conductivity meter.
 When the apparatus is not being used, the conductivity cell should be immersed in reagent water.
 For extended periods of non-use, the cell may be thoroughly rinsed with reagent water and left to dry.
 Before re-use, it must be soaked overnight in one of the standards.

Prepared By: Checked By

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

PROJECTION MICROSCOPE
AIM
To lay down the procedure for Operation, Cleaning and Maintenance of Microscope

OPERATING PROCEDURE
 Ensure that the microscope and its surrounding area are clean. Plug the
microscope power cord in to electrical out let.
 Turn on the microscope by rotating the illumination control knob on the bottom
left side of the instrument.
 Set the intensity of light to the lowest setting using illumination control knob.
 Fully open the aperture diaphragm of the condenser by rotating the ring to the extreme right.
 Using the sub stage condenser focusing knob, raise the condenser to the top of its excursion. Critical
illumination only: If the condenser travel is excessive, limit the travel with the thumbscrew under the
sub stage until the top lens of it is just below the stage surface (0.35mm)
 Place the specimen slide on the stage.
 Rotate the nosepiece to move the objective (40 X for dry mount and 10 X for wet mount) into working
position.
 Raise the stage by rotating the coarse adjustment knob to its positive stop. Using the fine adjustment
knob, bring the specimen into sharp focus.
 Adjust the eye tubes for inter pupillary distance and eye difference. The left eyepiece tube is focusable
to compensate for refractive differences of the eyes.
 To correctly set the eye tubes, focus on the specimen through the right eyepiece tube only. Use the fine
adjustment knob while covering the left eyepiece or closing the left eye.
 Next, focus the specimen through the left eyepiece by turning the eye tube. Cover the right eyepiece
while doing this and be sure to focus with the left eye tube only, without using the focusing knob.
CLEANING
 Clean the front lens with a toothpick covered with a cotton tip wetted with methanol.
 Avoid excessive use of solvent for cleaning.
 Cover the microscope always with dust cover, whenever the microscope is not in use.
 Wipe the bottom of Oil immersion lens of a fast absorbing tissue paper before and after using the
lens.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

DEIONIZATION UNIT

OBJECTIVE
To describe the procedure for the operation and cleaning of dissolution apparatus.

PRECAUTIONS
 Check for rinsing and lowering of basket in immersion fluid at constant frequency
rate between 28 to 32 cycles per minutes.
 Maintain the height of wire mesh at least 2.5cm below the fluid surface on upward
stroke and 2.5cm bottom of the beaker on the downward stroke.
 Temperature of the liquid media should be maintained.
 Note the temperature only by keeping thermometer in the immersion fluid.

OPERATING PROCEDURE
 Properly clean the equipment.
 Fill the beaker with potable water up to the mark level.
 Put the beaker into the position given on the top of the machine.
 Set the tube into the beaker.
 Put “ON” the main switch.
 Maintain the temperature of the disintegration medium to 37°C±2°C.
 Place the tablet in each of the six tubes of the basket.
 Place the disc on the top of the tablet in each of the six tubes.
 At the end, make sure that all the six tablets have disintegrated completely.
 Check the time when all the six tablets have disintegrated and record the time.

CLEANING
 Remove the tube assembly from the beaker.
 Take out the discs from the tubes and remove the material sticking to them.
 Wash the tubes and discs with water.
 Take out the beaker; remove the water of the previous product from the beaker.
 Wash the beaker with potable water.
 Wipe the body of the apparatus with clean wet cloth and reassemble it.
 Check the cleanliness of the apparatus.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

ANALGESIOMETER (Eddy’s Hot Plate)
AIM
To provide a standard operating procedure of Analgesiometer (Eddy‟s Hot Plate).

PROCEDURE
 Switch on the instrument after plunging the main cord in the main plug.
 Adjust the thermostat plate at 55 degree C.
 After green indicator start, this indicates that the heater is ON. Now the
temperature of hot plate increase gradually.
 After few second, the temperature will stabilize around at 55 degree C.
 After stabilize temperature, place the rats on the hot plate and observe the reaction time by jumping
response or flicking of paws. Normally show such response in 6-8 sec.
 Remove the rats form hot plate by taking off the lid and inject the drug sample according to weight
of animals.
 Note the reaction time of animals on the Hot plate at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after drug
administration.
 The 15 second is taken as maximum analgesia and animals are removed from Hot plate to avoid
injury to the paws.
 Calculate present increase in the reaction time as index of analgesia at each interval.

Prepared By: Checked By:

 GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SINTERED GLASS FILTRATION ASSEMBLY

OBJECTIVE
To provide a procedure for operation of sintered glass filtration assembly.

PRECAUTIONS
 Do not operate instrument without water.

PROCEDURE
 Place the lower portion of the glass funnel or the sinter into the top
opening of the flask. Or the whole Buchner funnel.
 If using a membrane filter, use tweezers/forceps to place the filter on the support. Some filters need
damping with a fluid similar to the filtrate to help it stay in position.
 Place the upper portion of the funnel so that it is aligned to the lower portion. Avoiding sliding and
turning as this will damage the filter.
 Place the clamp over the join of the upper and lower parts of the funnel
 Stabilize the apparatus with a clamp stand near the vacuum source.
 Turn on the water or electric vacuum pump.
 Visually check and listen for any signs of excessive strain or leaks.
 Pour a small volume of suspension into the funnel to allow the filter to wet. This will also allow you
to check for other problems before adding larger volumes.
 Pour the suspension into the funnel in manageable volumes until all is through or the receiving flask
is full to approx. 2cm below the outlet arm.
 Or, if the filter becomes blocked or is spent replace the filter before continuing by dismantling the
funnel and placing a clean filter in place and/or cleaning the sinter.
 When filtering is finished, turn off the vacuum source and disconnect the tubing.
 Separate the glassware and decant the filtrate pouring away from the vacuum outlet.
 Clean the glassware and leave to dry.

Prepared By: Checked By:

GAUTAM BUDDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LUCKNOW