Suggested structures for writing TASK 2 types of question.

TYPE 1: Discuss 2 views and give your

own opinion (discuss both views
Cách 1: A is good, B is better (40/60)
RECOMMENDED STRUCTURE:
Introduction:
1. Câu 1: Paraphrase the question:
- In recent years, there has been a widespread assumption that paraphrase A,
whereas others think that B could bring more advantages.
- Over the past decades, XXX (topic of the questions) (has given serious
concern to the society) and therefore leads to different opinions about whether
A or B is more beneficial
- In recent years/Over the past decades/few years, there have been different
opinions on XXX (topic)
2. Câu 2:
- Although/While A (the former) is beneficial to some extent/to a certain
degree, it is better to do B (the latter)
- Although/While A (the former) is moderately beneficial, it is better to do B
(the latter)
- Some people think that it is fairly/somewhat good to do A, and yet I would
argue that B is more beneficial
Body 1: Advantage of A/Reason for A:
3. Doing A brings some/certain advantages, including A and B.
// A is advantageous to some extent/to a certain degree
// It sounds logical that A is beneficial due to reason A and reason B.
4. In fact, ...
5. This (cause, effect) would help …
Disadvantage of/Counter argument of A:
6. However,
7. For example,
Body 2: Advantage of B/Reason for B
8. However/on the other hand, there are some reasons why doing B is more
beneficial
9. One reason is that… (Advantage 1 of B)
10. This + leads to/means that …
11. Another reason is that ... (Advantage 2 of B)
12. For instance, .../Otherwise, …
 13. In conclusion, while sb can gain certain advantages by doing A, B is still
better

SAMPLES
Prompt 1. Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing
air pollution, while others think there are some other ways. Discuss both views and give
your own opinion.
---
Outline:
Body 1:

International car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution.

Advantage: People travel by public transport or walk/cycle to work on these days -> This
could help reduce the amount of CO2 emissions.

Counterargument: However, this campaign only increases awareness of alleviating air

pollution among people -> If they still drive by cars, it is less likely to be effective.

Body 2:

However, there are other better ways to reduce air pollution/other solutions could be much
better to alleviate the situation.

Solution 1:

Solution 2:

Sample (40/60):
In recent years, the excessive use of cars has been considered a major cause of air pollution
and therefore leads to different opinions about solutions. While it is widely accepted that
global car-free days can be moderately effective, I would argue that there are other feasible
ways to tackle the problem.

Worldwide car-free days seem to have marginal effects on the alleviation of air quality
degradation. In fact, on these days, citizens have to take public transport or to walk instead
of driving four-wheel vehicles on these occasions. They could, therefore, help reduce a
significant amount of CO2 emissions which are a major pollution contributor. However, this
day’s primary purpose is to raise people’s awareness of how individuals can contribute to air
pollution prevention, but such campaigns are unlikely to be effective if people still commute
by private vehicles on other days.
On the other hand, there are other efficient and effective methods of reducing air pollution.
One of them is to develop and exploit alternative sources of energy like solar and wind
power. These kinds of power can fulfill the increasing demand for energy for industrial and
household purposes without exacerbating the situation. Another approach is that
governments should impose strict laws to penalize companies and factories exceeding the
standard amount of exhaust fumes. An illustration of this is levying a tax on driving private
vehicles, which eventually helps curtail emissions.

In conclusion, given the limited effectiveness international car-free days may bring about,
there are other better solutions to the issues of air pollution.

Prompt 2: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others
think people should have the freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion (3-1)

Outline:

Body 1: Prohibiting some extreme sports is acceptable for some reasons.

Reason 1: dangerous -> players may get seriously injured or even get killed.

Reason 2 (optional): many extreme sports such as boxing represent violence -> encourage
aggressive thoughts and behaviours of viewers, especially young children.

Counter argument: banning these kinds of sports would make many athletes jobless ->
leading to other social issues

Body 2: People should be free to take part in any kind of sports

Advantage 1: people have the right to do whatever they wish -> should a person want to
challenge himself for enjoyment, his option should be respected rather than forbidden by law.

Advantage 2: effectively help players and audience release stress -> Increase productivity

Sample:
In recent years, the deaths and injuries associated with many dangerous sports are giving
serious concern to society. Some people, therefore, think that all extreme sports should be
banned, and yet I would argue that people should have the right to choose any sport.

It sounds logical that a ban on all dangerous sporting activities is advisable despite the
consequences. In fact, even when individuals are well-prepared and have all the right
equipment to participate in these sports, the dangers are still present. This means that
prohibiting all those sports can help prevent players from being seriously injured or having
fatal consequences. In addition, many extreme sports, such as boxing represent violence, are
very likely to encourage aggressive thoughts and behaviours of viewers, especially young
children. However, a total ban on these kinds of sports is unreasonable, as it can place many
athletes into a state of joblessness and therefore leads to several other social issues.

Not only can allowing people to freely participate in any sports solve unemployment issues,
but it can also increase social well-being. Firstly, several people have an innate talent for
sports that are sometimes dangerous. Encouraging these sports could help create better
employment opportunities not only for the athletes but also for employees in related
industries like advertising. Second, the main purpose of playing sports, whether dangerous or
not, is to have fun. This may effectively help players or even audiences to release stress after
hard work, thereby improving their productivity and giving a boost to the economy.

In conclusion, while acknowledging the real risks, the right of individuals to take part in
sports of their choice should be retained.

Prompt 3: Some people think a job not only provides income but also social life. Others
think it is better to develop social life with people you do not work with. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
Outline:
Body 1: social life at the workplace associated with a job’s income can be somewhat
beneficial to employees
Advantage: Apart from money, employees have to socialize to finish their jobs. -> They then
find supportive co-workers and develop social skills which are essential factors in obtaining
job satisfaction.
Counter Argument: There are many secrets people cannot share with colleagues. For
example, conflict with the boss.

Body 2: Therefore, it is necessary to develop social life outside the workplace

Reason 1: competitiveness in jobs -> workplace relationship is more materialistic, and
people tend to take advantage of others
Reason 2: new experiences from other fields. -> Example, teachers listening to doctor friends
For adults, working is one of the most important aspects of life. Although many people
believe that it is both salary and social connections that people could get from a job, others
argue that social life should be divorced from the workplace.
Sample
In today's workplaces, there's a balance between connecting with coworkers for better job
performance and the need to have a life beyond work. While interacting with colleagues can
help at work, it's also important to make friends outside work due to some limitations.

On the one hand, social life at the workplace associated with a job’s income can be
somewhat beneficial to employees. In addition to money which can be considered as a
reward for fulfilling duties, people have to work in a team where socializing with co-workers
is inevitable so that they can achieve better performance in their jobs. During this process,
they would find themselves having supportive colleagues and developing social skills, which
are essential factors in obtaining job satisfaction. However, there are many things that one
cannot share with their colleagues. Should one come into conflict with his or her boss, he or
she can hardly confide them to co-workers.

Therefore, it is necessary that social life should be developed outside the workplace. Firstly,
modern life witnesses a higher competitiveness among people in an office for job
benefits and promotion. Workplace relationship becomes more materialistic because people
tend to take advantage of others for career development. Secondly, making acquaintances
with others can bring newer experiences. Rather than limiting ourselves at work, we can
listen to different stories and new experiences from our friends. For example, a teacher who
socializes at the workplace only is obsessed with situations in class, but a friend who is a
doctor can share with him about a balanced diet via their daily conversations, which is
funnier and more useful.

In conclusion, given the income and social relationships a job offers to people, it is more
beneficial to socialize outside of work.
Cách 2: A is good in some cases (for whom, or when), B is
good in other cases (for whom, or when) (50/50).
Introduction:
1. Paraphrase the question.
2. Although/While the former (A) is beneficial in some cases, it is better to do
the latter (B) in other cases.
Body 1:
3. Doing A brings some advantages in certain cases.
A is advantageous to some extent/to a certain degree
Advantage 1 of A/Reason for A:
4. In fact, ...
5. This (cause, effect) would help …
Advantage 2 of A/Reason for A:
6. In addition,
7. For example,
Body 2
8. On the other hand, there are some reasons for someone/in some cases why
doing B is more beneficial.
Advantage 1 of B
9. One reason is that …
10. This
Advantage 2 of B
11. Another reason is that ...
12. For instance, ...
13. In conclusion, while sb can gain certain advantages by doing A, B is better
for others
Prompt: Many developing countries require to receive financial aid from international
organizations to continue their development. Some people argue that practical aid or
advice is more useful.
Discuss and give your opinion.
Sample 1:
In recent years, there have been different opinions on what kind of help is more necessary
for third-world countries. From a personal point of view, although financial support could
bring about some short-term benefits, other types of aid and consultancy are more useful in
the long run.

On the one hand, it is sometimes beneficial to provide financial assistance to developing

countries. Firstly, external monetary flow enables the governments of those countries to
invest more in several areas, such as infrastructural development, social healthcare, water,
and power supplies. This investment would help foster economic progress over a certain
period. Secondly, these cash injections play an important role in tackling urgent problems
like natural disasters or epidemics. Without them, more people could suffer from these
events, which could lead to an economic crisis in developing nations.

On the other hand, there are several reasons why other forms of assistance are much more
beneficial for a country’s sustainable growth. First, a country’s development should be
based on how it is governed and directed, particularly in the resolution of concerning internal
issues like poverty, crime, or unemployment. In fact, less developed countries are less likely
to have enough experience, which emphasizes the need for direction and consultancy from
experienced organizations. Furthermore, even if financially supported, third-world countries
still need experts in the fields of science or medicine in order to encourage their development.
Professional and systematic education and training programs are, therefore, more practical
and suitable for developing nations.

In conclusion, despite a range of advantages financial assistance could bring, global

organisations’ help should come in other forms such as advice and training courses.

Sample 2:
In recent years, there have been different opinions on what kind of help is more necessary
for third-world countries. From a personal point of view, although financial support could
bring about some short-term benefits, other types of aid and consultancy are more useful in
the long run.

On the one hand, it is sometimes beneficial to provide financial assistance to developing

countries. Firstly, external monetary flow enables the governments of those countries to
invest more in several areas, such as infrastructural development, social healthcare, water,
and power supplies. This investment would help foster economic progress over a certain
period. However, these cash injections can be sometimes used for the wrong purposes. In
other words, governments may misuse the money they are given as they do not have enough
resources or identify a feasible way to tackle the major issues.
On the other hand, there are several reasons why other forms of assistance are much more
beneficial for a country’s sustainable growth. First, a country’s development should be based
on how it is governed and directed, particularly in the resolution of concerning internal
issues like poverty, crime, or unemployment. In fact, less developed countries are less likely
to have enough experience, which emphasizes the need for direction and consultancy from
experienced organizations. Furthermore, even if financially supported, third-world countries
still need experts in the fields of science or medicine in order to encourage their development.
Professional and systematic education and training programs are, therefore, more practical
and suitable for developing nations.

In conclusion, despite a range of advantages financial assistance could bring, global

organisations’ help should come in other forms such as advice and training courses.
TYPE 2: Advantages/Disadvantages
RECOMMENDED STRUCTURE:
Introduction
1. Paraphrasing the question
2. Although doing a have several disbenefits, the benefits of this still outweigh the
drawbacks.
Body 1:
3. There are some minor advantages when/if A
4. Firstly,
5. This
6. Secondly,
7. For example,
Body 2:
8. However, there are serious disadvantages, which outweigh/overshadow these
advantages.
9. One reason is that…
10. This
11. Another reason is that ...
12. For instance, …
Conclusion:
13. In conclusion, doing sth has more benefits than drawbacks
 SAMPLES
Prompt: Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical
services should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private
health care outweigh the disadvantages?

Outline
profit-making companies = profit-oriented companies / organizations = profit-yielding
healthcare services, private clinics

Body 1: Some minor advantages of private healthcare services

1. Share responsibilities with state-owned healthcare institutions in taking care of the
public’s health
-> reduce the pressure on state-owned healthcare institutions in terms of overload of patients
and finance
-> solve the issue of insufficient facilities and professional capability in state/public hospital
2. Better quality of healthcare services -> increase the likelihood of curing several diseases
Body 2: Serious disadvantages of private healthcare services
1. the cost of treatment in private healthcare centres is likely to be higher than in ones
subsidized by the government
→ only the affluent can afford not everyone
2. moral issues can cause damaging effects on patients.

Sample

It is believed that the key to leading a happy life is to possess good health, so healthcare
services should be of vital importance when provided by either private companies or
governments. From a personal point of view, despite some positive impacts of private
healthcare, the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

On the one hand, running a profit-making medical service could bring some minor
benefits. The initial point is that doctors and nurses in private ones cater to patients more
carefully and meticulously. This associated with better facilities such as cutting-edge medical
equipment can eventually increase the likelihood of curing several severe diseases and help
the patient to recover more quickly. Also, with the exponential growth in the population,
demand for medical services usually outstrips supply. These private clinics would, therefore,
share responsibilities with state-owned healthcare institutions in taking care of the public’s
health, which eventually solves the issue of insufficient facilities and professional capability
in state/public hospitals.

On the other hand, the advantages seem to be overshadowed by other serious

disadvantages. In fact, private healthcare centers are often accused of overcharging, so
patients living in poverty are incapable of paying for this exorbitant fee. If medical care is all
run by non-public companies, many people cannot gain access to healthcare and have to live
with severe or chronic diseases, which is against the basic right of humans. In addition, there
can be some immoral private hospitals or clinics that are driven by the incentives to gain
money rather than save people’s life. The employment of unskilled doctors or careless
nurses reduces their spending on salaries, and yet it may put patients’ health in danger.

In conclusion, albeit positive to some extent, the domination of private hospitals has more
negative consequences.
 TYPE 3: Problems and solutions
RECOMMENDED STRUCTURE:
Introduction
1. Paraphrase the question/quickly introduce the topic.
2. There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon and several solutions
should be adopted to solve the problem.
// (This problem) could be explained by several factors, and different courses of
actions/measures should be applied to address it/to mitigate the situation.
Body 1: Causes
3. There are two/three/etc. Significant reasons as to why (problem)
// Several factors could explain the reasons why + (problem)
// Several causes of the problem, such as/including …, could be put forward
4. The first reason is that
5. This means …
6. Another reason is that
7. Example
Body 2: Solution
8. Topic sentence: Governments and individuals could take several measures/actions
to alleviate/mitigate/ameliorate the situation/problems.
// Take necessary steps to address the problems, issues/ tackle the issues.
// Employ some alternative methods
// Can adopt several feasible solutions to tackle the issues/ to address the problems.
// Should make attempts to alleviate the environmental problems.
Ideas:
-First, they can impose severe penalties on those who violate the laws regarding
environmental protection/ on those who discharge chemical substances into the rivers without
using wastewater treatment systems. These harsh punishments would probably act as/serve as
a deterrent to those who intend to commit illegal practices. (nếu em muốn viết dài thêm 1
câu).
- enhance public awareness of sth by organizing educational campaigns and meetings.
- instill the consciousness of environmental protection into the pschye of younger generations
by involving students in green activities such as plating the trees and collecting the garbage.
- launching campaigns aimed at educating youths about the ….
- introduce new laws on the limitation of gas emissions from….
- run campaigns to promote awareness of environmental issues

Flow for solutions:

If/Unless cause (solution), effect
Cause (solution), which helps …
Cause (solution). By doing this, effect
Cause (solution). This, effect
In order to (effect), cause (solution)
Combine:
Since [problems], (effect of problems) unless (solutions).
In order to (effect), cause (solution), which (end result)

SAMPLE
It is true that global natural resources such as oil and water are being depleted at an alarming
rate. There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon and several solutions
should be adopted to solve the problem.

There are two primary reasons why the world’s resources are being over-exploited. [1]
Firstly, developing countries nowadays are heavily dependent on natural resources to drive
their economy, especially in the transportation and energy fields. As their citizens are getting
wealthier, their demand for energy consumption is increasing to the level of demand in
developed countries, in terms of gas for cars, and electricity for bigger homes and offices. [2]
Secondly, it is easier to use natural resources rather than spend money to develop and convert
sustainable alternatives, like solar or wind energy. Politicians fear to risk unpopularity by
raising energy prices to fund such developments.

Some measures should be taken to mitigate the problem of overconsumption of these

resources. [1] One step is that governments must impose a higher tax on the use of natural
resources to reduce the demand. By raising taxes, people’s pockets are affected directly, thus,
they will use these resources more responsibly. For example, water meters should be installed
in homes and workplaces. [2] Another essential measure is to develop and introduce
renewable sources like solar or wind energy as alternatives. These clean energies not only
minimize human reliance on the Earth’s natural resources but also help protect the
environment. [3] Furthermore, individuals must be educated to use vital resources sparingly
and wisely. Even simple things like not leaving taps running or leaving lights switched on
unnecessarily can all help reduce consumption.

In conclusion, the overuse of the world’s resources is a big problem for all countries and
solutions should be implemented urgently to tackle this issue.
TYPE 4: Opinion: Do you agree or
disagree?
CÁCH 1: COMPLETELY AGREE/DISAGREE (using 2-4-4-1)
Structure:
1. Paraphrased
2. This essay completely agrees/disagrees with the statement because it A and B
3. The primary reason why A is to ....
4. Cause of A
5. Effect of A
6. Example of A
7. The second main reason is that it .. B
8. Cause of B
9. Effect of B
10. Example of B
11. In conclusion, “paraphrasing the question” because it A and B
 SAMPLE
Eg. In many countries smoking in now illegal in public places. Do you agree or
disagree?

Sample

Smoking has been banned in public places like parks, hospitals, public transport, and
restaurants in many nations. From a personal point of view, I completely agree with this
idea as it reduces the harmful effects of passive smoking and also encourages smokers to
quit.

The primary reason why making it illegal to smoke in public makes sense is preventing
people from having to breathe in second-hand smoke. Passive smoking can lead to many
smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. This would put more
pressure directly on state-run hospitals and make one country’s development unstable. The
British Medical Association found that non-smokers who were regularly exposed to tobacco
smoke were four times more likely to develop lung cancer than those who did not have to
breathe it in.

The second main reason is that it helps those addicted to cigarettes quit their habit. When
smokers and non-smokers socialise together, the smokers are often ostracised from the group
because they have to leave the company of everyone else if they want to light up. With this
barrier, smokers usually find it difficult to maintain this habit if they want to socialize with
their friends, which eventually helps them break the habit of smoking. This has proven
particularly effective in Ireland, the first country to introduce a nationwide ban, where people
have to leave a bar or restaurant and smoke outside.

In conclusion, making it against the law to smoke around strangers should be encouraged
because it prevents innocent people from dying of passive smoking and reduces the number
of smokers.
CÁCH 2: 50/50

Structure:
1. Paraphrase
2. (Partly agree) Although “statement” is true in some cases, it is untrue for the
majority.
3. On the one hand, “statement” is true in some cases ....
4. Reason 1
5. Effect
6. Reason 2
7. Example
8. On the other hand, “statement” is not true in many cases/doing as in the
statement can do more harm than good.
9. Reason 1
10. Effect
11. Reason 2
12. Example
13. In conclusion, paraphrase thesis statement
 SAMPLE
Society would benefit from a ban on all forms of advertising because it serves no useful
purpose, and can even be damaging. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It has been argued that a comprehensive prohibition of advertising in all forms brings about
great values for society as a whole reportedly due to its uselessness or sometimes
harmfulness. Although advertising is sometimes damaging, banning all forms of it could do
more harm than good

On the one hand, commercials are purposeless and detrimental to consumers to a certain
degree. In fact, humans’ daily lives are inundated with various forms of advertising, such as
emails, leaflets, TV commercials, radio spots, and product placements. This may disturb the
process of work and relaxation and eventually result in several kinds of discomfort. In
addition, exaggeration and eye-binding techniques in adverts overshadow the true functions
of products, which creates impulsive purchases, especially among young consumers.

From another perspective, society would be placed at a disadvantage with a prohibition of all
advert forms. In the modern world, new products with distinct and revolutionary features
better humans’ lives and solve problems that happen almost every day. Those products would
remain unknown unless advertising of various types disseminated needed information to
reach as many customers as possible. Also, if adverts are forbidden, an unthinkable number
of workers, such as marketers, would either be driven to other jobs or stay unemployed.
Governments, as a result, have to provide temporary financial support for those people. In
other words, banning any form of commercial communication would lead to reverse and
undesirable implications for society.

In conclusion, given some adverse effects advertising exerts on individuals’ lives, it is

unreasonable to eliminate advertisements from society.
CÁCH 3: 40/60

Using the structure as in the “discuss both views and give your own opinion”

SAMPLES
Prompt 1: Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are
more likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

These days, having a rewarding career path is of vital importance to employees and involves
many elements. Keeping a stable job is one of the elements, and yet I would argue that people
who switch jobs frequently are more likely to earn themselves a successful career life.

On the one hand, deciding on a career and pursuing it for a long time can be sometimes
beneficial. In fact, being able to choose a job early helps one not only envision his or her
career goal more vividly but also enables early preparation, such as accumulating relevant
experience and enhancing soft skills. With this, chances are they will get a better salary, an
element measuring satisfaction. However, entering the workforce early without fully
understanding one’s ability could result in an unsuitable job for him or her. Continuing to
pursue such a job can exacerbate the situation as they no longer have passion for it.

From another perspective, not only can changing jobs more regularly help one develop his or
her passion, but it also gives them more chance to get job fulfillment. First, young adults
seem not to have a clear understanding of what they are interested in due to a lack of real-
world experience. Therefore, experiencing different jobs is likely to help them figure out
what they have a passion for and whether it is compatible with their workstyle and
personality or not. Second, people getting exposed to various fields of work are able to cope
with many challenges in the workplace and daily life. This could be explained by the fact
that changing jobs frequently gives them chances to acquire a range of essential skills,
thereby making them more dynamic and flexible in their responses to the real world.

In conclusion, although choosing and staying in one career path is satisfying to some people,
people experiencing different kinds of jobs can sometimes gain a higher level of career
satisfaction.
Prompt 2: Some people think it is more important for the government to spend public
money on promoting healthy lifestyles in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the
treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is true governments around the world have been working hard to determine the best budget
allocation mix between preventing future and treating current illnesses. Although millions of
ill people need medical treatments now, governments should still prioritize the preventive
avenue over the curative one.

On the one hand, investment in cures is still in demand for some reasons. In fact, diseases are
inevitable in people’s lives. It is, therefore, the responsibility of governments to provide
citizens with proper healthcare when they are ill. Also, since all citizens have already paid
money through the tax system, they have the civil right to have access to healthcare whenever
they need it. Yet some diseases like cancer are severe and required a lot of effort as well as
money to be completely cured, which would cost more of the government’s funding.

Therefore, it is more efficient to spend money enhancing lifestyle and preventing illnesses.
First, as dieting and active lifestyles come into play, there would be fewer needs for medical
treatments in the future. Therefore, governments would in turn save the efforts that could
have been put into curing illnesses. Second, spending money on preventive approaches
ensures that current and future citizens will be able to live longer and happier than previous
generations did. If the preventive approach was not focused enough, future generations would
have the same or even worse living conditions and lifestyles, which deteriorates their health.

In conclusion, it is more effective and efficient in the long run to focus on a preventive
approach. This benefits not only the government but also the citizens’ health.