Type Wavelength Use Production Detection

range
Radio > 0.1 m cellular phones, Television Rapid acceleration and Receiver’s aerials
transmission, radio decelerations of
transmission. electrons
in aerials

Microwave 0.1m to Radar, Microwave ovens, Klystron valve or Point contact diodes
10-3m study of atomic and magnetron valve
molecular structure
Infra-red 10-3m to haze photography, remote Vibration of atoms Thermopiles and molecules
7x10-7 m control systems, treat Bolometer, Infrared
muscular strains photographic film

Light 7x10-7 m to Electrons in atoms emit The eye ,Photocells

4x10-7 m light when they move Photographic film
from one energy level to
a lower energy level

Ultraviolet 4x10-7 m to destroy bacteria, study the Inner shell electrons in Photocells
10-9m molecular structure, LASIK atoms moving from one Photographic film
eye surgery energy level to a lower
level, welding
X-rays 10-9m to pictures of the internal X-ray tubes or inner Photographic film
10–12m organs, detect flaws or shell electrons Geiger tubes, Ionisation
cracks, detection of chamber
explosives
Gamma <10–12m To kill cancerous cells, Radioactive decay of the Photographic film
rays detecting flaws in metal -nucleus Geiger tubes, Ionisation
castings, produce nuclear chamber
reactions
Important Questions Å and radiowave of wavelength 500 m?
1. Find the wavelength of following (Speed in vacuum)
electromagnetic waves having given frequency. 6. Name the constituent radiation of
Identify the part of spectrum and also give two electromagnetic spectrum which
applications each: (a) Is used in satellite communication.
(i) 5 x 1019Hz(X-rays) (Radio wave)
(ii) 4 x 109 Hz(Radiowaves) (b) Is used for studying crystal structure and
(iii)6 x 1012 Hz(Infra red) properties.( X-ray)
2. A plane electromagnetic wave travels, in (c) Is similar to the radiations emitted during decay
vacuum, along the y-direction. Write the of radioactive nuclei.(Gamma ray)
(i) ratio of the magnitudes, and (d) Has its wavelength range between 390 nm, and
(ii) the directions of its electric and magnetic 770 nm.(Visible light)
field vectors.(C;Z,X) (e) Used in Burgular alarms.(Infra red rays)
3. Which of the following, if any, can act (f) Produces intense heating effect.(Infra red)
as a source of electromagnetic waves? (h) Is absorbed by the ozone layer in the
(i)A charge moving with a constant velocity. atmosphere.(U V rays)
(ii) A charge moving in a circular orbit. (j) Frequencies greater than those of ultraviolet
(iii) A charge at rest.Give reason. light but less than those of gamma rays.(X ray)
(ii), accelerated charge (k) Suitable for radar and geostationary
4. When can a charge act as a source of system.(Micro wave)
electromagnetic waves? How are the directions, (l) Adjacent to the low frequency end of the
of the electric and magnetic field vectors, in an electromagnetic spectrum.(Radio wave)
electromagnetic wave, related to each other and (m) Produced in nuclear reactions.(Gamma ray)
to the direction of propagation of the wave? (n) Produced by bombarding a metal target by high
(Accelerated charge, Mutually erpendicular) speed electrons.(X-ray)
5. Which physical quantity is the same for X-rays of (o) To photograph internal parts of a human
wavelength 10-10 m, red light of wavelength 6800 body.(X-ray)
(p) For taking photographs of the sky during night (i) travel in vacuum with a speed of 3 x 108 ms-1.
and foggyconditions?(Infrared) (Electro Magnetic Wave)
(q) Are used to kill germs in water purifiers.(U V (ii) Exhibit the phenomenon of diffraction and can
Rays) the polarized.(Transverse Nature)
(r) Play an important role in maintaining the What conclusion can be drawn about the nature of
earth’s warmth.(Infra red rays) X-rays from each of these observations?
(s) In LASIK eye surgery. (U V rays) 14. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic
09. Answer the following questions: waves.
(a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short- (a)They consist of varying electric and magnetic
wave bands, why? fields which are perpendicular to each other and
(reflected by ionosphere) to the direction of propagation of the wave.
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long Therefore, electromagnetic waves are transverse
distance TV transmission. Why? in nature.
(penetrate ionosphere) 2. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same
(c) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the speed in free space or vacuum.(i.e., 3 × 108ms–1).
ground but X-ray astronomy is possible [C = 1/√
only from satellites orbiting the earth. 3. Electromagnetic waves are unaffected by
Why? electric and magnetic fields.
(X-ray absorbed by atmosphere) 4. There is a definite ratio between E and B i.e.
(d) The small ozone layer on top of the E/B= c.
stratosphere is crucial for human’s survival. 16. Define displacement current and write its
Why?(absorb u.v. rays) formula.
(e) If the earth did not have an atmosphere, Displacement current is that current which
would its average surface temperature be appears in the region in which the electric field
higher or lower than what it is now? and hence electric flux is changing with time.
(lower, no green house effect)
(f) Some scientists have predicted that a global
nuclear war on the earth would be followed 15. Sketch a diagram representing a plane e.m. wave
by a severe ‘nuclear winter’ with a propagating in z-direction.
devastating effect on life on earth. What
might be the basis of this prediction?
(hanging waste prevent sunlight in
reaching earth)
(g) 'Microwaves are used in Radar.' Why?
(due to shorter wavelength can be sent as
beam)
10. Name the characteristics of em waves that
(i) increases(frequency)
(ii) remains constant(speed in vacuum)
in the electromagnetic spectrum as one moves from
radiowave region towards ultraviolet region. 17. How can we produce microwave, radiowave and
11. Show that the average energy density of the E infra red rays.(from table)
field equals the average energy Density of the 18.Write the formula for the speed of e m wave in
B field. vacuum and in medium.
 ( )( )
√ √
(since, Numerical
01. Suppose that the electric field part of an
 (since, ) electromagnetic wave in vacuum is
√
E = {(3.1 N/C) cos [(1.8 rad /m) y + (5.4 x 10
  rad/s)t]}
(a) What is the direction of propagation?(-y)
12. Why are infrared radiations referred to as heat (b) What is the wavelength λ?(3.49m)
waves also.(produces heating effect)? Name the (c) What is the frequency v? (8.59Hz)
radiations which are next to these radiations in (d) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field
electromagnetic spectrum having. part of the wave?(1.03 x 10-8T)
(i) Shorter wavelength.(Visible light) (e) Write an expression for the magnetic field
(ii) Longer wavelength.(Micro wave) part of the wave.
13. Experimental observations have shown that X-
rays B = {(1.03x10-8T) cos [(1.8 rad /m) y +
(5.4 x 10 rad/s)t]}