Tutorial for

Material and Energy Balance

Computations
(3130508)

B.E. Semester 3 (Chemical)

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Directorate of Technical
Education,Gandhinagar,Gujarat
 L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ___________________________________
________ Enrollment No. _______________ of B.E. Semester
_____Chemical Engineering of this Institute (GTU Code: _____ ) has
satisfactorily completed the Practical / Tutorial work for the subject Material
and Energy Balance Computations (3130508) for the academic year 2023-
24.

Place: __________
Date: __________

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Head of the Department

Material and Energy Balance Computations (3130508)

Preface

Main motto of any laboratory/practical/field work is for enhancing required skills as well as
creating ability amongst students to solve real time problem by developing relevant
competencies in psychomotor domain. By keeping in view, GTU has designed competency
focused outcome-based curriculum for engineering degree programs where sufficient weightage
is given to practical work. It shows importance of enhancement of skills amongst the students
and it pays attention to utilize every second of time allotted for practical amongst students,
instructors and faculty members to achieve relevant outcomes by performing the experiments
rather than having merely study type experiments. It is must for effective implementation of
competency focused outcome-based curriculum that every practical is keenly designed to serve
as a tool to develop and enhance relevant competency required by the various industry among
every student. These psychomotor skills are very difficult to develop through traditional chalk
and board content delivery method in the classroom. Accordingly, this lab manual is designed
to focus on the industry defined relevant outcomes, rather than old practice of conducting
practical to prove concept and theory.

By using this tutorial, students can go through the computation practice which is require to
understand the theory concept and also get exposure of relevant practical applications of the
concept.This in turn enhances pre-determined outcomes amongst students. Each tutorial in this
manual begins with competency, industry relevant skills, course outcomes as well as practical
outcomes (objectives).

This manual also provides guidelines to faculty members to facilitate studentcentrictut activities
through each tutorial by arranging and managing necessary resources in order that the students
follow the procedures to achieve the outcomes. It also gives an idea that how students will be
assessed by providing rubrics.

Material and Energy Balance Computations subject deals with the fundamentals of chemical
engineering principles use in chemical process industries to analyze a particular process in
whole or in part and also in evaluatingthe economics of the various processes.It provides a
platform for students to understand fundamentals of units and dimensions, basic chemical
calculations, material balance with and without chemical reactions, energy balance of chemical
process plant. Also considered the fundamental of combustion, different types of fuels and their
combustion characteristics. Furthermore, the application of material and energy balance
principles for various unit operations such as distillation, drying, extractions etc. are also
considered to get the practical exposure of the real industrial problem.

Utmost care has been taken while preparing this tutorial manual however always there is
chances of improvement. Therefore, we welcome constructive suggestions for improvement and
removal of errors if any.
Material and Energy Balance Computations (3130508)

Practical – Course Outcome matrix

Course Outcomes (COs): *

Sr. CO CO CO CO CO
Tutorials/Assignments
No. 1 2 3 4 5
1. Tutorial- Units and Dimensions

2. Tutorial- Basic Calculations

3. Tutorial- Material Balance without Chemical Reaction

4. Tutorial- Material Balance with Chemical Reaction

5. Tutorial- Energy Balance

6. Tutorial- Fuel and Combustion

7. Tutorial- Excel based Numerical

8. Assignment- Units and Dimensions

9. Assignment- Basic Calculations

10. Assignment- Material Balance

11. Assignment- Energy Balance

12. Assignment- Fuel and Combustion

13. Additional Assignment

14.

(* as the CO varies from college to college, above table is left blank,. Relevant CO can be written at top
and respective Cos can be marked against the assignments)
Material and Energy Balance Computations (3130508)

Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant competency are expected to be developed in the student by
undertaking the tutorial work.
1. Computational skills will be developed.
2. Skills like time management, problem solving abilities will be developed.

Guidelines for Faculty members

1. Teacher should provide the guideline to the students.
2. Teacher shall explain basic concepts/theory related to the tutorial to the students.
3. Involve all the students in tutorial work. Individual efforts of students are needed.
4. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the
students and ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the
students after the completion of the tutorials.
5. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not
covered in the manual but are expected from the students by concerned industry.
6. Give practical assignment and assess the performance of students based on task
assigned to check whether it is as per the instructions or not.
7. Teacher is expected to refer complete curriculum of the course and follow the
guidelines for implementation.

Instructions for Students

1. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the faculty
members and understand the COs, content of the course, teaching and examination
scheme, skill set to be developed etc.
2. Students shall organize the work and solve the numerical individually.
3. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart from
those included in scope of manual.
4. Student shall refer technical magazines and data books.
5. Student should develop a habit of submitting the tutorial work as per the schedule.

Common Safety Instructions

1. Behave in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory.

2. Ask your teacher before preceding any activity.
3. Keep silence.
4. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory.
5. Before Living the room, turns Off Light/Fan.
Material and Energy Balance Computations (3130508)

Undertaking of Ethics

1. I, hereby, promise to abide by the admissible rules and regulations, concerning discipline,
attendance, etc. of the L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, and also to follow the
Code of Conduct prescribed for the Students of the Institute, as in force from time to time
and subsequent changes/modifications/amendment made thereto. I acknowledge that, the
Institute has the authority for taking punitive actions against me for violation and/or non-
compliance of the same.
2. I have done all the tutorials and their calculation by my own.

Signature of Student

Enrollment of Student
 Index
(Progressive Assessment Sheet)

Sr. Tutorials/Assignments Page Date of Date of Assess Sign. of Remarks

No. No. performance submission ment Teacher
Marks with date

Total
 Tutorial: Units and Dimensions
Relevant CO: _____
1) The diameter and height of a vertical cylindrical tank are 5 ft and 6 ft 6 in respectively. It
is full up to 80% height with carbon tetrachloride, the density of which is 1.6 kg/L.
Determine the mass in kilograms and pounds. Determine change in mass (kg and lb) if
the tank is filled upto 85% of height.

2) In a double effect evaporator plant, the second effect is maintained under a vacuum of
400 torr. Determine the absolute pressure in kgf/cm2, kPa, atm, N/m2, bar, psi, atm and
mmHg.

3) The effective heat capacity of a mixture of gas is given by

CP = a + bt + ct2, Where a= 7.13, b= 0.577 *10-3 , c= 0.0248 10-6

where CP is in Btu/(lb mol °F) and t is in °F,

(a) Mention the units of the constants in the equati

equation.

(b) Convert the equation into the form in which C P is given in kJ/(kmol K) and
temperature is in K

4) Nitrogen gas is confined in a cylinder and the pressure of the gas is maintained by a
weight placed on the piston. The mass of the piston and the weight together is 120 lb. The
acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2 and the atmospheric pressure is one standard
atmosphere. Assuming the piston is frictionless, determine: (a) The force exerted by the
atmosphere, the piston and the weight on the gas in N if the piston diameter is 4 in. (b)
The pressure of the gas in bar and psi

5) Drag force (F) depends on diameter of sphere (D), Velocity (U) and fluid properties (ρ
and μ). Construct an equation to relate force in terms of dimensionless group.

6) The conductance of fluid flow system is defined as volumetric rate, referred to a pressure
of ne torr. For an orifice, conductance is

C- Conductance in cubic foot

A-Area square foot

 T-Temperature (Rankine)

M-Molar Mass.

Convert this equation in the SI unit system.

7) Convert: (a) 2.5 gm/cm3 to lb/ft3 (b) 450 kPa to Torr and mm WC (c) 650oR to oF, (d)
200 Btu/(hr-ft2 0F) to Kcal/(hr-m2 0C) (e) 152 lb to kg and g (f) 35ft3 to liter (g) 2.40
Btu/lb ˚ F to J/gm K (h) 37.7 m to inch (i) 9000Ao to nm and m

8) A pressure gauge on a welder’s tank gives a reading of 22.4 psig. The barometric
pressure is 28.6 in. Hg. Calculate the absolute pressure in the tank in (a) lb/ft 2 , (b) in. Hg,
(c) N/m2 , and (d) ft water.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Tutorial: Basic Calculations
Relevant CO: _____
1) Calculate available nitrogen content of commercial ammonium sulphate which is 96%
pure and pure sodium nitrate (100%).

2) A sample of water contains 2000 ppm solids. Express the concentration of solids in the
sample in weight percent.

3) An aqueous solution of K2CO3 is prepared by dissolving 43 gm K2CO3 in 100 gm water

at 20 oC. Find molarity, normality and molality of the solution. Take the density of
solution as 1.3 gm/cm3.

4) Cracked gas from a petroleum refinery has the following composition by volume:
methane: 45%, ethane: 10%, ethylene : 25%, propane:7%, propylene:8%, n-butane: 5%.
Determine (i) average molar mass of the gas mixture, (b) the composition by mass and (c)
density of the gas mixture at 101.325 KPa pressure and 273 K.

5) A weight of 1.20 kg of Carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 35 liter at 300 K. Using the
Van der Waals equation of state, determine the pressure.

Data: For CO2 , take a = 3.60 [(m3)2-kPa]/(kmol)2 and b = 4.3 X 10-2 m3/kmol

6) Do as instructed:

a) Calculate kg atoms of carbon which weighs 72 kg.

b) Calculate kg of sodium for which amount is specified as 3 kilo atoms.
c) Find the equivalent weight of Na3PO4.
d) How many kg of ethane are there in 210 k mol?
e) Find the moles of K2CO3 that contain 117 kg of K.
f) Find kg of ethane that contains 4 atom of carbon.
g) How many carbons are present in 64 kg methane?
7) A gas mixture contains 0.274 kmol of HCl, 0.337 kmol of nitrogen and 0.089 kmol of
oxygen. Calculate average molecular weight of gas mixture, volume occupied by this
mixture at 405.3 kPa and 30 oC and density of gas mixture. Also determine partial
pressure of each component at 405.3 kPa and 35 oC.

8) A mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at 298 K and 101.325 kPa has an average
molecular weight of 31. Calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen.
 9) Sulfur trioxide (SO3) can be absorbed in sulfuric acid solution to form a more
concentrated sulfuric acid. If the gas to be absorbed contains 55% SO3 , 41% N2 , 3%
SO2, and 1% O2 : i) How many parts per million of O2 are there in the gas? ii) What is the
composition of the gas on an N2 -free basis?

10) Two engineers are calculating the average molecular weight of a gas mixture containing
oxygen and other gases. One of them uses the correct molecular weight of 32 for oxygen
and determines the average molecular weight as 39.2. The other uses an incorrect value
of 16 and determines the average molecular weight as 32.8. This is the only error in the
calculations. (a) Calculate the volume % of nitrogen in the flue gas, (b) If the remaining
components of the flue gases are CO2 and O2, determine the volume % each of them.

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Marks
 Tutorial: Material Balance without Chemical Reaction
Relevant CO: _____
1) A mixed acid is to be prepared from the spent acid, 99% H2SO4, 95% HNO3. Determine
the a) Mass of sulphuric acid, nitric acid and water required to convert 1000 kg of spent
acid containing 40% H2SO4, 20%HNO3 and 40% H2O. To a mixed acid containing 50%
H2SO4, 40%HNO3 and 10% H2O. b) The mass of water which must be evaporated from
the 1000 kg of spent acid to produce a mixed acid containing 66% of H 2SO4, 33% of
HNO3 and 1% of H2O. All percentages are by weight.

2) Slab of building boards containing16% moisture. They are dried to a water content of
0.5% by circulating hot air over them. The fresh air contains 0.02 kg of water vapor per
kg of dry air. The exhaust air contains 0.09 kg of water vapor per kg of dry air.
Determine the quantity of fresh air required per 1000 kg/hr of net dry board. If fresh air is
supplied at 301 K and 101.325 KPa.

3) A gas mixture containing 15 mole% ‘A’ and 85 mole% inert is fed to an absorption tower
where it is contacted with liquid solvent ‘B’ which absorbs ‘A’. The mole ratio of solvent
to gas entering the tower is 2:1. The gas leaving the absorber contains 2.5% ‘A’, 1.5%
‘B’ and rest inert on a mole basis. Calculate (a) the percentage of the original solute ‘A’
that remains unrecovered (b) the fraction of solvent (‘B’) fed to the tower lost in gas
leaving the tower. During the process the same solvent evaporates and gets added in gas
leaving the tower.

4) A multiple effect evaporator system has a capacity of processing one tone per day of
solid caustic soda when it concentrates weak liquor from 4 to 25% (both on weight basis).
When the plant is fed with 5% weak liquor and if it is concentrated to 50% (by weight).
Determine the capacity of the plant in terms of solid caustic soda assuming the water
evaporating capacity to be the same in both cases.

5) In a vessel, the feed components are NaOH, H2O and HCl. The mass fractions of these
components in feed are 0.3, 0.5, 0.2 respectively. The total amount of feed is 800 Kg. At
the product side, the total amount of product is 400 Kg and the amount of H 2O collected
is 300 Kg. The mass ratio of NaOH and HCl is 0.6. Assume that there is no reaction
occurring in the reaction. Determine the amounts of NaOH in product and feed.

6) A solution of ethyl alcohol containing 8.6% alcohol is fed at the rate of 1000 kg/h to a
continuous distillation column. The product (distillate) is a solution containing 95.5%
alcohol. The waste solution from the column carries 0.1% of alcohol. All percentages are
by mass. Estimate (a) the mass flow rates of top and bottom products in kg/h and (b) the
percentage loss of alcohol.
 7) A 100 kg mixture of 27.8% of acetone (A) and 72.2% of chloroform (B) by mass is to be
batch-extracted with a mixed solvent at 298 K (25 °C). The mixed solvent of an unknown
composition is known to contain water (S1) and acetic acid (S2). The mixture of the
original mixture and the mixed solvent is shaken well, allowed to attain equilibrium, and
separated into two layers. The compositions of the two layers are given below.
Composition (Mass %)

Layer A B C D

Upper Layer 7.5 3.5 57.4 31.6

Lower Layer 20.3 67.3 2.8 9.6

Determine (a) the quantities of the two layers, (b) the mass- ratio of the mixed solvent to
the original mixture, and (c) the composition of the mixed solvent (mass basis)

8) A crystallizer is charged with 7500 kg of aqueous solution at 104 °C containing 29.6% by

weight of anhydrous Na2SO4. The solution is then cooled to 20 °C. During this operation
5% of water is lost by evaporation. Glauber salt crystallizes out. Find the yield of
crystals. Data: Solubility at 20 °C = 19.4 g Na2SO4 per 100g water. Mol. Wt of Glauber
salt (Na2SO4.10H2O) = 322.

9) Oil is to be extracted from the meal by a continuous countercurrent extractor. The unit is
charged with 1000 kg/hr meal based on oil-free solids. Untreated meal contains 0.4 kg oil
and 0.025 kg benzene per kg oil free meal. Fresh solvent is benzene containing 1.5% oil
(mass%). The ratio of fresh solvent to the oil fresh meal is kept at 0.665 kg/kg. The solid
meal retains 0.507 kg solution per kg solid. The solution retained by the meal contains
11.83% oil (by mass). Make the complete material balance and find the composition and
amount of overflow from the extractor.

10) A manufacturer of briquettes has a contract to make briquettes for barbecuing that are
guaranteed to not contain over 10% moisture or 10% ash. The basic material used has this
analysis: moisture 12.4%, volatile material 16.6%, carbon 57.5%, and ash 13.5%. To
meet the specifications (at their limits) the manufacturer plans to mix with the base
material a certain amount of petroleum coke that has this analysis: volatile material 8.2%,
carbon 88.7%, and moisture 3.1%. How much petroleum coke must be added per 100 kg
of the base material?

Rubric wise marks obtained:

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Marks
 Tutorial: Material Balance with Chemical Reaction
Relevant CO: _____
1) In a production of chlorine gas by oxidation of hydrochloric acid gas, air is used 30 % in
excess of that theoretically required. Based on 4 kmol HCl, Calculate; (a) The weight
ratio of air to HCl gas in feed. (b) If oxidation is 85% complete, calculate the
composition off product stream on mole basis.

2) A pilot plant reactor was charged with 50 kg of naphthalene and 200 kg (98% by mass)
of H2SO4. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 160oC. The reaction goes to near
completion. The product distribution was found to be 18.6% monosuphonate naphthalene
(MSN) and 81.4% disulphonate naphthalene (DSN). Calculate (a) the quantities of MSN
and DSN products, and (b) the complete analysis of the product.

3) In the BSF oil quench process to manufacture acetylene, pure oxygen and pure methane
are fed to the acetylene burner. The cracked gas from the burner has the following
composition:

H2-56.5%, CH4- 5.2%, C2H4-0.3%, C2H2-7.5%, C3H6-0.5%, CO-25.8%,CO2-4.0% and

O2-0.2% (mole% dry basis). Assume that formation of other compounds, such as
aromatics, is negligible.For 100 kmol cracked gas, calculate (a) methane requirement (b)
Oxygen requirement (c) conversion of methane and yield of acetylene production.

4) Pure methane is completely burned with air in a combustor. The outlet gas from the
combustor is passed through a cooler where some of the moisture is removed. The gas
leaving the cooler contains 0.8335 mol. fraction of Nitrogen. The combustion reaction
taking place is:

CH4 + 2O2 —> CO2 + 2 H2O.

Calculate: Analysis of gas leaving the cooler and weight of water condensed per mole of
methane burnt.

5) The analysis of limestone gives 60% CaCO3, 33.5% MgCO3 and rest inerts. It is treated
with 12% aqueous sulphuric acid by mass to obtain pure CO2. An excess of 15% of the
acid over the stoichiometric amounts is used to ascertain that the reaction goes to
completion. Based on the treatment of 500 kg limestone, calculate: (a) the amount of
100% (by mass) sulphuric acid required, (b) the amount of the residue, (c) the analysis of
the residue left in the vessel, and (d) the moles of CO2 produced.

6) A mixture of pyrites and zinc sulphide ore is burnt in a burner. The mixture contains 75%
pyrites and 25% zinc sulphide ore. The pyrites yield 92% FeS2 and rest gangue. The zinc
 sulphide ore contains 68% ZnS and rest inerts. A sample of cinder yields 3.5% S. 70% of
S in the cinder in the form of SO3, absorbed in it, and the rest is unoxidized FeS2. All
percentages are by weight. Based on 100 kg of mixed charge, calculate: (a) the amount of
cinder formed with its analysis and (b) the percentage of sulphur left in the cinder based
on the total sulphur charged.

7) If 10 kg of C7H16 reacts completely with a stoichiometric quantity of O2, how many kg of

CO2 will be found as a product?

8) Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is manufactured in a semi batch reactor by the action of

glacial acetic acid with chlorine gas at 100 °C in the presence of PCl3 catalyst. MCA thus
formed will further react with chlorine to form dichloroacetic acid (DCA). To prevent the
formation of DCA excess acetic acid is used. A small-scale unit which produces 5000
kg/day MCA, requires 4536 kg/day of chlorine gas. Also, 263 kg/day of DCA is
separated into crystallizer to get almost pure MCA product. Find the % conversion, %
yield of MCA.

9) Calculate the consumption of 96% NaCl and 93% H2SO4 to produce 500 kg of HCl if the
conversion is 92%. The reaction that takes place is as follows:

2 NaCl + H2SO4 ——>Na2SO4 + 2 HCl

10) Tallow is essentially glyceryl tristearate. It is desired to saponify the tallow with caustic
soda. For 100 kg of tallow, calculate (a) the theoretical requirement of caustic soda, and
(b) the amount of glycerine liberated.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Tutorial: Energy Balance
Relevant CO: _____
1) Heat capacity for gaseous SO2 is given by following equation:

Cmp = 43.458 +10.634*10-3 T- 5.945*105/T2

Determine heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kmol pure SO2 from 300 to 1000 K
using the above equation.

2) Using Watson equation, calculate latent heat of vaporization of acetone at 313 K. Data:
Latent heat of acetone at 329.4 K = 29121 kJ/kmol Critical temperature of acetone =
508.1 K.

3) A mixture of aniline and water containing 11.8% by weight of aniline is cooled from 100
°C to 40°C with the help of cooling water. Find the amount of heat removed by cooling
100 kg of mixture. The specific heat Cp can be expressed by the equation. Cp = a + bT +
cT2 ( kcal/kg °C) Where the constants a, b, c are: For aniline: a=1.407, b=2.467×10 -3 , c=
-6.08×10-6 For water: a=0.6741,b=2.8×10-3 , c=8.3×10-6

4) A natural gas has the following composition on mole basis: CH 4 – 84%, C2H6 – 13% and
rest are N2. Calculate the heat to be added to heat 10 kmol of natural gas from 298 K to
523 K using heat capacity data given below:

Cp = a+bT+ cT2 + dT3 in kj/kmol K

Gas a bx103 cx106 dx109

CH4 19.2494 52.1135 11.973 -11.3173

C2H6 5.4129 178.0872 -67.3749 8.7147

N2 29.5909 -5.141 13.1829 -4.968

5) Calculate the standard heat of reaction of the following reaction using std. heat of
formation data.
C5H12(l) + 8 CO2(g) —> 5 CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
 Component ∆Hf0 = kJ/mol @25°C
C5H12 (l) -173.49
CO2 (g) -393.51

H2O (l) -285.83

6) Pure CO is mixed with 100 % excess air and burnt. Only 80% of CO burns. The
reactants are at 100 °C and the products are at 300 °C. Estimate the amount of heat added
or removed per kmol of CO fed to the reactor. Data: Mean molal specific heat between
25 °C and T °C in kJ/kmol K are as follows.

7) A gas mixture has the following composition on mole basis. CH4 = 84, C2H6 = 13% and
N2 = 3%. Calculate the energy to be added to heat the 15 kmol of gas mixture from 298 K
to 523 K using heat capacity data given below.

CP0 = a +bT + cT2 +dT3 where Cp0 is in kJ/kmol K or J/mol K.

Component a b x 103 c x 106 d x 109

CH4(g) 19.25 52.11 11.97 -11.32

C2H6(g) 5.41 178.19 -67.38 8.72

N2(g) 29.59 -5.41 13.18 -4.97

8) Calculate the heat of reaction of the following reaction.

4NH3(g) +5O2(g) —> 4NO(g) +6H2O(g)

Data : Component ∆HfOcal/ gmol

NH3(g) -11020
NO(g) 21570
H2O(g) -57796
9) Calculate the heat of formation of glycerol liquid (C3H8O3) at 298 K from its elements
using Hess’s law. Data: Heat of formation of CO2 (g) = (-393.51 kJ/mol), Heat of
formation of H2O (l) = (-285.83 kJ/mol), Heat of combustion of glycerol liquid at 298 K=
(-1659.10 kJ/mol).

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Tutorial: Fuel and Combustion
Relevant CO: _____
1) The proximate analysis of the coal sample shows moisture 5.3%, VM 24.6 %, FC 49.8 % and
ash 20.3%. The sulphur content of the coal is found to be 0.7%. Calorimeter test gives: gross
calorific value of the coal on dry ash free basis as 24070 kJ/kg. Using the Calderwood
equation, determine the carbon percentage of coal.

2) A sample of fuel oil has a C/H ratio of 9.33 (by mass) and contains sulphur 1.3 % (mass).
The GCV of fuel is 41785kJ/kg at 298.15 K. Determine NCV at 298.15 K.

3) The following are the calorific values of gaseous n-propanol and liquid acetone at 25 °C.
Determine the net calorific value of each using latent heat of water at 25 °C.
Component State CV (kJ/mol)
N propanol Gas -2067.44
Acetone Liquid -1791.21
4) A sample of refinery gas is found to contain, H2 74%, CH4 13.5%, C2H6 7.4%, C3H7 3.6%,
nC4H10 1.2% and nC5H12 0.3%. Calculate GCV and HCV at 25 °C.

5) The Orsat analysis of the flue gases shows CO2 = 12.4%, CO = 3.1%, O2 = 5.4% and N2 =
79.1% by volume. All the hydrogen but only 85% of the carbon in the fuel appears in the flue
gases. Calculate the percent excess air used. Assume that negligible oxygen and nitrogen are
present in the fuel.

6) A furnace is fired with fuel oil. The Orsat analysis of flue gases by volume is as given below:
CO2 = 10.6%, O2 = 6% and N2 = 83.4% Calculate: (a) the percent excess air used and (b) the
C: H ratio in the fuel oil, assuming that the fuel does not contain nitrogen.

7) A producer gas with the composition by volume, 27.3 %CO, 5.4 %CO 2, 0.6 %O2, 66.7 %N2
is burnt with 20% excess air. If the combustion is 98% complete, calculate the composition
by volume of the flue gases.

8) The ultimate analysis of a residual fuel oil (RFO) sample is given as: C: 88.4%, H: 9.4%, and
S: 2.2 % (by weight). It is used as a fuel in a power generating boiler with 25% excess air.
Estimate (a) the theoretical dry air requirement (b) the actual dry air supplied (c) the Orsat
analysis of flue gases.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

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Marks
 Tutorial: Excel based Numerical
Relevant CO: _____
1) Draw the chart of p* vs T and lnp* vs 1/T for n-hexane and n-octane.

A B C

n-hexane 15.8737 2697.55 -48.785

n-octane 15.9798 3127.6 -63.633

2) It is planned to install steel pipe of inside diameter 20 cm. to transfer 33.22 cm/s mollases
having a viscosity of 500 centipoise and a density of 1.6 g/cc .Is the flow rate laminar ,
turbulent or transition ? (a) Check the effect of variation on Reynolds Number value if
diameter is 25 cm or 35 cm and other parameters remain the same. (b) Check the effect of
variation on Reynolds Number value if velocity is halved or doubled and other
parameters remain the same.
3) Cp for gaseous Propane is given as below. Correlate the data with polynomials of
different degree.

Sr. No. Temperature Cp

1 50 34.06

2 100 41.3

3 150 48.79

4 200 56.07

5 273.16 68.74

6 298.15 73.6

7 300 73.93

8 400 94.01

9 500 112.59

10 600 128.7

11 700 142.67

12 800 154.77
 13 900 163.35

14 1000 174.6

15 1100 182.67

16 1200 189.7

17 1300 195.85

18 1400 201.21

19 1500 205.89

4) Liquid mixture containing 45% benzene, 55% toluene is fed into the distillation column.
A product stream leaving top from column (the overhead product) contains 95% benzene
& the bottom product contains 8% benzene.A volumetric flow rate of feed stream of
2000 lph & specific gravity of feed mixture is 0.872. Determine the overhead product
stream & mass flow & composition of the bottom product. If other parameters remain the
same, what will be the composition of bottom products if equimolal feed mixture is used?

Rubric wise marks obtained:

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Marks
 Assignment : Unit and Conversions
Relevant CO: _____
1) Define units and discuss various unit systems.
2) Discuss in brief about the fundamental and derived quantities. Also cite examples for the
same.
3) Enlist major unit conversions for different quantities like force, pressure, length, area etc.

4) Convert and obtain the value of Universal gas constant ( R) in various units.
5) The pressure difference (ΔP) between two ends of a pipe in which a fluid is flowing is a
function of the pipe diameter d, the pipe length /, the fluid velocity u, the fluid density ρ,
and the fluid viscosity μ. Carry out the dimensional analysis.
6) Explain unit operations and unit processes by citing proper examples.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Assignment : Basic Calculations
Relevant CO: _____
1) Define: Equivalent weight, Molarity, Molality, Partial volume, Normality
2) State Avogadro’s law and derive it.
3) Briefly explain ideal gas law.
4) Explain Dalton’s law and derive it.
5) Define Raoult’s law. Enlist the applications and limitations of Raoult’s law?

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Assignment : Material Balance
Relevant CO: _____
1) Describe laws of conservation of mass and energy. Also, explain the importance of these
laws in calculation of material and energy balance.
2) Describe the different methods to solve material balance problems with examples.
3) Describe material balance or following unit operations:
Distillation, Drying, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Evaporator
4) What is the difference between recycling and bypassing operations in the chemical
industry? Discuss the importance of recycling and bypassing operations in the chemical
industry.
5) Explain the following terms with reference to chemical process industries
Process flow diagram, P & I diagram,Degree of freedom,Purging
6) Define “Tie” and “Inert” material with examples.
7) Define: Limiting component, Excess component, Selectivity, Conversion, Yield

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Assignment : Energy Balance
Relevant CO: _____
1) Brief about heat of solution by partial molar quantities
2) Discuss about standard heat of reaction. Also brief the effect of temperature and pressure
on heat of reaction.
3) Brief about the importance of energy balance in the chemical industry.
4) Define and explain: Heat of formation, Heat of Reaction, Heat of Combustion, Latent
heat and Sensible heat
5) Explain: (i) Watson equation and (ii) Riedel equation.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Assignment : Fuel and Combustion
Relevant CO: _____
1) Define combustion. Also give a brief classification of fuels.
2) Discuss in detail about proximate analysis and ultimate analysis.
3) Define and compare GCV and NCV.

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Assignment : Additional Assignment
1) Prepare a short video regarding the construction of P&ID or PFD of a chemical process
as per the international standards used for the preparation of P&ID and PFD in chemical
process industries.

2) Using a psychrometric chart, locate various thermodynamic parameters on it

appropriately using dry Bulb temperature and wet Bulb temperature 25 °C and 20 °C
respectively.
A. Relative Humidity
B. Absolute Humidity or Humidity Ratio
C. Dew Point Temp
D. Specific Volume
E. Enthalpy

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 Total

Marks
 Material and Energy Balance Computations
3130508

Tutorials /Assignments
are prepared by

Dr Shital Amin
Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Department
L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad

Prof. Nikita Ambegaonkar

Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering Department
L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad

Branch Coordinator
Dr. R. K. Mewada
Professor and Head of Chemical Engineering Department
L. E. College, Morbi

Committee Chairman
Dr N M Bhatt
Professor of Mechanical Engineering Department
L. E. College, Morbi