“Summer Research

Internship Title”

A report on the summer research internship carried out by

Student Name
Roll No

At
“Industry/Organization Name”
Under the guidance of
Industry Mentor Name

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor Of Technology

In
The Department of Information & Communication Technology,
SoT, PDEU, Gandhinagar

Department of Information & Communication Technology,

School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University,
Gandhinagar 382 426
 Internship Completion Certificate

*** Replace the below image with the color image of the certificate in high resolution.

Name of the Student:

Roll Number of the Student:
Signature of the Student:

Name of the Supervisor (PDEU):

Designation of the Supervisor:
Signature of the Supervisor:

Place:
Date:

ii
 Acknowledgement
(Below is an exemplary Acknowledgement)

A journey is easier when you travel together. Interdependence is certainly more valuable than
independence. This thesis is the result of work whereby I have been accompanied and supported by
many people. It is a pleasant aspect that I have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of
them.

With immense pleasure I express my sincere gratitude, regards and thanks to my supervisor Dr. H. M.
Gupta for his excellent guidance, invaluable suggestions and continuous encouragement at all the stages
of my research work. His interest and confidence in me was the reason for all the success I have made. I
have been fortunate to have him as my guide as he has been a great influence on me, both as a person
and as a professional.

It was a pleasure to be associated with Embedded Systems and Information and Technology Laboratory
of IIT Delhi, and I would like to thank the entire Laboratory Staff. To acknowledge help taken from
friends is always a joy. I take this opportunity to convey sincere thanks to my class fellows for their
smiles and friendship making the life at IIT Delhi enjoyable and memorable.

The chain of my gratitude would be definitely incomplete if I would forget to thank the first cause of this
chain, using Aristotle's words, The Prime Mover for showering His blessings on me always.

(Name of the Student)

iii
 Abstract
(Below is an exemplary Abstract)

The explosive growth of wireless networks, ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and
Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) to Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) indicates the
beginning of “the wireless revolution”. The proliferation of mobile computing and communication
devices like cell phones, handheld digital devices, personal digital assistants, laptops or wearable
computers is driving a revolutionary change in our information society. We are moving from the
Personal Computer age (i.e., a single computing device per person) to the Ubiquitous Computing age in
which a user simultaneously utilizes several electronic platforms through which he can access all the
required information whenever and wherever needed.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become increasingly important as they provide ubiquitous
connectivity which is not available with traditional fixed infrastructure networks. Such networks,
consisting of potentially highly mobile nodes, have provided new challenges due to the unique
characteristics of the wireless medium and the dynamic nature of the network topology. They require
robust, adaptive communication protocols that can handle the unique challenges of these multihop
networks smoothly. The TCP has been widely deployed as transport layer protocol on a multitude of
internet works including the Internet, for providing reliable end-to-end data delivery. It is naturally
viewed as the de facto reliable transport protocol for use in MANETs. As in the Internet it is desirable
that TCP must provide reliable data transfer services for communication within wireless networks and
also between wireless networks and wired Internet. However, assumptions made during TCP
development reflected characteristics of the prevalent wired infrastructure of networks at the time and
subsequently leads to sub-optimal performance when used in wireless ad hoc environments as observed
in the simulation results. Transport protocol in an ad hoc network must handle mobility-induced
disconnection and reconnection, route change-induced packet out-of-order delivery for mobile hosts,
and error/contention-prone wireless transmissions. Modifying TCP to improve its performance in
wireless networks has been a long-standing research problem. Many methods have been proposed to
improve TCP's performance in MANETs. Among them Ad hoc TCP (ADTCP) uses an end-to-end
approach which is easy to implement and deploy since it requires minimal changes at the sender and
receiver, provides the flexibility for backward compatibility and is TCP-friendly. To further improve
the performance of ADTCP we consider following: ensure sufficient bandwidth utilization of the
iv
sender-receiver path, avoid the overloading of network and check for incipient congestion and take
appropriate actions. For this we limit TCP’s congestion widow below the BDP-UB (Upper Bound of
BDP) of sender-receiver path, i.e its maximum packet carrying capacity.

The project is an attempt to improve the performance of ADTCP in MANETs by estimating the
optimum window size and then setting congestion window limit to an optimum value.

v
 INDEX

Title Page No.

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

Index iii

List of Figures iv

List of Tables vi

Nomenclature viii

1 About the Industry

2 Motivation & Objective

3 Work Progress & Timeline

4 Problem Statement & Introduction

5 Methodologies & Internship activities

6 Results & Discussions

7 Skills Development

8 Future works & Conclusion

References

Appendix

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

No. No.

3.1 Hardware Design 7

4.1 Software Flowchart 15

vii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
No. No.

3.1 Power Consumption of Hardware Components 2

4.1 Simulation Parameters 24

viii
 Abbreviations & Nomenclature

A Energy level indicator

B Bottom product rate, kmol/hr

Greek

θ Root of Underwood equation

α Relative volatility

λ Latent heat of vaporization, kcal/kmol

Difference

ε Energy change indicator

Subscripts

min Minimum

i Any component

Abbreviations

CGCC Column Grand Composite Curves

IRS Invariant Rectifying Stripping

CMO Constant Molar Overflow

ix
Chapter 1
About the Industry (2 Pages)
1.1 Introduction
Infosys is a global leader in next-generation digital services and consulting. We enable clients in
more than 50 countries to navigate their digital transformation. With over four decades of
experience in managing the systems and workings of global enterprises, we expertly steer our
clients through their digital journey. We do it by enabling the enterprise with an AI-powered core
that helps prioritize the execution of change. We also empower the business with agile digital at
scale to deliver unprecedented levels of performance and customer delight. Our always-on learning
agenda drives their continuous improvement through building and transferring digital skills,
expertise, and ideas from our innovation ecosystem.

1.2 Background
In 1981, seven engineers started Infosys Limited with just US$250. From the beginning, the
company was founded on the principle of building and implementing great ideas that drive
progress for clients and enhance lives through enterprise solutions. For over four decades, we have
been a company focused on bringing to life great ideas and enterprise solutions that drive progress
for our clients.

1.3 Insights
Infosys has a growing global presence with over 300,000 employees. Globally, we have
operations spread across 50+ countries. At Infosys, we believe our responsibilities extend beyond
business. That is why we established the Infosys Foundation – to provide assistance to some of
the more socially and economically depressed sectors of the communities in which we work.
And that is why we behave ethically and honestly in all our interactions – with our clients, our
partners, and our employees.

1
Chapter 2
Motivation & Objective

2
Chapter 3
Work progress & Timeline

3
Chapter 4
Problem statement & Introduction

4
Chapter 5
Methodology & Internship Activities

5
Chapter 6
Results & Discussion

6
Chapter 7
Skill Development

7
Chapter 8
Future work & Conclusion

8
 References
(Must be as per the prescribed format)

● If you have used content from book or from any article or from Internet in your report, list it here in

References and cite them giving this reference number in square bracket wherever the content is
used in the report.

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Books
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[1] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of
Publisher, Country if not USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch.x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
NOTE: Use et al. when three or more names are given.

Examples:
[1] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
[2] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp.
55-70.
[3] R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G.
Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.
[4] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Applied
Mathematics Series 55). Washington, DC: NBS, 1964, pp. 32-33.

Handbooks
Basic Format:
[1] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, year, pp. xx-
xx.

Examples:
[1] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston Salem, NC,
1985, pp. 44–60.
9
[2] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ,
1989.
[3] RCA Receiving Tube Manual, Radio Corp. of America, Electronic Components and Devices,
Harrison, NJ, Tech.Ser. RC-23, 1992.

Reports
The general form for citing technical reports is to place the name and location of the company or
institution after the author and title and to give the report number and date at the end of the reference.

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[1] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Rep. xxx, year.

Examples:
[1] E. E. Reberet al., “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles,
CA, Tech. Rep. Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
[2] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res.
Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
[3] R. E. Haskell and C. T. Case, “Transient signal propagation in lossless isotropic plasmas,” USAF
Cambridge Res. Labs., Cambridge, MA, Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.
[4] M. A. Brusberg and E. N. Clark, “Installation, operation, and data evaluation of an oblique-
incidence ionosphere sounder system,” in “Radio Propagation Characteristics of the Washington-
Honolulu Path,” Stanford Res. Inst., Stanford, CA, Contract NOBSR-87615, Final Rep., Feb.
1995, vol. 1.

Conference Basic
Format:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Unabbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if
given), year, pp. xxx-xxx.

For an electronic conference article when there are no page numbers:

10
[1] J. K. Author [two authors: J. K. Author and A. N. Writer ] [three or more authors: J. K. Author et
al.], “Title of Article,” in [Title of Conf. Record as it appears on the copyright page], [copyright
year] © [IEEE or applicable copyright holder of the Conference Record]. doi: [DOI number]

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Abbrev. State, year.

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[1] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

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[1] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, July 16, 1990.

NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.

Standards
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[1] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.

Examples:
[1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[2] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

Theses (M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)

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[1] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev.
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Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

11
Examples:
[1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ.,
Cambridge, MA, 1993.
[2] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S.
thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
[3] N. M. Amer, “The effects of homogeneous magnetic fields on developments of
triboliumconfusum,” Ph.D. dissertation, Radiation Lab., Univ. California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep.
16854, 1995.
[4] C. Becle, These de doctoral d’etat, Univ. Grenoble, Grenoble, France, 1968.

Unpublished
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[2] Y. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.

Periodicals
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[1] J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev.
Month, year.

Examples:
[1] R. E. Kalman, “New results in linear filtering and prediction theory,” J. Basic Eng., ser. D, vol.
83, pp. 95-108, Mar. 1961.
[2] E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German),
Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.
[3] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag..., to be published.**

12
[4] C. K. Kim, “Effect of gamma rays on plasma,” submitted for publication. **
[5] W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications,” Proc. IEEE vol. 82,
pp. 636-640, May 1994.

13
 Appendix
(if applicable)

● Use font Times New Roman and Size 14 for chapter title and subtitles.

● Use Content font size 12.

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