e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

†K›`ªxq cÖeYZvi cwigvc

Measures of Central Tendency
5
f‚wgKv
c~e© BDwbU †_‡K Avgiv Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †R‡bwQ| Z_¨mg~‡ni Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb QvovI
msL¨vZ¥K we‡kølY Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| msL¨vMZ we‡kølY Rvb‡Z Z_¨ivwki GKwU cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix msL¨v Rvbv `iKvi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix msL¨v †ei Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| †hgb, Mo, ga¨K I cÖPziK BZ¨vw` cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix
Z_¨gvb| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix msL¨v wbY©q c×wZ A_©vr †K›`ªxq cÖeYZv wbY©q c×wZmg~n wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-5.1 : †K›`ªxq cÖeYZv Ges Gi cwigvc
cvV-5.2 : ga¨gv I Gi cwigvc
cvV-5.3 : cÖPziK I Gi cwigvc
cvV-5.4 : PZz_©K, `kgK I kZgK

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 51
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

†K›`ªxq cÖeYZv Ges Gi cwigvc

cvV-5.1 Mean and its measurements

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

• M‡oi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
• M‡oi cÖKvi‡f` wjL‡Z cvi‡eb;
• M‡oi myweav I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mo: Mo ej‡Z Avgiv Ggb GKwU cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix msL¨v‡K eywS hv msM„nxZ Z‡_¨i †gvUvgywU ga¨we›`y ev †K›`ª
we›`y‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i| Mo wZb cÖKvi-
1| MvwYwZK Mo (Arithmetic Mean)
2| ¸wYZK Mo (Geometric Mean)
3| Zi½ Mo (Harmonic mean)
1| MvwYwZK Mo (Arithmetic Mean): MwY‡Zi m~Î e¨envi K‡i Mo cwigvc Kiv‡K MvwYwZK Mo e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î
Mo wbY©‡q cÖvß Z_¨‡K msL¨v evwb‡q MvwYwZK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq| aiv hvK x1, x2 ...... xn; n wU Z_¨ i‡q‡Q|
AZGe M‡oi msÁvbymv‡i Z_¨ mg~‡ni †hvMdj‡K Z_¨msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h gvb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Mo e‡j|
K. A‡kªYxK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K Mo wbY©q:
i) mivmwi c×wZ :
Z_¨mg~‡ni mgwó
Z_¨mg~‡ni Mo = Z_¨ msL¨v
GLb, MvwYwZK Mo‡K Avgiv wbgœiƒ‡c msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z cvwi-
x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + .... + x n
MvwYwZK Mo, AM=
n
x 1 + x 2 + .... + x n
MvwYwZK Mo‡K x Øviv cÖKvk Ki‡j MvwYwZK Mo, x =
n
n

∑x i n
AZGe, x = i =1

n
; ∑x
i =1
i ; [i=1, 2 ,....., n]

GLv‡b, ∑ (mv‡gkb) GKwU MÖxK eY©, hv †hvMdj cÖKvk K‡i|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 52
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

A‡kÖwYK…Z Z‡_¨i MvwYwZK Mo|

D`vniY-1
wb‡P 10 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^i †`qv nj| MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q Kiæb|
QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cÖvß b¤^i (X) t 20,30,35,37,47, 50, 55, 32, 26, 25

mgvavb t MvwYwZK M‡oi msÁv Abyhvqx x = ∑

x
n
_ 20+30+35+37+47+ 50+ 55+32+26+25
x = 10
320
= 10
= 35.7
AZGe, MvwYwZK Mo nj 35.7
ii) mswÿß c×wZ:
hw` Z_¨gvjvq Z_¨msL¨v A‡bK †ewk nq A_ev msL¨v ¸‡jv A‡bK eo nq †mme †ÿ‡Î Mo wbY©q †ek RwUj nq
Ges mgq I †ewk jv‡M| Gme †ÿ‡Î mswÿß c×wZ‡Z Mo wbY©q Kiv nq|
mswÿß c×wZ‡Z Mo wbY©q:
1| cÖ_‡g GKwU AvbygvwbK msL¨v ev AvbygvwbK Mo ev Z_¨ mvwii ga¨¯’v‡b †h msL¨vwU Ae¯’vb K‡i †mUv‡K
Kíbvq Avb‡Z n‡e|
2| cÖwZ Z_¨msL¨v †_‡K D³ msL¨vwU we‡qvM K‡i cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| cÖvß Z_¨¸wj †hvM K‡i †gvU Z_¨ msL¨v msL¨v w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| Gi ci cÖvß Z‡_¨i mv‡_ KwíZ Mo ev AvbygvwbK Mo †hvM Ki‡j Mo cvIqv hv‡e|

mswÿß c×wZ‡Z MvwYwZK M‡oi myÎwU nj x = A + ∑

(x i - A)
; [ i = 1,2, ..... , n ]
n
†hLv‡b A = AvbygvwbK Mo
xi = Z_¨ mvwii gvb
n = †gvU Z_¨ msL¨v

D`vniY-2: wb‡P 10 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^i †`qv nj| mswÿß c×wZ‡Z MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q
Kiæb|
QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cÖvß b¤^i (X) t 20,30,35,37,47, 50, 55, 32, 26, 25

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 53
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

mgvavb: Avgiv mswÿß M‡oi m~ÎwU †_‡K cvB, x = A + ∑

(x i - A)
; [i= 1,2,……,10]
n
Xi X i - A (50)
20 -30
30 -20
35 -15
37 -13
47 -3
50(A) 0
55 5
32 -18
26 -24
25 -25
∑ (X i - A) =-143

Mo, x = A + ∑
(x i - A)
n
− 143
=50+
10
=50-14.3
=35.7
∴wb‡Y©q Mo = 35.7
L. †kÖwYK…Z ev NUbmsL¨v wb‡ekb Z_¨ †_‡K Mo wbY©q:
i) mivmwi c×wZ:
Z_¨mg~n hw` A‡bK nq A_©vr 30 Gi Dc‡i nq ZLb mivmwi Mo wbY©q Kiv KwVb Gme †ÿ‡Î NUb msL¨vweb¨vm
AvKv‡i Z_¨‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq| GB mwbœ‡ewkZ Z_¨‡K †kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ ejv nq|

†kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K Mo wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU nj, x = ∑

f i xi n

N
; [ i = 1,2, ..... , n ], N = ∑ fi
i =1

†hLv‡b fi=NUbmsL¨v
xi= Z_¨msL¨v
N= †gvU Z_¨msL¨v

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 54
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

D`vniY-3
†Kvb cixÿvq 60 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb wb‡¤œ †`qv n‡jvÑ MvwYwZK Mo
wbY©q Kiæb|
b¤^‡ii †kªwY e¨eavb MYmsL¨v
10-20 2
20-30 5
30-40 9
40-50 19
50-60 15
60-70 7
70-80 2
80-90 1
mgvavb
MvwYwZK Mo wbY©‡qi mviYx
†kªwY e¨eavb ga¨gvb (X) QvÎ-QvÎx msL¨v (ƒi) fixi
10-20 15 2 30
20-30 25 5 125
30-40 35 9 325
40-50 45 19 855
50-60 55 15 825
60-70 65 7 455
70-80 75 2 150
80-90 85 1 85
Ν=Σƒi = 60 Σ fixi = 2840
_ 2840
Σƒ X
MvwYwZK Mo X = Ni i = ∴N=Σƒi
60
= 47.33
wb‡Y©q Mo = 47.33

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 55
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

ii) mswÿß c×wZ

†kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K mswÿß c×wZ‡Z Mo wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU nÔj,

x=A +
∑f d i i
× c; [i = 1,2, ....., N]
N
†hLv‡b, x = †hvwRZ Mo
A= AvbygvwbK Mo
c= †kÖwY e¨vwß
xi - A
d=
c
f= cÖwZ †kÖwYi NUbmsL¨v
N= ∑ fi =NUb msL¨vi †hvMdj
D`vniY-4: †Kvb cixÿvq 60 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb wb‡¤œ †`qv n‡jvÑ
mswÿß c×wZ‡Z MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q Kiæb|
‡kªYx e¨eavb QvÎ-QvÎx msL¨v (fi)
10-20 2
20-30 5
30-40 9
40-50 19
50-60 15
60-70 7
70-80 2
80-90 1

mgvavb: Z_¨wU †kÖwYK„Z| Mo wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e gvb¸‡jv †ei Ki‡Z n‡e:
‡kªYx e¨eavb ga¨gvb (xi) QvÎ-QvÎx msL¨v x -A f i di
di= i
(f ) i c
10-20 15 2 -4 -8
20-30 25 5 -3 -15
30-40 35 9 -2 -18
40-50 45 19 -1 -19
50-60 55=A 15 0 0
60-70 65 7 1 7
70-80 75 2 2 4
80-90 85 1 3 3
Ν=Σƒi = 60 ∑fidi=-46

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 56
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

x = A+ xC
x =55+ x 10
=55+(-7.67)
=55-7.67
=47.33
∴wb‡Y©q Mo = 47.33
MvwYwZK M‡oi ˆewkó¨ : MvwYwZK M‡oi ˆewkó¨¸wj wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:
i) cÖwZwU Z_¨ †_‡K Z‡_¨i M‡oi wePz¨wZi †hvMdj ÒïY¨Ó m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡j Avgiv cvB-
n

∑ (xi - x ) = 0 ,
i =l
x =Z_¨mg~‡ni Mo|

ii) MvwYwZK Mo g~j we›`y I gvcbxi Dci wbf©ikxj|

hw` X1, X2, .........Xn; n wU Z_¨ nq Ges cÖwZwU Z_¨ †_‡K g~j we›`y we‡qvM Ges gvcbx w`‡q fvM Ki‡j bZzb †h
Z_¨ Avgiv cvB †mB Z‡_¨i Mo g~jI gvcbxi Dci wbf©ikxj G †ÿ‡Î Mo x =a+ u h; a=gyj
h= gvcbx Ges u = bZzb Z_¨i Mo
k + k + ..... + k nk
iii) aªæeK msL¨vi Mo me©`v aªæeK| n wU k msL¨vi Mo = = =k
n n

MvwYwZK M‡oi myweav:

• MvwYwZK Mo mnR cwigvcK|
• A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K mn‡R MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q Kiv hvq|
• MvwYwZK Mo exRMvwYwZK cÖwµqv Av‡iv‡ci Dc‡hvMx|
• MvwYwZK M‡oi e¨envi me©vwaK|
• bgybvi ZviZg¨ n‡jI MvwYwZK Mo Kg cÖfvweZ nq|

Amyweav:
• Z_¨‡m‡U cÖvšÍxq gvb _vK‡j MvwYwZK Mo cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix nq bv|
• cÖvšÍ †Lvjv web¨v‡mi MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq
• MÖv‡di gva¨‡g MvwYwZK Mo wbY©q Kiv hvq bv|

e¨envi:
e¨envwiK Rxe‡b MvwYwZK M‡oi e¨envi we¯Z…Z| ZvQvov e¨envwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZ †ÿ‡ÎB MvwYwZK M‡oi e¨envi
Ab¯^xKvh©| †hgb, gvwmK Mo Avq, Mo †jb‡`b, †Kv¤úvwbi wnmve-wbKvk, †Kvb c‡Y¨i Mo Avg`vbx ißvbxi I
c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v BZ¨vw`‡Z MvwYwZK Mo e¨envi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv hvq|

2| ¸wYZK ev R¨vwgwZK Mo (Geometric Mean): ¸wYZK Mo †K›`ªxq cÖeYZvi GKwU we‡kl cwigvcK|
mvaviYZ AvbycvwZK wnmve, kZKiv wnmve Ges cwieZ©‡bi nv‡ii †ÿ‡Î ¸wYZK Mo e¨envi Dc‡hvMx| ZvQvov

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 57
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

A_©‰bwZK I evwYwR¨K Z_¨ we‡kølY †hgb m~PK msL¨v wbY©‡q ¸wYZK Mo e¨envi Kiv nq| ¸wYZK M‡oi msÁv
Abymv‡i Avgiv cvB:
K. A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K ¸wYZK Mo wbY©q:
Ak~Y¨ abvZ¥K n msL¨K Z‡_¨i ¸Yd‡ji n Zg g~j‡K H Z‡_¨i ¸wYZK Mo e‡j A_©vr ¸wYZK Mo
GM = n x 1 .x 2 .x 3 ........x n
1
= ( x 1 .x 2 .x 3 ........x n ) n

Dfq cv‡k¦© log wb‡j cvB-

log(x1.x 2 ......x n )
log(G.M) =
n
logx 1 + logx 2 + ...... + logx n
=
n
x

∑ logx ; i
= i =1
[i = 1,2.........n ]
n
x

∑ logx ; i
GM=Antilog i =1
[ i = 1,2,.........n ]
n

D`vniY-5 : GB cv‡Vi D`vniY-1 Gi D‡jøwLZ 10 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^i †_‡K R¨vwgwZK
Mo wbY©q Kiæb|
QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cÖvß b¤^i (X) t 20,30,35,37,47, 50, 55, 32, 26, 25
mgvavb t
X log X
20 1.301
30 1.477
35 1.544
37 1.568
47 1.672
50 1.699
55 1.740
32 1.505
26 1.415
25 1.398
N=10 Σlogxi=15.319

∴ GM. = Antilog  n 
Σlogx
 
15.319
= Antilog 10

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 58
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

= Anti log (1.5319)

= 34.033
∴ wb‡Y©q R¨vwgwZK Mo = 34.033
L. †kÖwYK…Z Z_¨mg~‡ni ¸wYZK Mo wbY©q: hw` †Kv‡bv PjK x1, x2, ...., xn Gi MYmsL¨v h_vµ‡g f1, f2, ...., fn nq,
Z‡e Zv‡`i R¨vwgwZK Mo n‡e....|

hw` xi, i-Zg †kÖwYi ga¨we›`y Ges NUbmsL¨v fi nq Zvn‡j ¸wYZK Mo‡K wbgœfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq,
1
 f f f f N n
¸wYZK Mo (†kÖwYK…Z Z‡_¨i), GM=  x 1 x 2 x 3 ......x n  ; N= ∑ fi; [ i = 1,2,.....n ]
 1 2 3 n i =1

 f f f f 
log x 1 x 2 x 3 ......x n 
1 2 3 n
∴log GM =  [ Dfq c‡ÿi logarithm wb‡q]
N

f1logx 1 + f 2 logx 2 + ..... + f n logx n

=
N
n

∑ fi logx ; i
= i =1
[ i = 1,2,........., N ]
N
n

∑ fi logx
i =1
i
GM =Antilog [ i = 1,2,........., N ]
N

D`vniY-6 : GB cv‡Vi D`vniY-3 Gi D‡jøwLZ 60 Rb QvÎxi cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb mviwY †_‡K
R¨vwgwZK Mo wbY©q Kiæb|
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY e¨eavb MYmsL¨v
10-20 2
20-30 5
30-40 9
40-50 19
50-60 15
60-70 7
70-80 2
80-90 1

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 59
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

mgvavb
RvwgwZK Mo wbY©‡qi mviwY
†kªwY ga¨gvb xi MYmsL¨v ƒi log xi ƒi log xi
e¨eavb
10-20 15 2 1.1761 2.3522
20-30 25 5 1.3979 6.9895
30-40 35 9 1.5441 13.8965
40-50 45 19 1.6532 31.4108
50-60 55 15 1.7404 26.1060
60-70 65 7 1.8129 12.6903
70-80 75 2 1.8751 3.7502
80-90 85 1 1.9294 1.9294
Σƒi = 60 Σƒi log xi=99.1253

= Anti log  ∑
 fi log xi 
R¨vwgwZK Mo GM. 
N 
 

= Anti log 
99.1253
 60 
= Anti log (1.652088)
= 44.883
∴ wb‡Y©q R¨vwgwZK Mo = 44.883
¸wYZK M‡oi myweav:
¸wYZK M‡oi myweav ¸wj wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
• ¸wYZK M‡oi msÁv h‡_ó ¯úó
• Z_¨mg~‡ni kZKiv nvi, AbycvZ BZ¨vw`i †ÿ‡Î ¸wYZK Mo e¨envi mnR‡eva¨
• ¸wYZK Mo bgybv ZviZg¨ Øviv †Zgb cÖfvweZ bq
• myPK msL¨v ˆZwi‡Z ¸wYZK Mo e¨envi nq
¸wYZK M‡oi Amyweav:
¸wYZK M‡oi Amyweav¸wj wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
• MvwYwZK wel‡q Ávb bv _vK‡j ¸wbZK Mo wbY©q Kiv KwVb
• Z_¨ gv‡bi g‡a¨ ïY¨ I FYvZ¥K gvb _vK‡j ¸wbZK Mo wbY©q Kiv hvq bv|

3| Zi½ Mo (Harmonic Mean): Zi½ Mo †K›`ªxq cÖeYZv cwigv‡ci Avi GKwU we‡kl cwigvcK| KZK¸‡jv
we‡kl †ÿÎ †hgb, †kqvi cÖwZ Avq, UvKv cÖwZ cY¨ µ‡qi cwigvb, cÖwZ N›Uvq `yiZ¡ AwZµg BZ¨vw` ai‡bi
Z‡_¨i Mo wbY©‡q Zi½ Mo we‡klfv‡e Dc‡hvMx| Zi½ M‡oi msÁv wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 60
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

K. A‡kªYxK„Z Z‡_¨i Zi½Mo wbY©q:

Z_¨ gvb mg~‡ni Dëb gvb¸‡jvi MvwYwZK M‡oi Dëb‡K Zi½ Mo e‡j| hw` x1, x2, .....xn; n wU Aïb¨ Z_¨ nq
Zvn‡j Zi½ M‡oi msÁvbyhvqx cvB-
1 1 1
+ + ........ +
1 1 1 x x2 xn
Z_¨mg~‡ni Dëb gvb, , ,........ Gi MvwYwZK Mo= 1 Gi Dëb dj‡K Zi½
x1 x 2 xn n
Mo e‡j|
n n
A_©vr HM = = ; [ i = 1,2,.....n ]
1 1 1 
n
1
 + + .... +  ∑
i =1 x i
 x1 x 2 xn 
n
∴Zi½ Mo, HM n
; [ i = 1,2,.....n ]
1
∑
i =1 x i

D`vniY-7
GB cv‡Vi D`vniY-1 G ewY©Z 10 Rb QvÎ-QvÎxi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cÖvß b¤^i †_‡K Zi½ Mo †ei Kiæb|
QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cÖvß b¤^i (X) t 20, 30,35,37,47, 50, 55, 32, 26, 25
mgavb t
msÁvbyhvqx Zi½ Mo
10
H.M = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + + + +
20 30 35 37 47 50 55 32 26 25
10
=
0.3077
= 32.49
∴ wb‡Y©q Zi½ Mo = 32.49

L. †kÖwYK„Z Z‡_¨i Zi½ Mo wbY©q:

†kÖwYK…Z wb‡ek‡bi †ÿ‡Î A_©vr n msL¨K gvb‡K hw` n †kÖwY wewkó NUbmsL¨v wb‡ek‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq A_©vr
hw` i Zg †kÖwYi ga¨gvb xi Ges Zvi NUbmsL¨v fi nq, Zvn‡j Zi½ M‡oi msÁvbymv‡i cvB-
N
HM=
f1 f 2 f
+ + ..... + n
x1 x 2 xn
k
N
= n
; N= ∑ fi; [ i = 1,2..........N ]
fi
∑
i =1 x i
i =1

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 61
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

D`vniY-8 GB cv‡Vi D`vniY-3 Gi ewY©Z 60 Rb QvÎ-QvÎx cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb mviwY †_‡K Zi½ Mo
†ei Kiæb|
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY e¨eavb MYmsL¨v
10-20 2
20-30 5
30-40 9
40-50 19
50-60 15
60-70 7
70-80 2
80-90 1
mgvavb t Zi½ Mo wbY©‡qi mviYx
‡kªYx e¨eavb ga¨gvb Xi MYmsL¨v ƒi ƒi
Xi
10-20 15 2 0.13333
20-30 25 5 0.20000
30-40 35 9 0.25714
40-50 45 19 0.42222
50-60 55 15 0.27272
60-70 65 7 0.10769
70-80 75 2 0.02666
80-90 85 1 0.01176
N=Σƒi = 60 ƒi
Σ Xi = 1.43155

60
∴ HM = 1.43155 = 41.913

∴ wb‡Y©q Zi½ Mo = 41.913

Zi½ M‡oi myweav:

Zi½ M‡oi myweav¸wj wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:
• Zi½ Mo mKj Z_¨gv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wbY©q Kiv nq|
• GwU bgybv ZviZg¨ Øviv †Zgb cÖfvweZ nq bv|
• †kqvi cÖwZ Avq, UvKv cÖwZ cY¨ µ‡qi cwigvc, cÖwZ N›Uvq AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ cÖf„wZ †ÿ‡Î Zi½ Mo e¨envi
myweav RbK|
• Zi½ Mo MvwYwZK cwiMYbvq Dc‡hvMx|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 62
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

Amyweav: Zi½ M‡oi Amyweav:

• Z_¨‡m‡Ui †Kv‡bv gvb k~b¨ n‡j G Mo wbY©q Kiv hvq bv|
• Zi½ M‡oi myÎ eyS‡Z Amyweav nq|
• A_©‡bwZK we‡køl‡Y Zi½ Mo Gi e¨envi mxwgZ|

fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo (Weighted mean): Z_¨‡m‡Ui gvb¸‡jvi cÖav‡b¨i ZviZg¨ _vK‡j cÖwZwU gvb‡K Dch©y³ fvi †`qv
nq| ZviZg¨gy³ cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Mo †c‡Z n‡j cÖwZwU Z_¨gvb‡K Zvi fvi w`‡q ¸Y Kiv nq| AZci Zv‡`i mgwó‡K ¸iæZ¡
mg~‡ni mgwó w`‡q fvM Ki‡j †h gvb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo ejv nq| fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU
m~Î msÁvbyhvqx wjL‡Z cvwi-

fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo †K x w Øviv cÖKvk Ki‡j x w =

∑ ( w × x)
∑w
†hLv‡b w = cÖwZwU Z‡_¨i ¸iæ‡Z¡i gvb
x = cÖwZwU Z‡_¨i gvb

D`vniY-9: aiv hvK wZb ai‡bi kªwgK `yB ai‡bi Drcv`b m¤úv`b K‡i‡Q| Drcv`‡bi Z_¨ wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:
kªwg‡Ki aib N›Uvq Avq (UvKvq) Drcv`b
Drcv`b-1 Drcv`b-2
A`ÿ 40 1 4
Aa©`ÿ 60 2 3
`ÿ 90 5 3

mgvavb: Z_¨¸wj‡K mvwR‡q wjL‡j cvB

kªwg‡Ki aiY N›Uvq Avq Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
A`ÿ 40 Drcv`b-1 Drcv`b-2 1 2 5
(40 × + 60 × + 90 ×
x 1w = 8 8 8 = 76.25 =76.25
1 4
1 2 5 1
A`©`ÿ 60 8 10 ( + + )
8 8 8
2 3 4 3 3
(40 × + 60 × + 90 ×
`ÿ 90 8 10
x 2w = 10 10 10 = 61 =61
5 3 4 3 3 1
+ +
8 10 10 10 10

∴kªwg‡Ki cÖwZ N›Uvq Drcv`b-1 Gi fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo, x 1w =76.25 UvKv Ges Drcv`b-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î fvi Av‡ivwcZ Mo
x 2w =61 UvKv|

mvims‡ÿc:
Z_¨ wek¦ †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨mg~n †K‡›`ªi †Kvb GKwU gv‡bi w`‡K hvIqvi cÖeYZv _v‡K| ZvB Z‡_¨i G cÖeYZv‡K
†K›`ªxq cÖeYZv e‡j| G cv‡V ïaygvÎ AM.; GM.; HM Ges WM wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 63
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

ga¨gv I Gi cwigvc
cvV-5.2 Median and its Measurement

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

• ga¨gvi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
• ga¨gvi cwigvc c×wZ/eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †kªwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K ga¨gvi cwigvc wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wewfbœ MÖvd †_‡K ga¨gvi cwigvc Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• ga¨gvi myweav, Amyweav I e¨envi wjL‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ga¨gv (Median)
ga¨gv ej‡Z Z_¨mvwii me© ga¨¯’v‡b Ae¯’vbK…Z Z_¨gvb‡K eySvq| Z_¨mg~n‡K gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j me‡P‡q
ga¨ ¯’v‡b †h Z_¨gvbwU _v‡K Zv‡K ga¨gv e‡j| A_©vr †`Lv hv‡”Q ga¨gv Z_¨ msL¨vi Dci wbf©i K‡i| hw`
Z_¨gvb msL¨v we‡Rvo nq Zvn‡j-
n +1
ga¨gv = Zg gvb| GLv‡b Z_¨mg~n‡K gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡Z n‡e Avevi hw` Z_¨ msL¨v †Rvo nq
2
n
Zvn‡j GKBfv‡e Z_¨ gvb‡K gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvwR‡q ga¨gv‡bi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| ga¨gv = Zg Ges
2
n
( + 1 ) Zg gvb؇qi MvwYwZK Mo gvb|
2
K. A‡kªwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K ga¨gv wbY©qt
D`vniY Øviv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
hLb n we‡Rvo msL¨v:
D`vniY-1 : †Kvb KviLvbvq 7 Rb kªwg‡Ki cÖwZ N›Uvi gyRyix wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj|
ga¨gv wbY©q Kiæb|
Z_¨: 12, 10, 15, 14, 17, 20, 19
mgvavb: Z_¨ msL¨v we‡Rvo| Z_¨¸wj‡K gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvwR‡q cvB: 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20|
n +1 7 +1 8
ga¨gv = Zg gvb = Zg gvbwU = = 4 Zg msL¨v =15|
2 2 2
n hLb †Rvo msL¨v:
D`vniY-2: 8 Rb kªwg‡Ki gRyixi cÖwZ N›Uvi Z_¨ †`Iqv nj:
Z_¨: 12, 10, 15, 14, 17, 20, 19, 13
ga¨gv wbY©q Kiæb|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 64
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

mgvavb: GLv‡b Z_¨ msL¨v n †Rvo| Z_¨gvbmg~n‡K gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j cvIqv hvq:
10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20
†Rvo msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î ga¨gv
n n 
Zg c` +  + 1 Zg c`
=
2 2 
2
8 8 
Zg c` + + 1 Zg c`
=
2 2 
2
4 Zg c` + 5 Zg c`
=
2
14 + 15
=
2
29
=
2
=14.5
L. ‡kªwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K ga¨gv wbY©qt
‡kªwYK…Z Z_¨ web¨vm †_‡K ga¨gv wbY©‡qi myÎwU nj
N
− Fc
Me = L + 2 × h †hLv‡b
fm
L = ga¨gv †kÖwYi wbgœmxgv
N = Z_¨ msL¨v
Fc = ga¨gv †kÖwYi c~e© †kÖwYi †hvwRZ NUb msL¨v
Fm = ga¨gv †kÖwYi NUb msL¨v
h = †kÖwY e¨eavb
n
≤ †hvwRZ NUb msL¨v, †K ga¨gv †kÖwY ejv n‡e|
2

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 65
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

D`vniY-2 t Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡q 70 Rb Qv‡Îi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb wb‡P
†`qv nj|
Qv·`i cÖvß b¤^‡ii ga¨gv wbY©q Kiæb|
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY QvÎ msL¨v ƒ
40-45 7
45-50 12
50-55 19
55-60 18
60-65 13
65-70 1
mgvavb: 70 Rb Qv‡Îi µ‡gv‡hvwRZ web¨vm wb‡¤œ †`Iqv nj
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY MYmsL¨v µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
40-45 7 7
45-50 12 19= pcf
50-55 19 = Fm 38
55-60 18 56
60-65 13 69
65-70 1 70
n = 70

ga¨gv
n 70
GLv‡b 2 = 2 = 35, hvi †P‡q eo µg‡hvwRZ msL¨v nj 38|myZivs ga¨gv 50-55 †kÖwYi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i|
AZGe, m~Îvbymv‡i ga¨gv
n
–pcf
2
M=L+
f(Me) × h
70
– 19
2
∴ M = 50 + ×5 [GLv‡b L = 50, F(Me) = 19, pcf = 19, h = 5]
19
35 – 19
= 50 + ×5
19
= 50 + 4.210
= 54.210
∴ wb‡Y©q ga¨gv = 54.210

†jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g ga¨gv wbY©q t

†jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb †_‡K ga¨gv wbY©q Kiv hvq| MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb †_‡K AwRf †iLv AsKb
K‡i †mLvb †_‡K ga¨gv wbY©q Kiv hvq| Avcbviv cvV-4.7-G wKfv‡e AwRf †iLv ev †hvwRZ MYmsL¨v †iLv
AsKb Ki‡Z nq †R‡b‡Qb| AwRf †iLvi gva¨‡g ga¨gv wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j wb¤œwjwLZ c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡eÑ

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 66
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

(K) AwRf †iLvi X A‡ÿ _v‡K Pj‡Ki D”Pmxgv Ges Y A‡ÿ _v‡K †hvwRZ MYmsL¨v| †Kvb MYmsL¨v wb‡ek‡bi
†gvU MYmsL¨v n n‡j n/2 Gi Ae¯’vb cÖ_‡g Y A‡ÿ wPwýZ Kiæb|
(L) Y A‡ÿi n/2 we›`y †_‡K X Aÿ Gi mgvšÍivj GKwU †iLv AsKb Kiæb Ges GB †iLv AwRf †iLvi GKwU
we›`y‡Z Mo (wP‡Î) †Q` Ki‡e|
(M) AwRf †iLvi †Q` we›`y (Mo) †_‡K X Aÿ †iLvi Dci GKwU j¤^ AsKb Kiæb hv wPÎ Abyhvqx X Aÿ‡K M
we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡e| GB †Q` we›`yi gvbB n‡e ga¨gv|
80
Cumulative Frequency
70

60

50
†kYxi wb¤œmxgv

40
Mo
30

20

10

M
0
'45 '50 '55 '60 '65 '70
µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
wPÎ-5.2: ga¨gv

mvims‡ÿc:
cÖPziK †K›`ªxq cÖeYZvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwigvcK| cÖPziK †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g wbY©q Kiv hvq| e¨emvwqK †ÿ‡Î
†hgb †Kvb †Kv¤úvbxi Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i ÎæwUc~Y© `ª‡e¨i msL¨v KZUv †ekx Zv mn‡R cÖPzi‡Ki mvnvh¨ aiv hvq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 67
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

cÖPziK I Gi cwigvc
cvV-5.3 Mode and its measurement

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

• cÖPzi‡Ki msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
• cÖPzi‡Ki e¨envi wjL‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †kªwYK…Z web¨vm †_‡K cÖPziK wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• cÖPzi‡Ki cwigvc c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †jL wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖPziK wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖPziK Mode
Z_¨‡m‡U †h Z_¨ Z_¨wU me©vwaK evi cybive„wË nq †m Z_¨wU‡K cÖPziK ejv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †Kvb
Mv‡g©›Um G wewfbœ mvB‡Ri kvU© evRv‡i G‡m‡Q| †`Lv †Mj †µZv GKwU wbw`©ó KvwUs Gi kvU© cQ‡›`i ZvwjKvq
†i‡L‡Q A_©vr H wbw`©ó KvwUs Gi kvU© µq nj cÖPziK| cÖPzi‡Ki msÁvwU wbgœiƒ‡c †`Iqv hvq-

K. A‡kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K cÖPziK wbY©q:

Z_¨‡m‡U †h gvbwU me©vwaKevi cybive„wË n‡q‡Q Zv‡K cÖPziK e‡j|

D`vniY: †gvjøvnvU _vbvi Kvnv`cyi MÖv‡g K‡qKwU cwiev‡i mšÍv‡bi msL¨v Rwi‡ci GKwU Z_¨ wb‡gœ w`Iqv nj|
cÖPziK wbY©q Kiæb|
mšÍv‡bi msL¨v 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
cwiev‡ii msL¨v 5 11 23 32 17 8 3

mgvavb: Dc‡ii Z_¨ †_‡K †`Lv, hv‡”Q †h 3 Rb mšÍvb me©vwaK cwiev‡i i‡q‡Q ZvB GLv‡b cwiev‡ii mšÍvb
msL¨vi cÖPziK nj 3|

L. †kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ †_‡K cÖPziK wbY©q:

cÖPziK wbY©‡q †kÖwYK…Z Z_¨ web¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ m~ÎwU wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj|
∆1
cÖPziK = L + × h ; †hLv‡b me‡P‡q †ewk NUb msL¨vhy³ †kÖwY‡K cÖPziK †kÖwY ejv nq|
∆1 + ∆ 2
L = cÖPziK †kÖwYi wbgœ mxgv
∆1 = cÖPziK †kÖwYi NUbmsL¨v I cÖPziK †kÖwYi c~‡e©i N‡ii NUbmsL¨vi cv_©K¨|
∆2 = cÖPziK †kÖwYi NUbmsL¨v I cÖPziK †kÖwYi c‡ii N‡ii NUbmsL¨vi cv_©K¨
h = †kÖwY e¨eavb

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 68
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

D`vniY-2 Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡q 70 Rb Qv‡Îi cwimsL¨vb wel‡qi cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^‡ii MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb wb‡P †`qv
nj| cÖPyiK wbY©q Kiæb|
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY QvÎ msL¨v ƒ
40-45 7
45-50 12
50-55 19
55-60 18
60-65 13
65-70 1
mgvavb t : 70 Rb Qv‡Îi µ‡gv‡hvwRZ web¨vm wb‡¤œ †`Iqv nj
b¤^‡ii †kÖwY MYmsL¨v µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
40-45 7 7
45-50 12 19
50-55 19 = F(MO) 38
55-60 18 56
60-65 13 69
65-70 1 70
n = 70

cÖPyiK
GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q 50 †_‡K 55 b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ QvÎmsL¨v AwaK A_©vr 19 Rb| myZivs cÖPyiK †kÖwY nj 50-55|
∆
m~Îvbyhvqx, cÖPyiK Mo = L + ∆ +1 ∆ × h
1 2

GLv‡b, L = 50
∆1 = 19-12=7
∆2 = 19-18 = 1
h = 55-50 = 5
7
∴ Mo = 50 + ×5
7+1
= 50 + 4.375
= 54.375
∴ wb‡Y©q cÖPyiK = 54.375

†jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖPyiK wbY©q t

†jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g wb¤œ Dcv‡q cÖPyiK wbY©q Kiv hvq|
(K) cÖ_‡g MYmsL¨v wb‡ek‡bi GKwU AvqZ‡jL ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b X A‡ÿi w`‡K †kÖwYi gvb Ges Y
A‡ÿi w`‡K MYmsL¨vi gvb †`Lv‡Z n‡e|
(L) AvqZ‡j‡Li m‡e©v”P AvqZ‡ÿÎwU wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GwUB n‡”Q me©vwaK MYmsL¨vi cÖZxK Ges
GLv‡bB cÖPyiK Ae¯’vb Ki‡e|
(M) m‡e©v”P AvqZ‡jL A_©vr cÖPyiK †kÖwY AvqZ‡j‡Li evg cv‡ki Ges Wvb cv‡ki AviI `ywU AvqZ‡jL we‡ePbv
Ki‡Z n‡e|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 69
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

20
C B
'65-70
D

'60-65
15

'55-60
A

10 '50-55

'45-50

5
'40-45

0
Mo
wPÎ-5.1: cÖPyiK
(N) Dc‡ii wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z Dcv‡q cÖPyiK †kªwYi evgcv‡ki AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi Wvb kxl© we›`y A Gi mwnZ cÖPyiK †kªwYi
D”Pmxgvq Aew¯’Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi Wvb kxl© we›`y B †K GKwU mij‡iLv AB Øviv †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi
cÖPyiK †kªwYi AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi evg kxl©we›`y C Gi mwnZ Wvb cv‡ki AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi evg kxl© we›`y D †K GKwU
mij‡iLv CD Øviv †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| AB Ges CD †iLv M we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡e|
(O) M †_‡K X Aÿ eivei j¤^ Uvb‡j X †iLvq Mo we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡e| GB Mo we›`y‡Z X Gi gvbB n‡e
cÖPyiK|
cÖPzi‡Ki myweav: cÖPzi‡Ki myweav¸wj wb‡gœ †`Iqv n‡jv:
• cÖPziK wbY©q LyeB mnR
• †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖPziK wbY©q Kiv hvq
• †kªwY mxgv †Lvjv _vK‡jI cÖPziK wbY©q Kiv hvh|
• e¨emvwqK †ÿÎ cÖPzi‡Ki †ewk e¨envi nq|
• ¸YevPK ˆewk‡ó¨i eY©bv Ki‡Z cÖPzi‡Ki gva¨‡g Rvbv mnR nq|
cÖPzi‡Ki Amyweav: cÖPzi‡Ki Amyweav mg~n wb‡gœ †`Iqv nj:
• me©vwaK msNwVZ msL¨v GKvwaK n‡j cÖPziK wbY©q mnR nq bv
• cÖPziK exRMvwbwZK MYbvq e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
• ‡kªYxe×Ki‡bi cÖK…wZi Dci cÖPzi‡Ki gv‡bi cÖfve _v‡K|
•
mvims‡ÿc:
cÖPziK †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g wbY©q Kiv hvq|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 70
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

cvV-5.4 PZz_©K, `kgK I kZgK

(Quartile, Decile and percentile)
D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

PZz_©K (Quartile): bvg †_‡KB †evSv hvq †h, PZz_K

© Ggb GKwU gvb hv Z_¨gvbmg~n‡K (EØ© µgvbymv‡i) mvRv‡j
mgvb Pvifv‡M wef³ K‡i| †h‡nZz PZz_©K Z_¨gvb mg~n‡K mgvb Pvi fv‡M wef³ K‡i, †mRb¨ †gvU 3wU PZz_K ©
Av‡Q| G¸‡jv h_vµ‡g Q1, Q2 Ges Q3 Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq| wØZxq PZz_K © Q2 ga¨gv Gi mgvb hvi cwigvc
wbY©q cvV 5.2-G Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
aiv hvK, †Kvb Z_¨mvwii gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv n msL¨K Z_¨gvb wb¤œiƒcÑ X1, X2, ..........Xn
A‡kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î:
G‡ÿ‡Î hw` n we‡Rvo msL¨v nq,
n 3n+1
Q1 =
4
Zg gvb, Ges Q3 = 4 Zg gvb|
Avevi hw` n †Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡eÑ
n n+4
Q1 = I 4 Zg gv‡bi MvwYwZK M‡oi mgvb|
4
3n 3n + 4
Ges Q3 =
4
I 4 Zg gv‡bi MvwYwZK M‡oi mgvb|
†kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î:
†Kvb MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb †_‡K Q1 Ges Q3 cwigvc Kivi c×wZ ga¨gv wbY©q Kivi Abyiƒc| ga¨gv Gi Abyiƒc
G‡ÿ‡ÎI Q1 Ges Q3 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwY cÖ_‡g wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Q1 Ges Q3 wb¤œwjwLZ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
wbY©q Kiv nq|
n
– Fc1
4
Q1 = L1 +
ƒq1
×h

GLv‡b n = †gvU MYmsL¨v|

L1 = Q1 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi wb¤œmxgv|
F(Q1) = Q1 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi MYmsL¨v
pcf (Q1)= Q1 †kÖwYi c~e©eZx© †kÖwYi †hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
h = Q1 †kÖwYi e¨eavb|
n
4
Gi †P‡q eo †hvwRZ MYmsL¨vi †kÖwYB n‡”Q Q1 †kÖwY|
3n
– Fc3
4
Q3 = L 3 + ×h
ƒq3
GLv‡b n = †gvU MYmsL¨v|
L3 = Q3 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi wb¤œmxgv|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 71
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

F(Q3) = Q3 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi MYmsL¨v

pcf (Q3) = Q3 †kÖwYi c~e©eZx© †kÖwYi †hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
h = Q3 †kÖwYi e¨eavb|
3n
4
Gi †P‡q eo †hvwRZ MYmsL¨vi †kÖwYB n‡”Q Q3 †kÖwY|
A‡kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î
D`vniY-1
wb‡¤œ `ywU Z‡_¨i gvbmg~n †`qv Av‡Q| cÖ_g PZz_K
© (Q1) Ges 3q PZz_K
© (Q3) wbY©q Kiæb|
Z_¨-1t 7, 4, 11, 15, 12, 21, 19, 16, 9, 8, 10, 14, 18, 13, 17|
Z_¨-2t 16, 15, 21, 22, 26, 24, 29, 25, 17, 30, 25, 23, 28, 31, 34, 33|
mgvavb t n hLb we‡Rvo:
cÖ_gwU‡Z 15wU gvb Av‡Q| G‡`i‡K DaŸ©µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j cvIqv hvq|
4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21

15+1 16
∴ Q1 = 4
= 4 Zg gvb|
= 4_© gvb|
= 9|
3(15+1)
∴ Q3 = Zg gvb
4
= 12 Zg gvb
= 17|
n hLb †Rvo:
wØZxq Z‡_¨ 16wU msL¨vgvb Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j cvIqv hvq|
15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34|
16 16 + 4
∴ Q1 = 4 Zg I Zg gv‡bi Mo
4
21 + 22
= 2
43
= 2
= 21.5
3 × 16 3 × 16 + 4
∴ Q3 = Zg I Zg
4 4
= 12 Zg gvb I 13 Zg gv‡bi MvwYwZK Mo
29+30
= 2
= 29.5

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 72
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

†kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î

D`vniY-2
wb¤œwjwLZ MYmsL¨v wb‡ek‡bi Q1 Ges Q3 wbY©q Kiæb|
‡kªYx 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70
MYmsL¨v 7 12 19 18 13 1
mgvavb t PZz_©K wbY©q mviYx
‡kªYx MYmsL¨v µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
40-45 7 7= pcf (Q1)
45-50 12 = F(Q1) 19
50-55 19 38 = pcf (Q3)
55-60 18 = F(Q3) 56
60-65 13 69
65-70 1 70
n = 70

1g PZz_©K
70
GLv‡b n4 = 4 = 17.5, 17.5 Gi †P‡q eo µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v n‡”Q 19| A_©vr 45-50 †kÖwY‡Z Q1 Aew¯’Z|
n
- pcf(Q1)
4
∴ Q1 = L1 + F(Q ) ×h
1
70
–7
4
∴ Q1 = 45 + 12 × 5 GLv‡b, L1 = 45, n = 70, pcf(Q1) = 7, F(Q1) = 12, h = 5
10.5
= 45 + 12 × 5
= 45 + 8.75
= 53.75
3q PZz_©K
3n 3×70
Avevi, 4 = = 52.5, 52.5 Gi †P‡q eo µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v n‡”Q 56, A_©vr 55-60 †kÖwY‡Z Q3 Aew¯’Z|
4
n
- pcf(Q3)
4
∴ Q3 = L3 + F(Q ) ×h
3
3×70
– 38
4
∴ Q3 = 55 + ×5 [GLv‡b, L3 = 55, pcf(Q3) = 38, F(Q3) = 18, h = 5]
18
52.5 – 38
= 55 + 18 ×5

-3.5
= 55 + ×5
18

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 73
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

= 55 – 0.9722
= 54.0278
∴ Q3 = 54.0278
1g PZz_©K Q1 = 53.75
3q PZz_©K Q3 = 54.0278

`kgK (Decile)
`kgK Z_¨gvbmg~n‡K µgvbyhvqx mvRv‡bv ivwkgvjv‡K mgvb `kfv‡M fvM K‡i| †mRb¨ `kg‡Ki msL¨v 9|
G¸‡jv h_vµ‡gÑ D1, D2 .......... D9 Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq| G‡`i m¤úK© n‡”Q D1 ≤ D2 ≤ D3 ≤ D4 ≤ ...........
≤D9
¯^fveZB ga¨gv Ges D5 mgvb gvb wewkó|
aivhvK, X1, X2, ............Xn †Kvb Z_¨gvbmg~‡ni DaŸ©µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv n msL¨K gvb|

A‡kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î

hw` n we‡Rvo msL¨v nq Zvn‡j
n
Di =
4
Zg gvb, Ges [ i = 1, 2, -------9]
hw` n †Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡e
in in+10
Di = Zg I Zg gv‡bi MvwYwZK Mo|
10 10
†kÖYxK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î
†Kvb MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb †_‡K `kgK wbY©‡qi m~Î wb¤œiƒc|
n
-Fc1
10
D1 = L 1 + ×h
ƒd1
GLv‡b n = †gvU MYmsL¨v|
L1 = D1 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi wb¤œmxgv|
Fc1 = D1 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi c~e©eZx© †kÖwYi µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v|
fd1 = D1 _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi MYmsL¨v|
h = D1 †kÖwYi e¨eavb|
n
10
Gi †P‡q eo µg‡hvwRZ msL¨vi †kÖwY n‡”Q D1 Gi †kÖwY|

kZgK (Percentile)
kZgK Z_¨gvbmg~‡ni µgvbyhvqx mvRv‡bv ivwkgvjv‡K mgvb GKkZ fv‡M fvM K‡i| †mRb¨ kZg‡Ki msL¨v 99|
G‡`i‡K P1, P2, ............. P99 Øviv wPwýZ Kiv hvq| P1 ≤ P2 ≤ P3 ≤ ..................... ≤ P99
aiv hvK, X1, X2, ............ Xn †Kvb Z_¨gvb mg~‡ni DaŸ© µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 74
 e¨emvq cwimsL¨vb

A‡kÖwYK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î:

hw` n we‡Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡e
n
Pi = Zg gvb, [i =1, 2, ........, 99]
4
hw` n †Rvo msL¨v nq Z‡e,
in in + 100
Pi =
100
Zg I 100
Zg gv‡bi MvwYwZK Mo|

†kÖwYK…Z Z‡_¨i †ÿ‡Î:

MYmsL¨v wb‡ekb †_‡K Pi wbY©‡qi m~Î wb¤œiƒcÑ
in
-Fci
100
∴ Pi = Li + ƒp ×h
i
GLv‡b n = †gvU MYmsL¨v
Li = Pi _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi wb¤œmxgv
ƒPi = Pi _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi MYmsL¨v
Fci = Pi _vK‡Z cv‡i Ggb †kÖwYi c~e©eZx© †kÖwY µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v
h = Pi †kÖwYi e¨eavb|
in
100
Gi †P‡q eo µg‡hvwRZ MYmsL¨v †kÖwY n‡”Q Pi Gi †kÖwY|
GB cv‡Vi D`vniY 1 I 2-G ewY©Z Z_¨ †_‡K AwZ mn‡RB m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ `kgK I kZgK wbY©q Kiv
hv‡e| jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h,
P25 = Q1, P50 = D5=Q2 = ga¨gv, P75 = Q3

mvims‡ÿc:
Z_¨ wek¦ †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨mg~n †K‡›`ªi †Kvb GKwU gv‡bi w`‡K hvIqvi cÖeYZv _v‡K| ZvB Z‡_¨i G cÖeYZv‡K
†K›`ªxq cÖeYZv e‡j| G cv‡V ïaygvÎ AM; GM.; HM Ges WM wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 75
weweG †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU g~j¨vqb

1| †K›`ªxq cÖeYZvi cwigvc ej‡Z Kx eySvq? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

2| MvwYwZK M‡oi msÁv wjLyb| MvwYwZK M‡oi myweav I Amyweav Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3| MvwYwZK Mo, ¸wYZK Mo I Zi½ M‡oi msÁv wjLyb Ges Dnv‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
4| ga¨gvi msÁv wjLyb| MÖv‡di mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e ga¨gv wbY©q Kiv hvq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
5| cÖPzi‡Ki msÁv wjLyb| MÖv‡di mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e cÖPziK wbY©q Kiv hvq Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

BDwbU-5 c„ôv 76