Duration: 10 min Kabul University Master Program Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

Improving Power System Transient

Stability by using Facts Devices

Seminar
Prepared By: Hamid Qurishi
Supervisor: Prof. Mohammad Shafi Sharifi

International Journal of Engineering & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol.3 Issue 7, July - 2014
 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Brief Information

 The modern power system has led to an increasing complexity in the study of power systems, and also presents new
challenges to power system stability, and in particular, to the aspects of transient stability and small -signal stability.
 Transient stability control plays a significant role in ensuring the stable operation of power systems in the event of large
disturbances and faults.
 This paper investigates the improvement of transient stability of a two-area power system, using a SVC, STATCOM, UPFC,
and TCSC.
 The performance of UPFC is compared with other FACTS devices such as Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC),
(STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) respectively.
 The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed UPFC on transient stability
improvement of the system.

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Introduction

 The power system is a complex network comprising of numerous generators, transmission lines, variety of loads and
transformers.
 As a consequence of increasing power demand, some transmission lines are more loaded than was planned when they
were built.
 With the increased loading of long transmission lines, the problem of transient stability after a major fault can become a
transmission limiting factor [1].

 Transient stability refers to the capability of a system to maintain synchronous operation in the event of large disturbances
such as multi-phase short-circuit faults or switching of lines [2].

 Stability depends upon both the initial operating conditions of the system and the severity of the disturbance.
 Recent development of power electronics introduces the use of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers in power
systems.

 FACTS controllers are capable of controlling the network condition in a very fast manner and this feature of FACTS can be
exploited to improve the voltage stability, and steady state and transient stabilities of a complex power system [3]-[8].
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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

FACTS Controllers

 FACTS controllers are power electronic devices designed for the dynamic control of voltage, impedance and phase angle
of high voltage AC transmission lines.
 The basic principles of the following FACTS controllers, which are used in the two-area power system under study, are
discussed briefly.

1 Static Var Compensator 3 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor

(Svc) (TCSC)

Static Synchronous Compensator Unified Power Flow Controller

2
(STATCOM) 4 (UPFC)

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Static Var Compensator (Svc)

 Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is a first generation FACTS device that can control voltage at the required bus thereby
improving the voltage profile of the system.
 The primary task of an SVC is to maintain the voltage at a particular bus by means of reactive power compensation [9].
 SVCs have been used for high performance steady state and transient voltage control compared with classical shunt
compensation.
 SVCs are also used to dampen power swings, improve transient stability, and reduce system losses by optimized reactive
power control [10]-[11].
 The SVC basically consists of:
 Fixed capacitor (C).
 Thyristor controlled reactor (L).
 The firing angle control of the thyristor banks determines the equivalent
shunt admittance presented to the power system.

Fig.1 SVC connected to a transmission line.

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Static Synchronous Compensator

(STATCOM)
 The STATCOM is based on a solid state synchronous voltage source which generates a balanced set of three sinusoidal
voltages at the fundamental frequency with rapidly controllable amplitude and phase angle.

 The STATCOM is basically consists of:

 Voltage source converter (VSC).
 Coupling transformer.
 Dc capacitor.

 Control of reactive current is possible by variation of the magnitude of output

voltage (Vvsc) with respect to bus voltage (Vb) and thus operating the STATCOM
in inductive region or capacitive region.

Fig.2 STATCOM connected to a transmission line.

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor

 TCSC is one of the most important and best known FACTS devices, which has been in use for many years to increase
the power transfer as well as to enhance system stability.
 It can have various roles in the operation and control of power systems, such as scheduling power flow; decreasing
unsymmetrical components; reducing net loss; providing voltage support; limiting short-circuit currents; mitigating
subsynchronous resonance (SSR); damping the power oscillation; and enhancing transient stability [12]-[14].

 The TCSC consists of three main components:

• Capacitor bank C.
• Bypass inductor L .
• Bidirectional thyristors SCR1 and SCR2.
 The firing angles of the thyristors are controlled to adjust the TCSC
reactance in accordance with a system control algorithm, normally in
response to some system parameter variations.

 According to the variation of the thyristor firing angle or conduction angle, Fig.3 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC).

this process can be modeled as a fast switch between corresponding

reactance’s offered to the power system.
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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Unified Power Flow Controller

(UPFC)
 The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most versatile one that can be used to enhance steady state stability,
dynamic stability and transient stability.
 The UPFC is capable of both supplying and absorbing real and reactive power and it consists of two ac/dc converters.
 One of the two converters is connected in series with the transmission line through a series transformer and the other
in parallel with the line through a shunt transformer.
 The dc side of the two converters is connected through a common capacitor, which provides dc voltage for the
converter operation.
 The power balance between the series and shunt converters is a prerequisite to maintain a constant voltage across the
dc capacitor.
 As the series branch of the UPFC injects a voltage of variable magnitude and phase angle, it can exchange real power
with the transmission line and thus improves the power flow capability of the line as well as its transient stability limit.
 The shunt converter exchanges a current of controllable magnitude and power factor angle with the power system.
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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Unified Power Flow Controller

(UPFC)
 The UPFC can independently control many parameters since it is the combination of Static Synchronous Compensator
(STATCOM) & Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC).

Fig.4 UPFC connected to a transmission line 9

 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

TWO AREA POWER SYSTEM

MODEL

 Consider a two-area power system (Area-1 & Area-2) with series and shunt FACTS devices, connected by a single circuit
long transmission line as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
 Here, the FACTS devices such as UPFC (combination of STATCOM and SSSC), SSSC, and TCSC are equipped between bus-
2 and bus-3 and the shunt FACTS device such as SVC is equipped at bus-2.
 The direction of real power flow is from Area-1 to Area-2.
 In the two-area power system model, the Area-1 consists of Generator 1 (G1) and Generator 2 (G2) and the Area-2
consists of Generator 3 (G3) and Generator 4 (G4).
 The system data are given in [21].

Fig.5 Two-area power system with FACTS device

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

SIMULATION MODEL

Fig.6 Two-area power system with STATCOM 11

 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

TWO AREA POWER SYSTEM

MODEL

Fig.7 Variation of generator rotor angle of the two-area power system with STATCOM Fig.8 Variation of generator rotor angle of the two-area power system with SVC

Fig.9 Variation of generator rotor angle of the two-area power system with TCSC Fig.10 Variation of generator rotor angle of the two-area power system with UPFC
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Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

Fig.11 Variation of generator rotor angle of the two-area power system with UPFC,
SVC, STATCOM and TCSC.

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

COMPARISON BETWEEN UPFC, SVC,

TCSC, AND SSSC FOR POWER SYSTEM
STABILITY ENHANCEMENT
From the simulation results shown in Figs. a comparison is made between the above FACTS devices for stability enhancement of two-area
power system under study as shown in Table 1.

Two-area Power System Power System Stability Settling time in post fault
with Enhancement period (in seconds)
STATCOM YES 0.4
SVC YES 0.7
TCSC YES 0.5
UPFC YES 0.3

From the Table 1, it is investigated that the UPFC is the effective FACTS device for stability enhancement of inter-area power system.

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 Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices Kabul University

CONCLUSIONS

 The power system stability enhancement of a two area power system by various FACTS devices is presented and discussed.

 The dynamics of the system is compared with and without the presence of UPFC in the system in the event of a major disturbance.

 Then the performance of the UPFC for power system stability improvement is compared with the other FACTS devices such as SVC,

TCSC, and STATCOM respectively.

 It is clear from the simulation results that there is a considerable improvement in the system performance with the presence of UPFC

for which the settling time in post fault period is found to be around 0.3 second.

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4. References
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2. R. Padiyar, 2002, “Power System Dynamic Stability and Control,” Second Edition, BS Publications, Hyderabad.
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69(5), pp. 285-290.
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9. N.G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, 1999, “Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems,” IEEE Press, New York.
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11. E.Z. Zhou, 1993, “Application of Static Var Compensators to Increase Power System damping,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 8(2), pp. 655-661.
12. P. Mattavelli, G.C. Verghese, A.M. Stankovic, 1997, “Phasor Dynamics of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 12(3), pp.
1259-1267.
13. B.H. Li, Q.H. Wu, D.R. Turner, P.Y. Wang, X.X. Zhou, 2000, “Modeling of TCSC Dynamics for Control and Analysis of Power System Stability,” Electrical Power & Energy
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14. A.D. Del Rosso, C.A. Canizares, V.M. Dona, 2003, “A Study of TCSC Controller Design for Power System Stability Improvement,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18(4),
pp. 1487-1496.
15. L. Gyugyi, 1994, “Dynamic Compensation of AC Transmission Line by Solid State Synchronous VoltageSources,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9(22), pp. 904-911.
16. M. Noroozian, L. Angquist, M. Ghandhari, G. Andersson, 1997, “Use of UPFC for Optimal Power Flow Control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 12(4), pp. 16291634.
17. M. Ghandhari, G. Andersson, I.A. Hiskens, 2001, “Control Lyapunov Functions for Series Devices,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 16(4), pp. 689-694.
18. P. Kumkratug, M.H. Haque, 2003, “Versatile Model of a Unified Power Flow Controller in Simple System,” IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. & Distrib., 150(2), pp. 155-161.
19. V. Vittal, N. Bhatia, A.A. Fouad, 1991, “Analysis of the Inter-area Mode Phenomenon in Power Systems Following Large Disturbances,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
6(4), pp. 1515-1521.
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21. P. Kundur, 1994, “Power System Stability and Control,” McGrawHill, New York.
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Improving Power System Transient Stability by using Facts Devices

THANK
YOU