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Green Revolution

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28 views

Green Revolution

Uploaded by

vansh555pal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Green

revolution in
india

Introduction of Green Revolution


The green revolution was started in many countries around the
world between the 1950s till the late 1960s. Many research
technology transfer initiatives occurred around the world, which
were geared towards increasing agricultural production.

Norman Borlaug is called the father of the green revolution as he


started the green revolution with his genetic testing. He created a
hybrid wheat plant that could resist fungus and diseases along with
a high yield.

The green revolution in India refers to a period (the mid-1960s)


where the transition from traditional agriculture into an industrial
system happened. The green revolution started in India with the
introduction of many modern methods of farming like tractors,
pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation facilities, and the use of HYV (high
yielding variety) crops.

What is green revolution?


The green revolution was that period during which, High yielding
seeds (HYV) and several other modern agricultural methods were
introduced and adopted by framers. These changes included
irrigation facilities, fertilizers and pesticides, tractors etc.

HISTORY OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

Ford foundation and The Rockefeller foundation sponsored a


team of experts that were invited by India in the latter half of the
second five-year plan. This team was called to suggest means and
ways for improving crop production. Based on the
recommendations of this team, the government of India
implemented an intensive program for agricultural development in
seven districts from seven different states of India in 1960. This
program was called IADP (Intensive area development program).

Professor Norman Borlaug


In the mid-1960s Professor Norman Borlaug of Mexico developed
new varieties of high-yielding wheat. India adopted this new
agricultural strategy in 1966 during the Kharif season, and it was
termed as HYVP (High-yielding varieties program). This program
started as a package as it depended heavily on many things like:

 Adequate irrigation.
 Fertilizers.
 HYV seeds.
 Pesticides and insecticides.

GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

 In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indira Gandhi decided to


major steps on agriculture conditions.

 Thus, Green Revolution was applied to the period from


1967 to 1978 basically in the parts of Haryana, Punjab and
Uttar Pradesh

 At this stage concern was on Wheat and Rice.

 Dr M S Swaminathan from India led the Green Revolution


as the Project Director & Dr Norman Borlaug from Mexico
supported the Green Revolution through the introduction of
high yielding variety of wheat seeds.
Mrs. Indira Gandhi Dr. m s. Swaminathan

METHODS USED IN GREEN REVOLUTION


 Double or multiple cropping system.
 Seeds with superior genetics.
 Proper irrigation system.
 High yielding variety (HYV).
 Use of pesticides and fertilizers.
 Use of modern machinery (tractor, harvester, thrasher).
 Expansion of farming areas.

FUNDAMENTALS USING THE METHODS OF


GREEN REVOLUTION
 expansion of farming areas: Green Revolution continued
with quantitative expansion of farmlands.

 Double-cropping system: Instead of one crop season per


year, the decision was made to have two crop seasons per
year. There had to be two monsoons” per year. One would be
the “natural monsoon” and the other an “artificial monsoon”.
 seeds with improved genetics: This was the scientific aspect
of the Green Revolution to use High Yielding Variety (HVY)
of seeds.
 Water Consumption: The crops introduced during the green
revolution were water-intensive crops. Most of these crops
being cereals, required almost 50% of dietary water
footprint. Canal systems were introduced, and irrigation
pumps also sucked out the groundwater to supply the water-
intensive crops, such as sugarcane and rice, thus depleting
the groundwater levels.
CAUSES OF GREEN REVOLUTION
• High Yielding Varieties of Seed.
• Chemical Fertilizers.
• Irrigation.
• Multiple Cropping.
• Modern Agricultural Machinery.
• Credit Facilities.
• Agricultural Research.
• Plant Protection.
• Rural Electrification.
• Soil Testing and Soil Conservation.

EFFECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION


• Increase in Production
• Capitalistic Farming
• Effect on Rural Employment
• Reduction in Imports of food grains
• Development of Industries
• Effect on Prices
• Base for Economic Growth
• Effect on consumers
• Effect on Planning
• Increase in Trade
• Change in Thinking of Farmers

IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION


IN INDIA
 High Yielding Varieties (HYV)
 Mechanization of Agriculture
 Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
 Irrigation

ISSUES REGARDING GREEN REVOLUTION


 Pollution and erosion of soil
 Pollution of water
 Unemployment among uneducated farmers
 Deadly diseases
 Harmful for farmers

ADVANTAGES OF GREEN REVOLUTION


• Yields increased three times.
• Multiple cropping.
• Other crops grown which varied the diet. Surplus to sell in
cities creating a profit improving the standard of living.
• Allows purchase of fertilizers, machinery etc.
• India becomes self-sufficient in food grains.

LIMITATION OF GREEN REVOLUTION

 The Green Revolution, howsoever impressive, but NOT a


100% success.
 Only Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states showed best
results of Green Revolution.
 The new farming techniques, has given birth to the serious
pollution of drinking water causing cancer, birth diseases etc.
 A recent Punjabi University study found a high rate of genetic
diseases among farmers, which was attributed to pesticide use.
 The new organic fertilizer, pesticides and chemicals are
ruining the soil.

 Lead to unemployment and Rural-Urban Immigration.


Conclusion
The Green Revolution was a tremendous success for many
developing countries, particularly India, providing them with
unparalleled national food security.
It signified the successful adaptation and transfer of the same
agricultural scientific revolution that the industrial countries had
already appropriated.
However, factors other than guaranteeing food security, such as the
environment, poor farmers, and their education about chemical
know-how, received less attention.
As a way forward, authorities must more clearly target the poor to
guarantee that new technologies help them more directly, and those
technologies must also be more environmentally friendly.
Taking lessons from the past, such programs must also ensure that
all beneficiaries are included, as well as all regions, rather than
focusing on a narrow field.
Thank
you!

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