INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Civil Engineering
by
M.Vasantha kumar
L22ACE511

Under Supervision of
Construction Industry Development Council

(Duration:22/04/2024 To 01/06/2024)

Department of Civil Engineering

Bapatla Engineering College

(Autonomous)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur
Bapatla, ANDHRA PRADESH
(2023-2024)
 Construction Industry Development Council
Online Internship Program

(Internship Report)

Part A

Sl. Contents Details

No
1. Name M.Vasantha kumar

2. Batch 2nd Batch 2024

3. Opted course Quality Control & Assurance Consruction

(QC&AC)
4. Duration of the course 6 weeks
5. Topic covered in internship ➢ Manufacturing of concrete
➢ Types of Batching
➢ Schematic of ready mix concrete batching
plant
➢ Quality
➢ Quality control and quality assurance
➢ 7 Quality control tools
➢ TQM
➢ Construction quality by design
 Session-1
Date :22/04/2024

❖ Manufacturing of concrete: The manufacturing of concrete involves several crucial

steps to ensure the production of high-quality concrete:
➢ Batching: Accurate measurement of the raw materials, including cement, aggregates (coarse
and fine), and water, is essential. This can be done by volume or weight batching.
➢ Mixing: The materials are mixed thoroughly to achieve a uniform, homogeneous mixture. This
can be done by hand or using a concrete mixer.
➢ Transporting: The concrete is transported to the construction site using various methods, such
as buckets, conveyors, or ready-mix trucks. Care must be taken to prevent segregation during
transportation.
➢ Placing: The concrete is placed in the desired location, such as formwork or molds, without
causing segregation. Concrete pumps and boom lifts are often used for efficient placement.
➢ Compacting: The placed concrete is compacted to remove entrapped air and voids, ensuring a
dense and homogeneous mass. This can be done using vibrators or other compaction
equipment.
➢ Curing: The concrete is cured by maintaining a moist environment for a specific duration to
allow it to gain strength and durability. Various curing methods, such as water curing, steam
curing, or chemical curing, can be employed.
➢ Finishing: The surface of the hardened concrete is finished to achieve the desired texture,
appearance, and durability. Finishing techniques may include formwork finishes, surface
treatments, or applied finishes.
❖ Types of Batching : The sources provided detail two main types of batching
methods used in concrete manufacturing:
➢ Volume Batching:
o Materials are measured based on volume, using gauge boxes or measurement boxes of
known volume.
o Cement is typically measured in bags, with the volume of one bag (50 kg) considered as 35
liters.
o The gauge box's volume is adjusted to match the volume of a bag of cement or multiples
thereof.
➢ Weight Batching:
o Raw materials are measured based on their weight, making it a more accurate batching
method.
o Weight batchers or other weighing equipment are used to measure materials like cement,
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water.
o Two types of weight batchers are mechanical and electronic, with electronic batchers being
more common in large-scale projects.
 Session-2
Date:23/04/2024

❖ Schematic of ready mix concrete batching plant:

✓ The search results provide detailed information on concrete batching plants, including their components,
types, and operational processes. However, the specific query about the schematic of a ready mix concrete
batching plant is not directly addressed in the provided sources.
Based on the general knowledge of concrete batching plants, a schematic of a ready mix concrete batching
plant typically includes the following key components:
➢ Aggregate Bins: These store different types of aggregates like sand, gravel, and crushed stone.
➢ Conveyor System:
Transports the aggregates from the bins to the mixing unit.
➢ Cement Silos: Store cement in large cylindrical structures with a tapered bottom end.
➢ Water Supply System: Provides water for the concrete mix.
➢ Admixture Storage: Stores additives that enhance the properties of concrete.
➢ Mixing Unit: Where the actual mixing of aggregates, cement, water, and additives takes place.
➢ Control Panel: Manages and controls the batching process, ensuring accuracy and consistency.
➢ Batching Plant Control System: Automates the mixing process, reducing manual labor and ensuring precise
control over concrete composition.
❖ Tests on fresh concrete
o Slump test
o Flow test
o Compacting factor test
o Ve Bee time test
o L-Box teat
o J-ring test
o V-funnel test
o Orimet test
❖ Tests on Hardened concrete:
➢ Destructive
o Compressive strength test
o Split tensile test
o Flexural strength test
➢ Non destructive(NDT)
o Modulus of Elasticity
o Rebound Hammer
o Penetration resistance
o Ultimate pulse Velocity Test
 Session-3
Date:20/04/2024

❖ Quality:which a product or service meets customer needs or specifications, emphasizing

features and characteristics that allow for customer satisfaction.
➢ Quality refers to how good or bad something is.
➢ A degree or grade of excellence.
❖ Factors affecting quality:
➢ Quality assurance
➢ Quality control
➢ Quality standards
➢ Total Quality management
• Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance (QA) is a systematic process of ensuring that
a product or service meets specified requirements and standards. The core purpose of
QA is to prevent mistakes and defects in the development and production of products or
service.
➢ This aims to prevent defects in the process used to make the product.
➢ To improve development and test processes to reduce defects when the product is
being developed.
➢ Everyone on the team involved in developing the product is responsible for quality
assurance.
➢ QA is a managerial tool.
➢ QA is process oriented.
➢ Verification is an example of QA.
• Quality control: Quality control is a set of activities for ensuring quality in products,
focused on identifying defects in the products produced.

➢ QC is a reactive process to identify and corrects in the finished product.

➢ To identify defects in a developed product before it’s released.
➢ Quality Control is usually the responsibility of a specific team that tests the
product for defects.
➢ QC is a corrective tool.
➢ Validation/ software testing is an example of QC.
➢ QC is product oriented.
 Session-4
Date : 26/04/2024
❖ Quality Control Tools (QC tools) :

➢ Pareto Analysis
➢ Fishbone diagram
➢ Control charts
➢ Histogram
➢ Check sheets
➢ Scatter Diagram
➢ Process flow Diagram
• Pareto Analysis :
The praeto chart is quality improvement tool that is based upon the pareto principle, the
principle that 80% of an outcome comes from 20% of its inputs. Vilfredo pareto, an Italian
engineer and economist, first observed the 80/20 rule in relation to population and wealth.
• Fishbone diagram :
This is a visualization tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem .This tool is
used in order to identify a problem’s root causes.Typically used for Root cause analysis, a
fishbone diagram combines the practice of brainstorming with a type of mind map template.
• Control charts :
A quality control charts is a graphical representation of weather a firm’s Products or
processes are meeting their intended specifications .If a problems appear to arise, the quality
control chart can be used to identify the degree by which they very from those specifications
and help in error correction.
• Histogram :
It graphically displays a data set. More specifically, it is a type of bar chart that graphs the
frequency of occurrence of continuous data, and will aid you in analyzing your data.
• Check sheet :
Check sheets generate quantitative data for quality problems and support other tools such as
histogram and pareto analysis.
• Scatter Diagram :
It is a graphical presentation of relationship between two variables.
• Process flow Diagram :
It is the starting and end point of the process along with the operating, decision, storage, delay,
direction etc. through which the product or service passing. Different shapes like circle,
diamond, rectangle, arrow, D shapes, inverted rectangles etc.
 Session-5
Date: 02/05/2024
❖ INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT..

• Aims to produce a perfect product or service every time in order to meet customer
requirements.
• Uses the same principle of Quality Assurance but views the exact needs and requirements of
the customer must be regarded above everything else.
• The client tells the manufacturer what they want and it is up to the manufacturer to use this as
guideline or benchmark for quality.
• Quality circle
➢ Group of people that meet regularly within the organization
➢ Identify, discuss, and resolve problems in the product process
➢ Should includes people from the shop floor to senior managers

❖ PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

▪ The customer makes the ultimate determination of quality

▪ Top management must provide leadership and support for all quality initiatives.
▪ Preventing variability is the key to producing high quality.
▪ Quality goals are a moving target, there by requiring a commitment towards continuous
improvement.
▪ Improving quality requires the establishment of effective metrics. We must speak with data
and facts and not opinions and perspectives.

❖ Continual improvement..

 Plan  Do  Check  Act

➢ Identify problem ➢ Implement ➢ Verify and ➢ Analyze Date
➢ Plan solutions ➢ Training validate ➢ Analyze Root
➢ Stakeholders ➢ Review ➢ Collect data Cause to
Engagement using tool problem areas
➢ Collect data
➢ Plan revisions ➢ Gather ➢ Improve
Feedback process
❖ Strategies for overcoming challenges in TQM implementation!
➢ Education &training: providing comprehensive training program to build awareness &
skills related to TQM

➢ Change management: implementing change management strategies to address resistance

and scepticisms from fro stable holders

➢ Resource optimization: optimization resource allocation by identifying the most

effective tool and practices.
 Session-6
Date:03/05/2024

❖ CONSTRUCTION QUALITY BY DESIGN:

➢ The quality of construction is significantly influenced by design. Design and
construction are closely interlinked, forming an integrated system where the
design process creates the blueprint for a facility, and construction brings it to life.
➢ Designing with construction in mind, considering factors like budget
management, time efficiency, productivity, and resource allocation, enhances the
overall quality of construction projects.
➢ Embracing collaborative methods like design-build, where designers and builders
work together from project inception, fosters unity, efficiency, and better project
outcomes. This integrated approach minimizes errors, streamlines communication,
and ensures projects are completed faster and within budget.

 Design :
o Designing and developing formulation & process to ensure a predefined quality output
o Understanding how formulation & process variable influence product quality
o Product quality with effective control strategy
 Process:
o Revision of tender/contract spaces
o Implementation of MS or check list and mock up approvals
o Formulating standard project specific PQP’s &ITP”S
o Standardizing interdepartmental operations
o Developing project wise internal QA/QC audit plan
 Material:
o Empanelment of vendors by QA/QC through Audits
o Pre/post dispatch material inspection
o Provision for pre approval of material through material submittal prior to selection
o Display board/room for approved material.

Name and Signature: _M.Vasantha Kumar

Name of the College: _BAPATLA ENGINEERING COLLEGE