অধ্যায় ১৪

সম্ভাবনা
Probability

1. GKwU Q°v gvi‡j 3 DVvi m¤¢vebv †KvbwU? m¤¢vebvi mv‡_ RwoZ wKQz k‡ãi aviYv :
1 1 2 1 •`e cixÿv (Random Experiment) : hLb
6 L3 M3 N2
†Kv‡bv cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj Av‡M
wb‡Pi Z_¨ †_‡K (2Ñ3) b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †_‡K Rvbv _v‡K wKš‘ cixÿvwU‡Z †Kv‡bv
GKwU _wj‡Z bxj ej 12wU, mv`v ej 16wU Ges Kv‡jv ej 20wU Av‡Q| •`efv‡e GKUv ej †bIqv GKwU wbw`©ó †Póvq Kx djvdj Avm‡e Zv
wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq bv, G‡K •`e cixÿv
n‡jv|
e‡j|
2. ejwU bxj nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
1 1 1 1 †hgb, GKUv gy`vª wb‡ÿc cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨
K 16 L 12 M8 4 djvdj Head (H), Tail (T) n‡e, Zv Avgiv
Av‡M †_‡KB Rvwb wKš‘ †Kvb djvdjwU
3. ejwU mv`v bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ? NU‡e gy`vª wU wb‡ÿ‡ci c~‡e© Zv Avgiv
1 2 1 1 wbwðZ K‡i ej‡Z cvwi bv| myZivs gy`ªv
K3 3 M 16 N 48
wb‡ÿc cixÿv GKUv •`e cixÿv|
wb‡gœi Z_¨ †_‡K (4Ñ6) b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
NUbv (Event) : †Kv‡bv cixÿvi djvdj ev
GKwU gy`ªv‡K wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
djvd‡ji mgv‡ek‡K NUbv e‡j|
4. me©vwaK evi H Avmvi m¤¢vebv KZ? D`vniY¯^iƒc GKUv Q°v wb‡ÿc cixÿvq
 1 evi L 2 evi M 3 evi N 4 evi Ô3' cvIqv GKUv NUbv| Avevi †Rvo msL¨v
5. me‡P‡q Kg msL¨K evi T Avmvi m¤¢vebv KZ? cvIqvI GKwU NUbv|
1 mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbvewj (Equally Likely
K0 L2 M1 N2 Events) : †Kv‡bv cixÿvi NUbv¸‡jv NUvi
1 m¤¢vebv mgvb nq A_©vr GKwU AciwUi
[ mwVK DËi : 8 ] †P‡q †ewk ev Kg m¤¢ve¨ bv nq, Z‡e
NUbv¸‡jv‡K mgm¤¢ve¨ e‡j| †hgb GKUv
6. PÆMÖvg AvenvIqv Awd‡mi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 2012 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi 1g mßv‡n e„wó n‡q‡Q †gvU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wb‡ÿ‡c †nW ev †Uj Avmvi
5 w`b| †mvgevi e„wó bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ? m¤¢vebv mgvb mgvb| myZivs †nW Avmv I
1 2 5 †Uj Avmv NUbv `yBwU mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv|
K7 7 M7 N1
ci¯úi wew”Qbœ NUbvewj (Mutually
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 30wU wU‡K‡U 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ µwgK b¤^i †`qv Av‡Q| wU‡KU¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q GKwU
Exclusive Events) : †Kv‡bv cixÿvq hw`
wU‡KU •`efv‡e †bqv n‡jv| wU‡KUwU (i) †Rvo msL¨v (ii) Pvi Øviv wefvR¨ (iii) 8 Gi †P‡q †QvU (iv) GKUv NUbv NU‡j Ab¨Uv A_ev Ab¨
22 Gi †P‡q eonIqvi m¤¢vebv¸‡jv wbY©q Ki| NUbv¸‡jv bv NU‡Z cv‡i Z‡e D³
NUbv¸‡jv‡K ci¯úi wew”Qbœ NUbv e‡j|
mgvavb : wU‡KU¸‡jv‡Z 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ µwgK b¤^i †`Iqv Av‡Q| myZivs mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj 30|
†hgb, GKUv wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Ki‡j
i. 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ µwgK b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ †gvU †Rvo msL¨v 15wU| †Rvo msL¨v cvIqvi AbyK‚j NUbv †nW Avmv ev †Uj Avmv `yBwU wew”Qbœ
= 15wU NUbv| †Kbbv †nW Avm‡j †Uj Avm‡Z
†Rvo msL¨v cvIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj cv‡i bv| Avevi †Uj Avm‡j †nW Avm‡Z
 P †Rvo msL¨v = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj cv‡i bv| A_©vr †nW I †Uj GKmv‡_
15 1 Avm‡Z cv‡i bv|
= 30 = 2 (Ans.)
AbyK‚j djvdj (Favourable Outcomes) :
ii. 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ µwgK b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ 4 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v 7wU h_v : 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, †Kv‡bv cixÿvq GKUv NUbvi ¯^c‡ÿi
28| myZivs AbyK‚j djvdj 7wU| djvdj‡K D³ NUbvi AbyK‚j djvdj
7 e‡j| †hgb, GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc Ki‡j
 P (4 Øviv wefvR¨) = 30 (Ans.) we‡Rvo msL¨v nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 3
wU|
iii. 1 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ µwgK b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ 8 Gi †P‡q †QvU µwgK b¤^i 7wU| h_v : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7

www.myschool4d.com
511
 myZivs AbyK‚j djvdj 7wU| bgybv‡ÿÎ (Sample Space) : †Kv‡bv •`e
7 cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj wb‡q MwVZ
 P (8 Gi †P‡q †QvU) = 30 (Ans.)
†mU‡K bgybv‡ÿÎ e‡j| GKUv gy`vª wb‡ÿc
iv. wU‡KU¸‡jv‡Z 22 Gi †P‡q eo µwgK b¤^i 8wU h_v : 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Ki‡j `yBwU m¤¢ve¨ djvdj cvIqv hvq|
myZivs AbyK‚j djvdj 8wU| h_v †nW (H) I †Uj (T). GLb S Øviv G
cixÿ‡Yi djvd‡ji †mU‡K m~wPZ Ki‡j
8 4
 P (22 Gi †P‡q eo) = 30 = 15 (Ans.) bgybv‡ÿÎ S = {H, T}.
bgybv we›`y (Sample Point) : bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi
cÖkœ \ 8 \ †Kv‡bv GKwU jUvwi‡Z 570wU wU‡KU wewµ n‡q‡Q| iwng 15wU wU‡KU wK‡b‡Q| wU‡KU¸‡jv
cÖwZwU Dcv`vb‡K djvd‡ji bgybv we›`y
fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q GKwU wU‡KU •`efv‡e cÖ_g cyi¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ †Zvjv n‡jv| iwn‡gi cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi e‡j| GKUv gy`vª GKevi wb‡ÿc cixÿvq
cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ? bgybv‡ÿÎ S = {H, T} Ges GLv‡b H, T
mgvavb : †gvU wU‡KU wewµ n‡q‡Q = 570wU cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKwU bgybv we›`y|
iwng wU‡KU wK‡b‡Q = 15wU `ywU we‡kl ai‡bi NUbv:
15 1 wbwðZ NUbv : †Kv‡bv cixÿvq †h NUbv
 iwn‡gi cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi cvIqvi m¤¢vebv = 570 = 38 (Ans.)
Aek¨B NU‡e G‡K wbwðZ NUbv e‡j|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ GKUv Q°v GKevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j †Rvo msL¨v A_ev wZb Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v DVvi m¤¢vebv D`vniY : AvMvgxKvj m~h© c~e© w`K †_‡K
KZ? DV‡e AvR m~h© cwðg w`‡K A¯Í hv‡e|
mgvavb : GKUv Q°v wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv †ÿÎ : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wbwðZ NUbvi m¤¢vebv|
 mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj 6 Am¤¢e NUbv : †Kv‡bv cixÿvq †h NUbv
KL‡bv NU‡e bv A_©vr NU‡Z cv‡i bv G‡K
GKUv Q°vq †Rvo msL¨v Av‡Q 3wU, h_v : {2, 4, 6}| myZivs †Rvo msL¨v cvIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 3wU Am¤¢e NUbv e‡j| Am¤¢e NUbvi m¤¢vebv
†Rvo msL¨vi AbyK‚j djvdj 3 1 me mgq k~b¨ nq|
 P (†Rvo msL¨v) = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj =6 =2
D`vniY : AvMvgxKvj m~h© cwðg w`‡K
DV‡e A_ev m~h© c~e©w`‡K A¯Í hv‡e, Am¤¢e
Avevi, 3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v 2wU, h_v : {3, 6}| myZivs 3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v cvIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj
NUbvi m¤¢vebv k~b¨| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU
2wU| NUbvB Am¤¢e NUbv|
AbyK‚j djvdj 2 1
 P (3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v) = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 6 = 3 GK bR‡i G Abykxjbx‡Z e¨eüZ m~Îmg~n
:
†h‡nZz †Rvo msL¨v Ges 3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v Df‡qi g‡a¨ 6 AšÍfy©³| myZivs †Rvo msL¨v Ges 3 Øviv * †Kv‡bv NUbv NUvi m¤¢vebv
D³ NUbvi AbyK‚j djvdj
wefvR¨ msL¨v cvIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 1wU| = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj
1
 P (†Rvo msL¨v Ges 3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v) = 6 * †Kv‡bv NUbv NUv Ges bv NUvi m¤¢vebvi
 P (†Rvo msL¨v A_ev 3 Øviv wefvR¨) = †hvMdj|
* †h‡Kv‡bv NUbvi m¤¢vebv 0 †_‡K 1 Gi
P (†Rvo msL¨v) + P (3 Øviv wefvR¨)  P (†Rvo msL¨v Ges 3 Øviv wefvR¨) g‡a¨ _vK‡e|
1 1 1 3+21 4 2 * A NUbv NUvi m¤¢vebv n‡j
=2+36 = 6 = 6 = 3 (Ans.) P(A) O <
P(A) < 1

* hw` †Kv‡bv GKwU cixÿ‡Yi †gvU m¤¢ve¨

cÖkœ \ 10 \ †Kv‡bv GKwU ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ªi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 155 wkï Kg IR‡bi, 386 wkï ¯^vfvweK
djvdj A Ges Aci GKwU cixÿ‡Yi
IR‡bi Ges 98wU wkï †ewk IR‡bi Rb¥ †bq| GLvb n‡Z GKwU wkï •`efv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡j wbe©vwPZ
†gvU m¤¢ve¨ djvdj B nq Zvn‡j cixÿv
wkïwU †ewk IR‡bi n‡e Gi m¤¢vebv KZ?
`yBwU GK‡Î msNwUZ n‡j †gvU m¤¢ve¨
mgvavb : ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª †gvU wkï Rb¥ †bq (155 + 386 + 98) = 639 Rb| •`efv‡e GKRb wkï djvdj = A  B
wbe©vPb Ki‡j 639 R‡bi †h †Kv‡bv GKRb wkï Avm‡Z cv‡i| * bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi AvKvi †ek eo n‡j
 mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 639 Gi mvnv‡h¨ bgybv‡ÿÎ •Zwi
Probability tree
Kiv hvq Ges wewfbœ NUbvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Kiv
†ewk IR‡bi wkïi AbyK‚‡j m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 98
hvq|
98
myZivs †ewk IR‡bi wkï Rb¥ †bIqvi m¤¢vebv = 639 (Ans.)

www.myschool4d.com
512
cÖkœ \ 11 \ `yB nvRvi jvB‡mÝ cÖvß WªvBfvi GK eQ‡i wbgœwjwLZ msL¨K UªvwdK AvBb f½ K‡i|
UªvwdK AvBb f‡½i msL¨v WªvBfv‡ii msL¨v
0 1910
1 46
2 18
3 12
4 9
5 ev Zvi AwaK 5
GKRb WªvBfvi‡K •`efv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡j WªvBfviwUi 1wU AvBb f½ Kivi m¤¢vebv KZ? WªvBfviwUi 4
Gi AwaK AvBb f½ Kivi m¤¢vebv KZ?
mgvavb : †gvU WªvBfv‡ii msL¨v
= (1910 + 46 + 18 + 12 + 9 + 5) Rb = 2000 Rb
1wU UªvwdK AvBb f½ K‡i‡Q Ggb WªvBfv‡ii msL¨v = 46
46
 wbe©vwPZ WªvBfviwUi 1wU AvBb f½ Kivi m¤¢vebv = 2000
23
= 1000
Avevi,
4 Gi AwaK AvBb f½ K‡i‡Q Ggb WªvBfv‡ii msL¨v = 5
5
 wbe©vwPZ WªvBfviwUi 4 Gi AwaK AvBb f½ Kivi m¤¢vebv = 2000
1
= 400
23 1
wb‡Y©q m¤¢vebv 1000 Ges 400

cÖkœ \ 12 \ †Kv‡bv GKwU d¨v±wi‡Z wb‡qvMK…Z †jvK‡`i Kv‡Ri aiY Abyhvqx wbgœfv‡e †kªwYK…Z Kiv
hvq :
†kªwYKiY msL¨v
e¨e¯’vcbvq 157
cwi`k©K wn‡m‡e 52
Drcv`b Kv‡R 1473
Awdwmqvj Kv‡R 215
GKRb‡K •`efv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡j †jvKwU e¨e¯’vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ Gi m¤¢vebv KZ? †jvKwU e¨e¯’vcbvq
A_ev Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Gi m¤¢vebv KZ?
†jvKwU Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bq Gi m¤¢vebv KZ?
mgvavb : d¨v±wi‡Z wb‡qvMK…Z †gvU †jv‡Ki msL¨v =
(157 + 52 + 1473 + 215) Rb = 1897 Rb
e¨e¯’vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ †jv‡Ki msL¨v 157 Rb
157
 †jvKwUi e¨e¯’vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1897 (Ans.)
Avevi, Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †jv‡Ki msL¨v = 1473 Rb
1473
 Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1897
157 1473
myZivs †jvKwUi e¨e¯’vcbvq A_ev Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1897 + 1897 =
157 + 1473 1630
1897 = 1897 (Ans.)
Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bq Ggb †jv‡Ki msL¨v
= (157 + 52 + 215) = 424
424
 †jvKwU Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bq Ggb m¤¢vebv = 1897 (Ans.)

www.myschool4d.com
513
cÖkœ \ 13 \ 1wU gy`vª I 1wU Q°v wb‡ÿc NUbvq Probability tree •Zwi Ki|
mgvavb : GKwU gy`vª I GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc NUbv‡K `yB avc wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kwi| cÖ_g av‡c gy`vª
wb‡ÿ‡c 2wU djvdj { H A_ev T } Avm‡Z cv‡i|
wØZxq av‡c Q°v wb‡ÿ‡c 6wU djvdj {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Avm‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cixÿvq †gvU
djvdj‡K Probability Tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wbgœfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hv‡e :

cÖkœ \ 14 \ Probability tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki :

gy`vª wb‡ÿc mKj m¤¢ve¨ m¤¢vebv
djvdj
GKevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc P(T) =
`yBevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc P(1H) =
P(HT) =
wZbevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc P(HHT)
= P(2H)
=
mgvavb : cÖwZwU gy`vª wb‡ÿc‡K GK GKwU avc wn‡m‡e awi| cÖwZav‡c 2wU djvdj H A_ev T Avm‡Z
cv‡i| †gvU djvdj Probability tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wbgœfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq :

mviwYwU wbgœiƒc :
gy`vª wb‡ÿc mKj m¤¢ve¨ djvdj m¤¢vebv
GKevi gy`ªv {H,T} 1
wb‡ÿc P( T ) = 2
`yBevi gy`vª {HH, HT, TH, 2
wb‡ÿc TT} P( 1H ) = 4
1
=2
P( HT ) =
1
4
wZbevi gy`vª {HHH, HHT, P( HHT )
wb‡ÿc HTH, 1
HTT,THH,THT, =8
TTH, TTT} P( 2H ) =
3
8

www.myschool4d.com
514
 5
cÖkœ \ 15 \ †Kv‡bv GKRb †jv‡Ki XvKv n‡Z ivRkvnx †Uª‡b hvIqvi m¤¢vebv Ges ivRkvnx n‡Z Lyjbv
9
2
ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv . Probability tree e¨envi K‡i †jvKwU XvKv n‡Z ivRkvnx †Uª‡b bq Ges
7
ivRkvnx n‡Z Lyjbv ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ †ei Ki| †jvKwU ivRkvnx †Uª‡b wKš‘ Lyjbv ev‡m bv
hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ei Ki|
mgvavb : wb‡P †jvKwUi wewfbœ Dcv‡q XvKv n‡Z ivRkvnx Ges ivRkvnx n‡Z Lyjbv hvIqvi Probability
Tree †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

m¤¢vebvi gva¨‡g Probability Tree n‡e :

myZivs XvKv n‡Z ivRkvnx †Uª‡b bq Ges ivRkvnx n‡Z †jvKwUi Lyjbv ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv =
P(ivRkvnx †Uª‡b bq, Lyjbv ev‡m)
4 2 8
= 9  7 = 63 (Ans.)
Avevi, †jvKwUi ivRkvnx †Uª‡b Ges Lyjbv ev‡m bv hvIqvi m¤¢vebv = P (ivRkvnx †Uª‡b, Lyjbv ev‡m
bq)
5 5 25
= 9  7 = 63 (Ans.)

2 3
cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKRb †jvK XvKv n‡Z ivRkvnx †Uª‡b hvIqvi m¤¢vebv , ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv , †cø‡b
9 7
1 2 3
hvIqvi m¤¢vebv | †jvKwUi ivRkvnx n‡Z Lyjbvq ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv Ges †Uª‡b hvIqvi m¤¢vebv
9 5 7
| Probability tree e¨envi K‡i †jvKwU ivRkvnx †Uª‡b Ges Lyjbvq ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ei Ki|
mgvavb : Probability tree wbgœiƒc :

m¤¢vebvi gva¨‡g Probability tree n‡e :

www.myschool4d.com
515
 2
myZivs †jvKwUi ivRkvnx †Uª‡b Ges Lyjbvq ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv, P (ivRkvnx †Uª‡b, Lyjbv ev‡m) = 9
2 4
 5 = 45 (Ans.)

cÖkœ \ 17 \ GKwU `yB UvKvi gy`vª Pvi evi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| (Gi kvcjvi wcV‡K L Ges cÖv_wgK
wkÿvi wkïi wcV‡K C we‡ePbv Ki)
K. hw` gy`vª wU‡K Pviev‡ii cwie‡Z© `yBevi wb‡ÿc Kiv nq Z‡e GKwU L Avmvi m¤¢vebv Ges GKwU
C bv Avmvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
L. m¤¢ve¨ NUbvi Probability Tree A¼b Ki| Ges bgybv †ÿÎwU wjL|
n
M. †`LvI †h, gy`ªvwU n msL¨K evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j msNwUZ NUbv 2 †K mg_©b K‡i|
mgvavb :
K. `yBwU gy`vª wb‡ÿc cixÿv‡K `yB avc wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| cÖwZ av‡c 2wU djvdj { L A_ev
C } Avm‡Z cv‡i| myZivs †gvU djvdj‡K Probability tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡gœv³fv‡e †`Lv‡bv
hvq

m¤¢ve¨ bgybv we›`y¸‡jv LL, LC, CL, CC

Zvn‡j bgybv †ÿÎwU n‡e { LL, LC, CL, CC }
2 1
myZivs GKwU L Avmvi m¤¢vebv = 4 = 2
2 1
Avevi, GKwU C Avmvi m¤¢vebv = 4 = 2
1 1
 GKwU C bv Avmvi m¤¢vebv = 1 2 = 2 (Ans.)

L. cÖ_‡g gy`ªv PviwU‡K Pvi av‡c wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv Ges cÖwZ av‡c 2wU djvdj { L A_ev C } Avm‡Z
cv‡i| myZivs †gvU djvdj‡K Probability tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wbgœfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hv‡e :

m¤¢ve¨ bgybv we›`y¸‡jv LLLL, LLLC, LLCL, LLCC, LCLL, LCLC, LCCL, LCCC,
CLLL, CLLC, CLCL, CLCC, CCLL, CCLC, CCCL, CCCC.

www.myschool4d.com
516
 Zvn‡j bgybv‡ÿÎwU n‡e :
{LLLL, LLLC, LLCL, LLCC, LCLL, LCLC, LCCL, LCCC, CLLL, CLLC,
CLCL, CLCC, CCLL, CCLC, CCCL, CCCC}

M. ÔLÕ bs Gi Probability tree we‡kølY K‡i cvB,

1
GKevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 2 = 2
2
`yBevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 4 = 2
3
wZbevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 8 = 2
4
Pvievi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 16 = 2
n
 n evi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 2 .
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

www.myschool4d.com
517
 অতিতিক্ত সৃজনশীল প্রশ্নোত্তি অতিতিক্ত বহুতনবোচনী
ব প্রশ্নোত্তি

cÖk-œ 1\ GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv  GKwU wbi‡cÿ Q°v GKevi wb‡ÿ‡c 3-Gi ¸wYZK msL¨v Avmvi
K. D`vniYmn bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi msÁv `vI| m¤¢vebv KZ?
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Probability tree-Gi gva¨‡g bgybv‡ÿÎ •Zwi Ki| 1 1 1 2
K6 3 M2 N3
M. D‡jøwLZ cixÿvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi NUbv¸‡jv NUevi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki : `yB UvKvi PviwU gy`ªv GKmv‡_ wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j, bgybv we›`y KqwU
(i) †Kej GKwU †Uj cvIqv; n‡e?
(ii) Kgc‡ÿ GKwU †nW cvIqv| K 32  16 M8 N4
mgvavb:
GKwU _‡j‡Z 5 Uv jvj, 6 Uv mv`v I 7 Uv Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q|
K. †Kv‡bv •`e cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K bgybv‡ÿÎ •`efv‡e GKwU ej †bIqv n‡jv| ejwU jvj nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
e‡j|
1 5 5 13
K 18  18 M 13 N 18
GKwU gy`vª wb‡ÿc Ki‡j `yBwU m¤¢ve¨ djvdj cvIqv hvq| h_v-†nW (H) I
†Uj (T), GLb, S Øviv G cixÿ‡Yi djvd‡ji †mU‡K m~PxZ Ki‡j Avgiv m¤¢vebvi m‡e©v”P gvb KZ?
wjL‡Z cvwi
K 0 †_‡K ¶z`ªZi L0
S = {H, T}
1 N 1 †_‡K e„nËi
myZivs D³ cixÿvi bgybv‡ÿÎ S = {H, T}
GKwU wbwÿß gy`ªvi m¤¢ve¨ djvdj KZ?
L. GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wZbevi wb‡ÿ‡ci m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj Probability 2 L4 M6 N8
tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡P †`qv n‡jv : Am¤¢e NUbvi gvb memgq KZ nq?
K1 L2 0 N 1
Am¤¢e NUbvi †ÿ‡Î
i. †h NUbv †Kv‡bv cixÿvq KL‡bvB NU‡ebv
ii. m¤¢vebvi gvb me©`v k~b¨
iii. m¤¢vebvi gvb GK A_ev k~b¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

m¤¢ve¨ djvdj¸‡jv : HHT, HTH, HTT, HHH, THT, TTH, THH, TTT GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿ‡ci †ÿ‡Î
 gy`ªv wZbevi wb‡ÿ‡ci bgybv‡ÿÎwU, S = {HHT, HTH, HTT, 1
i. we‡Rvo msL¨v cvIqvi m¤¢vebv 2
HHH, THT, TTH, THH, TTT}
1
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß bgybv‡ÿÎwU S = {HHT, HTH, HTT, HHH, THT, ii. †gŠwjK msL¨v cvIqvi m¤¢vebv 2
TTH, THH, TTT} GLv‡b †gvU bgybv we›`y 4wU| iii. 7 msL¨vwU cvIqvi m¤¢vebv 0
(i) †Kej GKwU †Uj cvIqvi AbyK‚j bgybv we›`y 3wU. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3
 G‡ÿ‡Î m¤¢vebv = 8 (Ans.) Ki L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

(ii) Kgc‡ÿ GKwU †nW cvIqvi AbyKzj bgybv we›`y 7wU| wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
7
 Kgc‡ÿ GKwU †nW cvIqvi m¤¢vebv = 8 (Ans.) `yBwU wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv GK‡Î wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|

cÖk-œ 2\ Rbve Avj‡d«W `kg †kªwYi D”PZi MwY‡Zi K¬v‡m wM‡q H †kªwYi QvÎx Dfq gy`vª q H cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
†Rwm‡K 20 †_‡K 30 ch©šÍ ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jv wjL‡Z ejvq †Rwm Zv 1 1 2 3
4 L2 M3 N4
mwVKfv‡e †ev‡W© wjLj| Gici wZwb QvÎx‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU msL¨v •`efv‡e
Pqb Ki‡Z ej‡jb|
Kgc‡ÿ GKwU T cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
K. msL¨vwU †gŠwjK bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki|
L. msL¨vwU c„_Kfv‡e 2, 3 I 5 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv Ges GKB mv‡_ 1 1 3
K4 L2 4 N1
2, 3 I 5 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki|

www.myschool4d.com
518
M. †`LvI †h, msL¨vwU †gŠwjK nIqvi m¤¢vebv Ges 2, 3 Ges 5 Gi ¸wYZK wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
nIqvi m¤¢vebvi †hvMdj 1| GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
mgvavb: `yBwU †nW I GKwU †Uj cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
K. 20 †_‡K 30 msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK msL¨v = 2wU
1 3 1 5
†gvU msL¨v = 30  20 + 1 = 11wU K8 8 M2 N8
†gŠwjK nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj
 †gŠwjK nIqvi m¤¢vebv = †gvU m¤¢ve¨ djvdj Kgc‡ÿ GKwU †nW cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
2 1 3 5 7
= 11 K8 L8 M8 8

 2 9
 †gŠwjK bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1  11 = 11 (Ans) wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 
GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
L. 20 †_‡K 30 Gi g‡a¨, 2 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v = 6wU
`yBwU †jR (Tail) cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
 msL¨vwU 2 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv 1 1 3 7
K8 L3 8 N8
2 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 6
= mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 11 (Ans) †Kv‡bv †jR I †Kv‡bv gv_v bv cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
1 1 1
K0 8 M4 N2
3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v = 4wU
 msL¨vwU 3 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 4 GKwU MÖv‡g 350 Rb we`y¨r, 150 Rb †mŠi we`y¨r Ges 115 Rb
= = 11 (Ans) †Kv‡bv we`y¨r e¨envi K‡i bv|
mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj
•`efv‡e GKRb‡K wbe©vPb Kiy‡j we`y¨r e¨enviKvix nIqvi
5 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v = 3wU m¤¢vebv KZUzKz?
 msL¨vwU 5 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv 35 70 25 15
K 123  123 M 123 N 123
5 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 3
= mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 11 (Ans)
•`efv‡e GKRb‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡j †mŠi we`y¨r e¨enviKvix bv
nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZUzKz?
msL¨vwU GKB mv‡_ 2, 3 I 5 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Zv 15 Øviv wefvR¨ 70 23 93 53
nq| K 123 L 123  123 N 123

 15 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v = 1wU hLb †Kv‡bv cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj Av‡M †_‡K Rvbv _v‡K
wKš‘ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †Póvi djvdj ARvbv _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K Kx
 GKB mv‡_ 2, 3 I 5 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqv m¤¢vebv e‡j? (mnR)
15 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj 1 K •`e PjK  •`e cixÿv M NUbv N wew”Qbœ NUbv
= mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj = 11 (Ans)
GKwU gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq m¤¢ve¨ djvdj (H, T), wKš‘ †Kvb
M. GLv‡b, 2 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v n(A) = 6 djvdjwU NU‡e Zv ARvbv n‡j Zv‡K Kx ejv n‡e? (mnR)
3 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v n(B) = 4 K NUbv L wew”Qbœ NUbv
5 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v n(C) = 3
M bgybv  •`e cixÿv
2 I 3 Gi ¸wYZK, n(A  B)
ev, 6 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v = 2 †Kv‡bv cixÿvi djvdj ev djvd‡ji mgv‡ek‡K Kx e‡j?(mnR)
3 I 5 Gi ¸wYZK, n(B  C)  NUbv L AbyK~j djvdj
ev, 15 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v = 1 M bgybv N m¤¢vebv
2 I 5 Gi ¸wYZK, n(A  C)
GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc cixÿvq †Rvo msL¨vi †mU‡K Kx ejv nq?
ev, 10 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v = 2 (mnR)
 2, 3 I 5 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v, n(A  B  C) = 1  NUbv L mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv
 2, 3 ev 5 Gi ¸wYZ‡Ki msL¨v, n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B) + M bgybv‡ÿÎ N bgybv we›`y
n(C)  n(A  B)  n(B  C)  n(A  C) +

www.myschool4d.com
519
 n(A  B  C) hLb †Kv‡bv •`e cixÿvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU NUbv NUvi m¤¢vebv mgvb nq
=6+4+3212+1=9 ZLb NUbv¸‡jv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
AbyK‚j m¤¢ve¨ djvdj
 2, 3 ev 5 Gi ¸wYZK nIqvi m¤¢vebv = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj K wew”Qbœ NUbv L Am¤¢e NUbv

9  mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv N wbwðZ NUbv

= 11
gy`ªv wb‡ÿc cixÿvq †nW I †Uj Avmvi NUbv `ywU Kx? (mnR)
2
Avevi, †gŠwjK nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 11 [ÔKÕ n‡Z] K wecixZ m¤¢ve¨  mgm¤¢ve¨
M †nW †ewk m¤¢ve¨ N †Uj †ewk m¤¢ve¨
 msL¨vwU †gŠwjK nIqvi m¤¢vebv Ges 2, 3 ev 5 Gi ¸wYZK nIqvi
2 9 11 †Kv‡bv •`e cixÿvq `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK NUbvi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU
m¤¢vebvi †hvMdj = 11 + 11 = 11 = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
NU‡j hw` Ab¨¸‡jv bv N‡U Z‡e NUbv¸‡jv‡K Kx e‡j?(mnR)
K mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv  wew”Qbœ NUbv
cÖk-œ 3\ GKwU d‡ji Szwo‡Z 2wU Avg, 24wU Av‡cj Ges 15wU Kgjv Av‡Q|
_‡j n‡Z •`efv‡e GKwU dj †bqv n‡jv| M wbwðZ NUbv N Am¤¢e NUbv
K. †`LvI †h, †Kv‡bv NUbvi m¤¢vebvi gvb 0 †_‡K 1 Gi g‡a¨ mxgve×
†Kv‡bv cixÿvq GKUv NUbvi mc‡ÿi djvdj‡K Kx ejv nq?
_v‡K|
(mnR)
L. djwU Avg A_ev Av‡cj nIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki|
M. djwU Kgjv wKš‘ Av‡cj bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki| K bgybv‡ÿÎ L bgybv we›`y
mgvavb:  AbyK‚j djvdj N NUbv
K. g‡b Kwi, GKwU •`e cixÿvi mmxg bgybv‡ÿÎ S Ges D³ bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi
mv‡_ mswkøó A GKwU NUbv| GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc Ki‡j djvdj †Rvo msL¨v nIqvi AbyK‚j
djvdj KqwU? (ga¨g)
awi, S bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi †gvU bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = n(S)
K2 3 M4 N6
A NUbvi AbyK‚j bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = n(A)
n(A) GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc Ki‡j djvdj I Gi ¸wYZK nIqvi AbyK‚j
P(A) = n(S) ........... (i)
djvdj KZwU? (ga¨g)
GwU ¯úó †h, A NUbvi Dcv`vb msL¨v 0 †_‡K n(S) Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e| K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU
A_©vr, 0  n(A)  n(S) †Kvb GKwU †U÷ wµ‡KU g¨v‡Pi m¤¢ve¨ †gvU djvd‡ji msL¨v KZ?
0 n(A) n(S) (ga¨g)
ev, n(S)  n(S)  n(S) [n(S) Øviv fvM K‡i]
K 2wU  3wU M 4wU N 5wU
ev, 0  P(A)  1 [(i) bs mgxKiY _‡K]
†Kv‡bv •`e cixÿvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K Kx
†Kv‡bv NUbvi m¤¢vebvi gvb 0 †_‡K 1 Gi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K| e‡j? (mnR)
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) K bgybv we›`y L NUbv

L. d‡ji Szwo‡Z Avg 2wU, Av‡cj 24wU Ges Kgjv 15wU| M AbyK‚j NUbv  bgybv‡ÿÎ
 †gvU dj = 41 GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wb‡ÿ‡ci cixÿvq bgybv‡ÿÎ KqwU?(ga¨g)
2
djwU Avg nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 41  1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU
24
djwU Avg nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 41 bgybv‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZwU Dcv`vb‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
2 24 K NUbv L Dcbgybv‡ÿÎ
djwU Avg A_ev Av‡cj nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 41 + 41
M NUbv  bgybv we›`y
2 + 24 26
= 41 = 41 (Ans.)
GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`y KqwU? (mnR)
15
M. djwU Kgjv nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 41 K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU
15 17
djwU Av‡cj bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1 – 41 = 41 GKwU wbi‡cÿ Q°v wb‡ÿc cixÿvq bgybv we›`y KqwU? (mnR)
15 17 255 K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU  6wU
 djwU Kgjv wKš‘ Av‡cj bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv = 41 × 41 = 1681

www.myschool4d.com
520
 5 GKwU wbi‡cÿ gy`vª wb‡ÿc cixÿvqÑ
cÖk-œ 4\ GKRb †jv‡Ki wPUvMvs †_‡K XvKv ev‡m hvIqvi m¤¢vebv , XvKv †_‡K
9
i. cixÿvwU •`e cixÿv
2
ivRkvnx †Uª‡b hvIqvi m¤¢vebv , ivRkvnx †_‡K Kzmy¤v^ gmwR` ev‡m hvIqvi ii. bgybv we›`y H I T
7
3 iii. H ev T Avmv `yBwUB mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv
m¤¢vebv | (wPUvMvs C, XvKv D, ivRkvnx R Ges Kzmy¤v^ gmwR` M aZ©e¨)
5 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K. XvKv †_‡K ivRkvnx †Uª‡b bv hvIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki|
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
L. m¤¢vebv NUbvi Probability tree A¼b Ki|
M. Probability tree e¨envi K‡i XvKv ev‡m bq, ivRkvnx‡Z †Uª‡b Ges Kzmy¤v^ GKwU wbi‡cÿ Q°v wb‡ÿ‡ci NUbvqÑ
gmwR` ev‡m bv hvIqvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki| i. bgybv we›`y 6wU
mgvavb:
2 ii. bgybv we›`y¸‡jv mgm¤¢ve¨ NUbv
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, †jvKwUi XvKv †_‡K ivRkvnx †Uª‡b hvIqvi m¤¢vebv = 7 iii. bgybv we›`y¸‡jv ci¯úi wew”Qbœ NUbv
†h‡nZz, m‡e©v”P m¤¢vebvi gvb 1| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
2 K i I ii L i I iii
 XvKv †_‡K ivRkvnx †Uª‡b bv hvIqvi m¤¢vebv =1 – 7
5 M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
= 7 (Ans.)
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 35 I 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
L. m¤¢ve¨ NUbvi Probability tree A¼b Kiv n‡jv : GKwU wbi‡cÿ Q°v wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| Gi mv‡_ bgybv‡ÿÎ S = {1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6} Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ `ywU NUbv h_vµ‡g A = {2, 4, 6} Ges
B = {1, 3, 5}

A †Kvb NUbv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR)

K we‡Rvo msL¨v  †Rvo msL¨v
M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v

B †Kvb NUbv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR)

K †Rvo msL¨v  †gŠwjK msL¨v
M we‡Rvo msL¨v N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v

m¤¢vebv wbY©‡qi m~Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)

M. m¤¢ve¨ gva¨‡g Probability tree A¼b Kiv n‡jv : mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj
K m¤¢vebv = AbyK‚j djvdj
D³ NUbvi AbyK‚j djvdj
 m¤¢vebv = mgMÖ m¤¢ve¨ djvdj
†gvU djvdj
M m¤¢vebv = 100
n
N P(A) = m

Q°v wb‡ÿc cixÿvq Q°vwU wbi‡cÿ n‡j djvdj¸‡jv Kxiƒc n‡e?

(mnR)
 mgm¤¢ve¨ L Amgm¤¢ve¨
M welg m¤¢ve¨ N m¤¢vebv wbY©q Kiv hv‡e bv
GKwU gy`ªv 1 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †Uj Avmvi AbyK‚j djvdj KqwU?
(mnR)
GLb, †jvKwUi XvKv ev‡m bq, ivRkvnx‡Z †Uª‡b Ges Kzmy¤v^ gmwR` ev‡m bv  1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU
hvIqvi m¤¢vebv GKwU Q°v wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †Rvo msL¨v nIqvi AbyK‚j djvdj KqwU?
= P [XvKv ev‡m bq, ivRkvnx‡Z †Uª‡b, Kzmy¤^v gmwR‡` ev‡m bq] (mnR)
K2 3 M4 N6

www.myschool4d.com
521
 4 2 2 16 GKwU wbi‡cÿ Q°v wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv, msL¨vwU 5 ev 5 Gi †P‡q
= 9 × 7 × 5 = 315 (Ans.)
†ewk Avmvi m¤¢vebv KZ? (KwVb)
1 1 1 1
cÖk-œ 5\ GKwU gy`ªv wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jvÑ K2 3 M4 N 6
K. gy`ªvwU GKevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †nW I †Uj Avmvi m¤¢vebvi mgwó wbY©q Ki|
L. m¤¢ve¨ NUbvi probability tree A¼b Ki Ges bgybv‡ÿÎwU wjL| n msL¨K NUbvi g‡a¨ m msL¨K NUbv NUvi m¤¢vebvÑ (mnR)
M. wZbwU †nW Ges Kgc‡ÿ GKwU †Uj cvIqvi m¤¢vebv †ei Ki|
n m
mgvavb: Km L n-m  n Nm+n
K. gy`vª wU GKevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j bgybv‡ÿÎ, S = {H, T}
1 †Kv‡bv NUbvi AbyK‚j djvd‡ji gvb k~b¨ n‡j ZLb m¤¢vebvi gvb
†nW Avmvi m¤¢vebv = 2
KZ? (mnR)
1 1 3
†Uj Avmvi m¤¢vebv = 2  k~b¨ (0) L 2 M4 N2
1 1
 †nW I †Uj Avmvi m¤¢vebvi mgwó = 2 + 2 = 1 (Ans.) m¤¢vebvi m‡e©v”P gvb KZ? (mnR)
1
L. wZbwU gy`ªv wb‡ÿ‡ci m¤¢ve¨ mKj djvdj probability tree Gi mvnv‡h¨ K0 1 M2 N2
wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv :-
†Kvb NUbv A Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv m¤¢vebvi mxgv wb‡`©k
Kiv nq? (mnR)
 0  P(A)  1 L 0 < P(A) < 1

M 0  P(A) < 1 N 0 < P(A)  1

GKwU Q°v GKevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †Rvo msL¨v cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
(ga¨g)
1 1
K1 2 M3 N0

m¤¢ve¨ djvdj¸‡jv : HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT GKwU gy`ªv GKevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †nW A_ev †Uj cvIqvi m¤¢vebv
TTH, TTT KZ? (mnR)
 wZbwU gy`ªv wb‡ÿ‡ci bgybv‡ÿÎ, S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, 1
1
L2
1
M3 N0
THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
wZbwU mgiƒc gy`ªv wb‡ÿ‡c cÖ‡Z¨Kevi 2wU H cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Ges †gvU bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 8
1 2 3
K8 L3 M1 8
M. awi, NUbv, A = wZbwU †nW = {HHH}
A NUbvi AbyK‚j bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 1 Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv n‡Z GKwU Aÿi †bqv n‡j Zv e¨ÄbeY© nIqvi
m¤¢vebv †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
Ges †gvU bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 8
5 21 1 3
1 K 26  26 M 26 N 26
 P(A) = 8 (Ans.)

Avevi, awi, NUbv B = Kgc‡ÿ GKwU T cov `yBwU wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Kivq mgMÖ djvdj
= {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} HH, HT, TH, TT 

 B NUbvi AbyK‚j bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 7 1

i. 1g wb‡ÿ‡c H covi m¤¢vebv 2
Ges †gvU bgybv we›`yi msL¨v = 8 1
7 ii. Dfq gy`vª q GKB wcV covi m¤¢vebv 2
 P(B) = 8 (Ans.)
1
iii. Dfq gy`ªvq T covi m¤¢vebv 2

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)

 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

www.myschool4d.com
522