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Dye Preparation

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Aqsa Falak
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19 views15 pages

Dye Preparation

Uploaded by

Aqsa Falak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Preparation of Dye

Index

1. Introduction
2. History
3. Types of dyes
4. Preparation of dyes
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Bibliography
Introduction
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the
substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally
applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to
improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.

Both dyes and pigments are colored, because they absorb only
some wavelengths of visible light. Dyes are usually soluble in
water whereas pigments are insoluble. Some dyes can be
rendered insoluble with the addition of salt to produce a lake
pigment.
By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant
kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, only
few of have are used on a commercial scale. The first synthetic
dye, mauveine, was discovered serendipitously by William
Henry Perkin in 1856.

Historical collection of over 10,000 dyes at Technical University


Dresden, Germany.

The discovery of mauveine started a surge in synthetic dyes and


in organic chemistry in general. Other aniline dyes followed,
such as fuchsine, safranine, and induline. Many thousands of
synthetic dyes have since been prepared.
➢ Reactive dyes utilize a chromophore attached to a
substituent that is capable of directly reacting with the
fiber substrate. The covalent bonds that attach reactive
dye to natural fibers make them among the most
permanent of dyes.

➢ Disperse dyes were originally developed for the dyeing of


cellulose acetate, and are water insoluble. The dyes are
finely ground in the presence of a dispersing agent and
sold as a paste, or spray dried and sold as a powder.

➢ Azoic dyeing is a technique in which an insoluble Azo dye


is produced directly onto or within the fiber. This is
achieved by treating a fiber with both diazoic and coupling
components.

➢ Sulfur dyes are inexpensive dyes used to dye cotton with


dark colors. Dyeing is effected be heating the fabric in a
solution of an organic compound, typically a nitrophenol
derivative, and sulfide or polysulfide.
Types of dyes
➢ Acid dyes are water soluble anionic dyes that are applied
to fibers such a silk, wool, nylon and modified acrylic fibers
using neutral to acid dye baths.

➢ Basic dyes are water soluble cationic dyes that are mainly
applied to acrylic fibers, but find some use for wool and
silk.

➢ Direct or substantive dyeing is normally carried out in a


neutral or slightly alkaline dye bath, at or near boiling
point, with the addition of either sodium chloride (NaCl)
or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

➢ Mordant dyes require a mordant, which improves the


fastness of the dye against water, light and perspiration.
The choice of mordant is very important as different
mordants can change the final color significantly.

➢ Vat dyes are essentially insoluble in water and incapable


of dyeing fibres directly. However, reduction in alkaline
liquor produces the water-soluble alkali metal salt of the
dye.
Lab preparation of dyes
Preparation of Para Red

Apparatus
1. 300ml Beaker
2. Physical Balance
3. Measuring Glass
4. Funnel ice bath
5. Weight box

Chemicals Required
1. Paranitro Aniline-2g
2. Sodium Nitrate
3. Canc. Hcl-8ml
4. Naphtol-0.2g
5. NaOH Flakes-0.4g
Procedure
❖ NaOH sol. is prepared by dissolving 0.4g of NaOH flakes in
4ml of water.

❖ 2g of NaOH and 0.2g of Naphtol were weighed.

❖ The solutions are prepared as follows:

Solution A: 2g of Paranitro Aniline, 20ml of water and 8ml


of conc. Hcl

Solution B: 2g of NaNO2 and 20ml of water.

Solution C: 0.2g of Naphthol dissolved in 10% of NaOH


solution and was diluted further with 10ml of water.

❖ All three solutions are cooled in ice bath for 30 min.


Solution B was added to the above solution slowly with
stirring and then it was filtered and dried.

❖ Para Red was obtained.


Scope
The technology of extracting and utilizing natural dyes in
the modern textile industry is relatively new and is still
being improved upon.

It can grow and already growing into a large scale


business.

It is very aesthetically appealing resulting in employment


generation.
Observation
The filtrate after coupling, was deep red in colour. It was
dried to give needle shaped crystals crushed to powder
and displayed.
Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye

https://www.coursehero.com/file/12539238/Pre-Lab-Preparation-of-Para-Red/

https://www.academia.edu/33350592/Chemistry_Dyes_Class_12_CBSE
History
Textile dyeing dates back to the Neolithic period.
Throughout history, people have dyed their textiles using
common, locally available materials. Scarce dyestuffs that
produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the
natural invertebrate dyes Tyrian purple and
crimson kermes were highly prized luxury items in the
ancient and medieval world. Plant-based dyes such
as woad, indigo, saffron, and madder were important trade
goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia
and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist
dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in
piece-dyed cloth. Dyes from the New World such
as cochineal and logwood were brought to Europe by
the Spanish treasure fleets,[5] and the dyestuffs of Europe
were carried by colonists to America.[6]
Dyed flax fibers have been found in the Republic of
Georgia in a prehistoric cave dated to
36,000 BP.[7][8] Archaeological evidence shows that,
particularly in India and Phoenicia, dyeing has been widely
carried out for over 5,000 years. Early dyes were obtained
from animal, vegetable or mineral sources, with no to very
little processing.
Acknowledgements

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many


people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with the project.

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to


my chemistry teacher Mrs. Bijli as well as our principal
Mr.Thomas Matthew who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic “Preparation of
Dyes” which also helped me in doing a lot of research and
I came to know about so many new things, I am really
thankful to them.

Then I would also like to thank my parents and friends


who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

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