Grade

12

TVL-IA
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
NCII

QUARTER 1 – MODULE
WK 3

WELD CARBON STEEL PIPE USING SMAW

1
INTRODUCTION

This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for identifying standard alphabet of
lines in accordance to International Standard Organization.

Assessment Criteria:

1. Alphabet of lines are identified according to International Standard Organization (ISO)

2. Alphabet of lines are clearly explained according to their uses.

Definition of Terms

Weld Symbol- it indicates the require type of weld and

supplemental implementation.

Tolerance- is the total amount of variation permitted for the

design size of a part.

Symbol -is a figure or character used in place of a word

or group of words.

Arrow Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

reference line.

Other Side- is a weld symbol that is written above the

reference line.

Both Side- is a weld symbol that is written above and

below the reference line.

Reference Line- is written horizontally forming an obtuse

angle.

Concave- is a curve inward (see contour symbol).

Convex- is a curve outward (see contour symbol).

Tail- is a part of an arrow symbol on a welding blue

print where specifications are placed

Alphabet of Lines

Lines are the bases of all drawing. They are used even from simple drawing to the difficult ones.
Practice, exercise and correct use of techniques in the making of lines will give student experience in
technical sketching. Moreover, constant practice will help students develop skill in making lines and
use of pencils. It should be remembered that the basic requirement for line construction is clarify of
line produced.
In practice, the kind of line produced, depends on the hardness of the pencil. For drawing using
pencil, the medium and light lines are more prepared.
There are conventional lines used in drawing. These lines are called alphabet of line and each line
serves a particular purpose. These lines may either be drawn freehand or they may be drawn
mechanically.
There are several different types of lines used on a print and each has different meaning. To be
able to interpret a print, the reader should have knowledge of these lines. These lines are called alphabet
of lines.

2
1. Object Line. Thick solid line used to show the visible shape of the object.

___________________________

2. Hidden Line. Broken line of medium thickness and used to show the edges and outlines not
visible to the eye.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----

3. Center Line. Fine, broken line made up of a series of short and long dashes alternately
spaced. To show the center of circles, arcs, and symmetrical objects and to aid in
dimensioning the parts of the object.

__ _____ __ _____ __ ______ __

4. Extension Line. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between and it is
used to show dimensioning points.

5. Dimension Line. Lines used to indicate the measurement of objects. It consists of three
parts: arrowheads, fine line, and number or measurement. The fine lines have the same
thickness or weight as the projection line. The arrowheads are short heavy strokes (called
flares) placed at the extremities of this fine line. The shape of an arrowhead is like the point
of an ordinary pen. The number or figure is usually positioned at the middle of the fine line
and its axis is perpendicular to it.

6. Leader Line. Fine, straight line with an arrowhead or round solid dot at one end and usually
drawn at angle. Points directly to a surface for the purpose of dimensioning or adding a note.
A dot may be used at the end of the straight line where reference is made to a surface area.

7. Cutting Plane Line. A thick broken line made up of a series of one long and two short
dashes alternately spaced. The arrowheads are placed at right angles to the cutting plane line.
The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the object.
The arrow points in the direction in which the section should be viewed. Letters next to the
arrowheads identify the section in cases where more than one section is shown on the
drawing. These lines are oriented vertically, horizontally, or at the actual angle at which the
part is drawn.

3
8. Section Lines. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken-arranged in specific patterns.
They may be shown either straight or curved. When shown straight, they are usually drawn
at a 450 angle. It is used to indicate the imaginary cut surface referred to by the cutting plane
line. To represent various kinds of materials.

9. Chain Line. Heavy, broken line made up of a series of long and short dashes alternately
spaced. It is used to indicate the location and extent of a surface.

__________ ____ __________

10. Short Break Line. Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to show a short break to
conserve space on a drawing.

11. Long Break Line. Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to show a long break to
conserve spaced on a drawing.

12. Phantom Line. Light, broken line made up of a series of long and two short dashes used to
show alternate positions of a part; to show relationship of existing part to new part; and to
show machined surfaces.

__________ __ __ ________ __ __ __________

4
 SUMMATIVE TEST WEEK 3

TEST I
Multiple Choice:

Directions: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter
only in your answer sheet.

1. Fine lines with arrowheads usually touch the extension lines and show distance given by the dimensions.
a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
2. The purpose of this line is to indicate where an imaginary cut is made through the object.
a. Hidden Lines c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
3. Series of fine lines-solid or solid and broken arranged in specific patterns used to represent various kinds of
materials.
a. Chain Line c. Section Line
b. Break Line d. Phantom line

4. Fine lines that extend from the object with a slight break between and it is used to show dimensioning points.
a. Chain Line c. Section Line
b. Object Line d. Extension Line

5. Used to show the visible shape of the object.

a. Chain Line c. Section Line
b. Object Line d. Extension Line

6. Ruled, light line with freehand zigzags used to show a long break to conserve
spaced on a drawing.

a. Chain Line c. Section Line

b. Long Break Line d. Phantom line

7. Heavy, irregular line drawn freehand used to show a short break to conserve
space on a drawing.

a. Short Break Line c. Section Line

b. Long Break Line d. Phantom line
8. Fine, broken line made up of a series of short and long dashes alternately
spaced.
a. Center line c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines
9.Broken line of medium thickness and used to show the edges and outlines not
visible to the eye.
a. Hidden lines c. Extension Lines
b. Dimension Lines d. Cutting Plane Lines

10 Light, broken line made up of a series of long and two short dashes used to show alternate positions of a part
a. Phantom line c. Section Line
b. Long Break Line d. Short Break Line

5
TEST II

Directions: Arrange the letters to form word or related to Alphabet of lines. Write your answer to the
space provided.

1. JOTECB INEL = ______________________

2. DDIHEN NILE = _______________________
3. TRECEN ELNI = ________________________
4. NOISNETXE LIEN = _______________________
5. NISONEMID IENL= ________________________
6. IELN REDEA _______________________
7. INGCUTT ANEPAL = ________________________
8. NITSECO = ________________________
9. AINCH= _______________________
10. ORTHS BERAK = ________________________

TEST III

PERFORMANCE TASK

ESSAY QUESTION

1. Why is ti important to recognize the Alphabet of lines?

2. How can we define Alphabet of lines?

References
 Welding Technology, Second Edition by Gower A. Kennedy

 Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American welding

Society

6
  Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V. Johnson

Grade
12

TVL-IA
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
NCII

QUARTER 1 – MODULE
WK 4

WELD CARBON STEEL PIPE USING SMAW

7
INTRODUCTION

This lesson covers the knowledge skills and attitude required for interpreting
standard drawing symbols, dimensional tolerances and notations according to
specification.

Assessment Criteria:

1. Drawing symbols are interpreted according to drawing standards.

2. Dimensional tolerance, notations are interpreted according to specifications.

Definition of Terms

Weld Joints- refers to how the parts to be welded are assembled prior to welding

Weld Symbols-miniature drawing of the metal edge preparation prior to welding. Provide the
means of placing complete welding information on drawings.

Supplementary Symbols- are symbols that provide additional requirements or instruction

Interpret Standard Drawing Symbols, Dimensional Tolerances and Notations

Welding Symbol

Location of Elements: The elements of a welding symbol have standard locations with respect to each
other.

Location Significance of Arrow: The arrow element in a welding symbol in conjunction with the reference
line determines the arrow side and other side of a weld.

The symbol depicting an arrow side weld is always placed below the reference line. The arrow side is
always closest to the reader when viewed from the bottom of the drawing. The weld symbol depicting
other side weld is placed above the reference line, away from the reader. Welds on both side of a joint are
shown by placing weld symbols on both sides of the reference line.

Some weld symbols have no arrow or other side significance. However, supplementary symbols used in
conjunction with these weld symbols may have such significance. For example, welding symbols for
resistance spot and seam welding have no side significance, but GTAW, EBW, or other spot and seam
welds may have arrow and other side.

References: When a specification, process, test, or other references is needed to clarify a welding symbol,
the reference is placed in a tail on the welding symbol. The letters CJP may be used in the tail of the arrow
to indicate that a complete joint penetration groove weld is required, regardless of the type of weld or joint
preparation. The tail may be omitted when no specification, process, or other reference is required with a
welding symbol.

Dimensions: Dimensions of a weld are shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol.
The size of the weld is shown to the left of the weld symbol, and the length of the weld is placed on the

8
right. If a length is not given, the weld symbol applies to that portion of the joint between abrupt changes
in the direction of welding or between specified dimension lines. If a weld symbol is shown on each side
of the reference line, dimensions are required to be given for each weld even though both welds are
identical.

Either US Customary or SI units may be used when specifying dimensions. However, only one of the two
should be used for a product or project.

If a weld in a joint is to be intermittent, the length of the increments and the pitch (center-to-center
spacing) are placed to the right of the weld symbol.

The term weld symbol and welding symbol have different meanings. A weld symbol indicates the
required type of weld. The welding symbol includes the weld symbol and supplementary information. A
complete welding symbol consists of the following elements:

 Reference line
 Arrow
 Basic weld symbol
 Dimensions and other data
 Supplementary symbol
 Finish symbol
 Tail
 Specification, process and other references

F – Finish Symbol
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 A – Groove Angle: included angle of countersink for plug welds
R – Root Opening; depth of filling for plug and slot welds.
S – Depth of Bevel: size or strength for certain welds
E – Groove Weld Size
L – Length of Weld
P – Pitch of Weld: center-to-center spacing
T – Tail of Weld: specification, process of other reference (omitted when reference is not used
N – Number of Spot, Stud, or Projection Welds

- Field Weld

- Weld All Around

- Contour Symbol

In your work, you may be required to work from these drawings; therefore you should
understand the use and meaning of these symbols.

MEANING & USE OF SYMBOLS

An arc welding symbol consists of the main four parts

1. A reference line
2. An arrow.
3. A basic welding symbol
4. A tail

The basic symbol indicates the type of weld.

(Butt, fillet, etc.)

1. The reference line is a line connected to the arrow. The position of the basic symbol above or
beneath this line determines the location of the weld. The reference line is always drawn
parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing, or to the base line of a particular view.

10
2. The arrow indicates the position of the weld; it is drawn at an angle from the
end of the reference line to one side of the joint. This side is called the ‘arrow
side of the joint’. The opposite side is called the other side of the joint.

Arrow Location

Welds on the ‘arrow side of the joint’ are shown by inverting the weld symbol and placing it
beneath the reference line.

Symbol Indicating Fillet Weld

At Arrow Side of Joint

1. Welds on the ‘other side of the joint’ are shown by placing

the symbols above the reference line.

Symbol indicating fillet welds on the other side of joint.

2. Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by placing the

weld symbol above and below the reference line.

Fillet weld both sides of the joint

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3. Basic weld symbols describe the type of weld to be made. This symbol is a miniature drawing
of the metal’s edge preparation prior to welding. The basic weld symbol is only part of the
entire AWS welding symbol.

Form of Weld Weld Symbol Sectional Representation

Bead

Fillet

Square Butt

Single V Butt

Single Bevel Butt

Single U Butt

Single J Butt

Double V Butt

Double U Butt

Plug and Slot

12
 Stud

Surfacing

4. The tail is added to the symbol only when special notes are required. A number or letter code
used inside the tail direct the welder to special notes located elsewhere on the drawing. These
notes may specify the heat treatment, welding process used, or other information not given on
the welding symbol.

Welding Symbols

Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter
only in your answer sheet.

1. This is information used as a guide by the welder in constructing or assembling metal products.
a. Drawings c. Weld Symbols
b. Sketches d. Welding Symbols
2. When a dark triangle (flag) is placed as a typical part of the welding symbol, this means that
a. the project must have to be made
b. the project is to be made on site
c. the project is to be made on shop
d. the project is to be made as the need arises
3. Reference line is known to be as __________ of the welding symbol.
a. main part c. longest part
b. primary part d. main and longest part
4. Parts of the welding symbol used to indicate position of the weld.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow
b. Weld Symbol d. Tail
5. The symbol triangle attached to the reference line indicates the type of weld.
a. Bead c. Square Butt Weld
b. Fillet d. Single V Butt Weld
6. This type of weld attached below the reference line indicating that the weld is to be made.
a. Arrow side of the joint b. Both sides of the joint
b. Other side of the joint c. None of the above
7. What is the purpose of surfacing symbol?
a. apply stringer bead c. building-up the surface
b. filling-up the surface d. all of the above

13
8. When special notes are required for the welder be informed, part of the welding symbol is
indicated.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow
b. Weld Symbol d. Tail
9. Basic weld symbol is only a part of the welding symbol indicating the
a. position of the weld c. size of the weld
b. types of weld d. especial notes required
10. This symbol is a miniature drawing of the metal’s edge preparation prior to welding.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow
b. Weld Symbol d. Tail

Supplementary Symbols

Supplementary symbols can be placed above or below the basic symbol, or at the intersection
of the reference line and the arrow. Dimensions and reference to specifications, or welding procedures
may also be added.

1. Weld all around is a circle drawn on the welding symbol, indicating that the described weld is to
be made all around the part.

2. Field weld symbol is a symbol added to the basic AWS welding symbol to indicate that a weld is
to be made at the job site (“ in the field”), rather than in a fabricating shop.

3. Melt through is a complete joint penetration for a joint welded from one side and visible root
reinforcement is produced.

4. Backing symbol is an open rectangular box used in combination with a groove weld symbol
located on the reference line indicating that locating materials is required on the opposite side
control penetration.

5. Spacer symbol is an open box that intersects the reference line, indicating that a spacer is placed
between joint.

Contour and Finish Symbol

1. Flush contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol and indicates the weld should be
approximately a flat plane with the surface.

14
2. Convex contour symbol is located on the side as the symbol and indicates that the weld should be
raised or convex shape.

3. Concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the symbol indicates that the weld should
be concave shape.

4. If the contour requires finishing, a finishing symbol will be sued in conjunction with the contour
symbol, a letter G indicate grinding, C indicate shipping, M indicate machining, and U indicate
unspecified which local method should be used.
Self – Check 3.2

Supplementary Symbols

Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter
only in your answer sheet.

1. This symbol indicating that the joint/welds cannot be made in the shop but rather it will be made
on site.
a. Weld all around c. melt through
b. Field weld symbol d. spacer
2.Melt through symbol shows that the required output of welding should be
a. visible face reinforcement c. burn through
b. visible root reinforcement d. penetration
3.Weld all around symbol is mostly applied on welded joints like
a. Pipe welded to similar diameter of pipe
b. Plate welded to plate with the same thickness
c. Pipe welded to plate
d. All of the above
4.Backing symbol is required to a butt joint.
a. Square butt joint c. Double V butt joint
b. Single V butt joint d. Double bevel butt joint
5.This symbol is required to control the penetration on the opposite side of the joint.
a. Melt through c. Backing symbol
b. Finish symbol d. Spacer
6.What finish symbol should be included when it requires 2-3 mm weld reinforcement above the
surface of the base metal?
a. finishing symbol c. convex contour symbol
b. flush contour symbol d. concave contour symbol
7.What should be included in the welding symbol when the welded joint requires grinding?
a. finishing symbol c. convex contour symbol
b. flush contour symbol d. concave contour symbol
8.The appearance of the weld profile with the flush contour symbol included in the welding
symbol is
a. weld is underfill
15
 b. weld should be grinded
c. weld raised above the surface of the base metal
d. weld is approximately flat with surface of the base metal
9.When concave contour symbol is located on the same side as the weld symbol, this indicates that
a. weld is underfill
b. weld should be grinded
c. weld should be raised above the surface of the base metal
d. weld is approximately flat with surface of the base metal
10.Melt through is included in the welding symbol indicating that
a. weld size is enough
b. weld is burn through
c. c. penetration is too much
d. d. accepted joint penetration

Typical Welding Symbols

Information given on the welding symbol must always be shown in the designated location
on the symbol. These locations are determined by the side of the reference line on which the weld symbol
is placed.

Weld Symbols

Weld symbols are intended to be based in conveying the information among the designer, shop and
fabrication personnel.
 Type of joint
 Type of joint preparation
 Side of groove preparation and welding
 Type of weld
 Size of weld
a. Type of Joint
A joint is a junction of members or the edges of members that are to be joined or have been joined.
The five basic joints used in welding are:
A. Fillet weld

Dimension of fillet welds are shown on the same side of the reference line as the weld
symbol and are shown to the left of the symbol. When both sides of a joint have the same size fillet
welds, one or both may be dimensioned. When both sides of a joint have different size fillet welds,
both are dimensioned. When the dimensions of one or both welds differ from the dimensions given
in the general notes, both welds are dimensioned. The size of a fillet weld unequal legs is shown in
parentheses to the left of the weld symbol. The length of a fillet weld, when indicated on the
welding symbol, is shown to the right of the weld symbol. In intermittent fillet welds, the length
and pitch increments are placed to the right of the weld symbol. The first number represents the
length of the weld, and the second number represents the pitch or the distance between the centers
of two welds.
A.1 Equal Leg Fillet Weld – Both Sides

16
A.2.Equal Leg Chain Intermittent – Both Sides

A.3. Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld

B. Groove Weld

In groove weld preparation, the root opening is given inside the weld symbol. The groove angle is
shown just outside the weld symbol. The depth of penetration is given on the left side of the
welding symbol. Weld size may also be given in this same location.

Edges of metal over ¼” (6.4 mm) thick are always prepared in some way before making a groove
weld, in order to ensure 100% penetration. The groove weld size is the depth to which a weld
penetrates the joint from the surface of the base metal. The desired depth of preparation and the
depth of the weld penetration are generally determined by codes or specifications.
.

Plate Thickness = 3/8“

Depth of Groove =1/4”
Weld Size = 3/8“
Groove Angle = 600
Root Gap = 1/8“

17
B.1. Square Butt Groove

Closed Square Butt Groove Double Open Square Butt Groove

Weld Size = 1/4”

Weld Size =1/4”
Closed Butt Groove = No Gap
Root Gap = 1/8”

B.2 Single Vee Groove

C. Plug Welds

Holes in the arrow side member of a joint for plug welding are indicated by placing the
weld symbol below the reference line. Holes in the other side member of the joint for plug welding
are indicated by placing the weld symbol above the reference line. Refer to the figure for the
location of the dimensions used for plug welding.

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 SUMMATIVE TEST WEEK (4)

TEST I
I. Multiple Choice:

Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter only in
your answer sheet.

1.This is information used as a guide by the welder in constructing or assembling metal

products.
a. Drawings c. Weld Symbols b. Sketches d. Welding Symbols
2.Parts of the welding symbol used to indicate position of the weld.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow b. Weld Symbol d. Tail
3.The symbol triangle attached to the reference line indicates the type of weld.
a. Bead c. Square Butt Weld b. Fillet d. Single V Butt Weld
4.When special notes are required for the welder to be informed, part of the welding
symbol is indicated.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow b. Weld Symbol d. Tail
5. This symbol is a miniature drawing of the metal’s edge preparation prior to welding.
a. Reference Line c. Arrow b. Weld Symbol d. T
6. It’s indicated by placing the weld symbol below the reference line.
a. Plug weld b. Fillet weld c. Square Butt Groove d. Single Vee Groove
7. The root opening is given inside the weld symbol.
a. Groove weld b. Fillet weld c. Square Butt Groove d. Single Vee Groove
8. Located on the same side as the symbol and indicates the weld should be approximately a flat plane
with the
surface.
a. Flush contour symbol c. Concave contour symbol
b. Convex contour symbol d. Finishing symbol
9. Located on the side as the symbol and indicates that the weld should be raised or convex shape.
a. Flush contour symbol c. Concave contour symbol
b. Convex contour symbol d. Finishing symbol
10. Located on the same side as the symbol indicates that the weld should be concave shape.
a. Flush contour symbol c. Concave contour symbol
b. Convex contour symbol d. Finishing symbol

TEST II

DEFINE THE NAME OF THE DRAWING IN WELD SYMBOLS

1. _________________

2. __________________

3. _________________

4 ____________________

5. _____________
19
 6.
______________

7.
_____________

8. ______________-

9.
______________

10.
________________

TEST III
PERFORMANCE TASK

ESSAY QUESTION

1. How important symbols are in welding?

2. What elements of the Welding symbols are required?

References
Welding Technology, Second Edition by Gower A. Kennedy
Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American welding Society
Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V. Johnson

20
 ANSWER SHEET WEEK 3

NAME: ______________________________ YEAR/ SECTION: ___________

SUBJECT TEACHER: ___________________ SCORE ______________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

II. ARRANGE THE LETTER OF ALPHABET OF LINES.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

III.PERFORMANCE TASK

1.

2.

21
 ANSWER SHEET WEEK 4

NAME: ______________________________ YEAR/ SECTION: ___________

SUBJECT TEACHER: ___________________ SCORE ______________

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

II. DEFINE THE NAME OF WELD SYMBOLS 1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

III.PERFORMANCE TASK

1.

2.

22