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Partial Pivoting Gaussian Elimination All

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Mahek Attar
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13 views

Partial Pivoting Gaussian Elimination All

Uploaded by

Mahek Attar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simultaneous Linear Equations Naïve Gauss Elimination

Pitfalls
Gaussian Elimination
with Partial Pivoting

http://nm.mathforcollege.com

Pitfall#1. Division by zero Is division by zero an issue here?


Is division by zero an issue here? YES Pitfall#2. Large Round-off Errors

Exact Solution

Division by zero is a possibility at any step


of forward elimination

Pitfall#2. Large Round-off Errors Pitfall#2. Large Round-off Errors

Solve it on a computer using 6 significant digits with chopping Solve it on a computer using 5 significant digits with chopping

Is there a way to reduce the round off error?


Avoiding Pitfalls Avoiding Pitfalls

Increase the number of significant digits Gaussian Elimination with Partial Pivoting
• Decreases round-off error • Avoids division by zero
• Does not avoid division by zero • Reduces round off error

What is Different About Partial


Gauss Elimination with Partial Pivoting?
Pivoting At the beginning of the kth step of forward elimination,
find the maximum of

If the maximum of the values is


in the p th row, then switch rows p and k.
http://nm.MathForCollege.com
Example (2nd step of FE) Example (2nd step of FE)

Which two rows would you switch? Switched Rows

Gaussian Elimination
with Partial Pivoting
A method to solve simultaneous linear Gauss Elimination with Partial
equations of the form [A][X]=[C] Pivoting
Example
Two steps
1. Forward Elimination
2. Back Substitution
Example 2
Solve the following set of equations Example 2 Cont.
by Gaussian elimination with partial
pivoting

1. Forward Elimination
2. Back Substitution

Number of Steps of Forward Elimination

Number of steps of forward elimination is (n


Forward Elimination 1)=(31)=2
Forward Elimination: Step 1 Forward Elimination: Step 2
• Examine absolute values of first column, first row • Examine absolute values of second column, second row
and below. and below.

• Largest absolute value is 144 and exists in row 3. • Largest absolute value is 2.917 and exists in row 3.
• Switch row 1 and row 3.
• Switch row 2 and row 3.

Gaussian Elimination with Partial


Pivoting Solution

Back Substitution

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