Science 7

Quarter 2 – Module 4
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
 7

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
(Week 5)
 What I Need to Know

The beginning of a new life is truly a remarkable event. The sight of a chick
making its way out of the cracked shell or a germinating seed slowly pushing
through the soil can leave one fascinated. The ability of an organism to produce
new individuals is one of the characteristics that distinguishes living things from
nonliving things. This ability is called reproduction.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Modes of Reproduction

Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of: (S7LT-IIe-5)

1. Number of individuals involved;

2. Similarities of offspring to parents

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe asexual and sexual reproduction.

2. identify the differences and similarities of asexual and sexual reproduction; and

3. determine the types of asexual reproduction.

 What I Know

Pre-Assessment

Direction: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate
answer sheet for the answer.

1. Which of the following structures are NOT involved in asexual reproduction?

a. gametes c. stem

b. root d. tuber

2. A farmer grew only one type of onion. All of the onion plants died from the
same disease. What can be said of this onion plant population?

a. The onion plants were genetically identical.

b. Only a few plants were resistant to the disease.

c. All of the onion plants were resistant to the disease.

d. The onion plants were genetically different from each other.

3. A farmer wants to propagate a good variety of a crops in a way which

maintained all its desirable traits. Which of the following methods should be
used?

a. Self-pollination

b. Vegetative propagation

c. Growing seeds produced from this variety

d. Cross-pollinating this crop with another good variety and growing the
seeds resulting from the cross.

4. A sperm cell unites with an egg cell to form zygote. Which process is taking
place?

a. asexual reproduction c. pollination

b. a sperm cell only d. vegetative propagation

5. In sexual reproduction, what is the source of the genetic material in a zygote?

a. an egg cell only c. a pollen and a sperm cell

 b. a sperm cell only d. an egg cell and a sperm cell

6. Which species can produce offspring that are genetically different from their
parents?

a. A species that has few variations.

b. A species that reproduces sexually.

c. A species that reproduces asexually.

d. A species that competes with similar species.

7. What is NOT a characteristic of sexual reproduction?

a. Gametes from two parents unite to form a zygote.

b. Offspring are genetically identical with the parent.

c. Offspring are different from their parents and sibling.

d. Genetic variability of offspring helps to ensure survival in changing

environmental conditions.

8. What is found in chromosomes which are in turn located in the nucleus of

cells?

a. roots c. stem

b. buds d. genes

9. What is another type of asexual reproduction wherein a new individual may

form as an outgrowth of the parent?

a. Vegetative propagation c. regeneration

b. Budding d. spore formation

10. What is an example of a microorganism that reproduces by conjugation and

can be found in freshwater habitats such as ponds and rivers?

a. spirogyra c. gumamela

b. hydra d. yeast
 Lesson

1 MODES OF REPRODUCTION

What’s In
Good day students! Have you ever wondered how does a plant and animal
reproduce its self?

This time, you will learn the different ways on how the plant and animal
reproduce their own specie. Does plant and animal reproduce similarly? What are
the components on how they reproduce their offspring?

What’s New
In the previous modules, you have already begun to explore the diversity of
organisms. These organisms bring about the continuation of their own kind
through reproduction. And although these organisms have different methods of
reproduction, every method leads to the beginning of a new life.

This module will discuss the different modes of reproduction in

representative plants, animals, and microorganisms. Investigations are included
in this module to help you understand the different ways that organisms reproduce
and differentiate the offspring resulting from each mode of reproduction.
 What is It

In order to continue their own kind, organisms must reproduce. Organisms may
reproduce either asexually or sexually.

I. Asexual Reproduction

There are several ways by which organisms reproduce asexually. From a single potato,
several new potato plants can be produced. Potato “eyes” are axillary buds where shoots
can emerge. Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction where a new
individual, known as the offspring, is produced from a single parent.

Aside from potatoes, many economically important plants can be propagated

vegetatively. The kalanchoe, a medicinal plant, can reproduce through its leaves
(Figure 1). Plantlets can grow around the leaf margin.

Figure 1. Plantlets grow around the leaf margins of the Kalanchoe.

Do you know other examples of plants that can be propagated through

vegetative reproduction?

In the lower grades, you have learned that during reproduction, certain traits
are passed on from parent to offspring. These traits are in the form of codes
contained in genes. Genes are found in chromosomes which are in turn located in
the nucleus of cells.
 In asexual reproduction, the parent and the resulting offspring have the
same genes and this is the reason why they have the same traits. In other words,
we can say that they are genetically identical.

Why do we use vegetative propagation to grow plants? Vegetative propagation

results in plants that reach maturity faster than plants grown from seeds. Another
good thing about vegetative propagation is that the same good agricultural traits
such as taste, yield, and resistance to pests will be passed on from generation to
generation. But one disadvantage is that the population might be wiped out if
environmental conditions become unfavorable.

Let us now look at other types of asexual reproduction.

The cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell
continues to grow until it becomes as large as the parent cell. This type of asexual
reproduction is called fission.

Budding

Budding is another type of asexual reproduction. Yeast, hydra, and sponges

reproduce this way. Figure 4 shows how yeast, a microorganism used in baking,
reproduces by budding. In budding, a new individual may form as an outgrowth of
the parent. The outgrowth separates from the parent and becomes a new
individual.

Figure 2. Budding in yeast.

Spore formation

Have you seen a piece of bread with mold growing on it? The black, round
structure at the tip of a stalk is called a spore case which contains the spores.
When the spore case opens, the tiny spores are released and may be carried by
wind or water. Once the spore lands on a favorable environment, it develops into a
new organism. Under the microscope, a bread mold with a spore case looks like
the one in Figure 3.

spore case

stalk

Figure 3. Bread mold spore case

Formation of spore is another type of asexual reproduction common among

molds or fungi.

Regeneration

Animals can also reproduce by regeneration. Did you know that when a
hydra is cut into several pieces, a process known as fragmentation, each piece can
grow into another hydra? In certain types of starfish, an arm that breaks off from
the body can develop into a new individual.

Figure 4. hydra’s steps on reproducing its own

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 II. Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that involves two parents.

Parents produce reproductive cells called gametes through a type of cell division
called meiosis. Meiosis will be discussed in detail in Grade 8.

Gametes from the two parents unite in a process called fertilization. The
fertilized cell is referred to as a zygote which develops into a new organism.

Organisms reproduce sexually in a number of ways. Let us take a look at

the different ways how representative microorganisms, plants, and animals
reproduce sexually.

Conjugation

Some microorganisms undergo sexual reproduction by a process called

conjugation. An example of a microorganism that reproduces by conjugation is
Spirogyra, a green alga. Spirogyra can be found in freshwater habitats such as
ponds and rivers.

During conjugation, a bridge forms between two cells of two Spirogyra

filaments lying side by side. The contents of one cell pass into the other cell through
the bridge, emptying the other cell. The contents of both cells combine in the other
cell and form the zygote. This zygote is able to secrete a substance that forms a
wall around itself for protection against unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g.
when the pond dries up). When conditions become suitable for growth and
development, the zygote grows into a new individual.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

The flower is the reproductive organ in flowering plants. Flowers have

structures that produce the gametes necessary for reproduction. Let us take a
look at the parts of a gumamela flower.
 What’s More
Activity 1.1: Plants! Plants! Plants!

Objectives

After you have performed this activity, you should be able to:

a) distinguish and identify plants that reproduces in five different ways

b) describe by illustrating each of the five ways in which organisms reproduce

asexually.

Direction: There are five major ways in which organisms reproduce asexually. In
each of the following boxes, label a different method of asexual reproduction and
sketch one organism that uses that method. To the right of each box, list as
many organisms as you can that reproduce using that method.

Organism

Organisms

Organism
 Organisms

Organisms

Activity 1.2: Reproduce Its Own

Objectives

After you have performed this activity, you should be able to:

a) distinguish the some plants that reproduces in different types of

asexual reproduction.

b) describe each plant in their ways of reproduction.

Direction: Complete the table 1 by referring to the pictures shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows four plants that reproduce without seeds. Look at it and complete the

table below.
Table 1

Diagram Plant part used in Plant that How does

reproduces this reproduction
reproduction way. occur?

www.ardenguides.com

Activity 1.3: Asexual or Sexual?

Objectives

After you have performed this activity, you should be able to:
a) distinguish the some plants that reproduces in different types of asexual
reproduction.

b) describe each plant in their ways of reproduction.

Genetic information of the

offspring is the same as
the parent.

Two parents are needed

for this type of
reproduction.

Many animals and plants

carry out this type of
reproduction.

A smaller number of
offspring are created.

When genes combine a

totally unique organism is
created.

The form of reproduction

only requires one parent.

More offspring are usually

created this way.

These organisms can

reproduce without a mate.

Can be carried out by

plants, animals, fungi and
bacteria.

Requires one male and one

female.

extension.oregonstate.edu
 What I Have Learned

Sexual Reproduction in Humans and Animals

Humans (and all animals that reproduce sexually) have cells called gametes.
Gametes are formed during meiosis and come in the form of sperm (produced by
males) or eggs (produced by females). When conditions are right, sperm and egg
unite in a process known as fertilization. The resulting fertilized egg, or zygote,
contains genes from both parents.

Comparison of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

In asexual reproduction, a single organism is the sole parent and the

offspring is genetically identical to the parent.

In sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring that have unique

combinations of genes. Offspring of sexual reproduction differ genetically from their
siblings and both parents.

What I Can Do

Activity 1: Structure of a Gumamela flower

Objectives

After you have performed this activity, you should be able to:
a) distinguish the male and the female reproductive structures of a gumamela flower

b) identify each part of the gumamela flower.

Direction:

extension.oregonstate.edu

Pollination brings together the gametes of a flower and it occurs when a

pollen grain of the right kind lands on the stigma of the pistil. Each pollen forms a
tube that grows down through the pistil and reaches the ovule in the ovary. One
of the nuclei in the pollen tube unites with the egg nucleus in the ovule to form a
zygote. The other sperm nucleus combines with another bigger nucleus in the
ovule which develops into the endosperm.
 Answer Key

Pre-Assessment

1.a. 6.a.

2.a. 7.c.

3.b. 8.d.

4.b. 9.b.

5.d. 10.a.

What’s New

1. Vegetatively -answer may vary

2. Fission – answer may vary

3. Budding – answer may vary

4. Spore formation – answer may vary

5. Regeneration – answer may vary

What’s More

Diagram Plant part used Plant that How does

in reproduces this reproduction
way. occur?
reproduction

A Bulbs Onion, garlic, Underground

daffodils, lilies, food storage
tulips, amaryllis organs with
fleshy leaves that
store food and
can grow and
develop into new
plants.

B Tubers Potato, radish, As a result of the

carrots, beets, tiny scale leaves
equipped with
 turnips, buds that grow
rutabagas,parsnips on its surface.
Each of these
buds can form a
new plant,
genetically
identical to the
parent.

C Stem Celery, ginger, Using sections of

gladiola, dahlia, above ground
begonia, stems that
beloperone, African contain nodes
violet and internodes is
an effective way
to propagate.
These stem
cuttings produce
roots and
eventually new
plants.

D Roots Carrot, oxalis, As a plant

dahlia, becomes well
bryophyllum established, the
quantity and
distribution of its
ability to absorb
moisture and
nutrients.
 What I Can Do

What I Have Learned

Sexual Reproduction

Genetic information of the offspring is the same with the parent

Two parents are needed in this type of reproduction

A smaller number of offspring are created

When genes combine a totally unique organism created

Requires one male and one female

Asexual Reproduction

Many plants and animals carry out this type of reproduction

This form of reproduction requires only one parent

More offspring are usually created this way

These organisms can reproduce without a mate

Can be carried out by plants, animals, fungi and bacteria

 References

Books

"Science Learner’s Material." First Edition, 2017, by Department of

Education.Republic of the Philippines

Internet Sources

www.ardenguides.com

extension.oregonstate.edu

sarthaks eConnect

www.shutterstock.com
 SECOND QUARTER-MODULE 4
WEEK 5

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________

Grade level & Section: _____________________ Score: ________________
Title of the Activity: “TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION”
Activity 1:
Most Essential Learning Competency: Differentiate asexual from
sexual reproduction in terms of 1. number of individuals involved; 2.
similarities of offspring to parents
K-12 BEC CG: S7LT-IIg-7

I. Direction: Identify how do the organisms reproduce. Choose your answer from
the box. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

Vegetative Propagation Regeneration Binary Fission Budding

______________1. Flatworms ______________7. Starfish

http://cleanwater.uwex.edu/pubs/clipart/critters.plan.htm https://www.pinclipart.com/pindetail/iTJowJJ_starfishclipart-clip-art-
starfish-cartoon-png/ -

__________2. Jelly Fish ______________8. Eubacteria

https://wikiclipart.com/jellyfish-clipart/ C https://webstockreview.net/explore/bacteria-clipart-eubacteria/

______________3. Yeast ______________9. Cyanobacteria

https://www.gograph.com/vector-clip-art/yeast.html https://www.dreamstime.com/web-image140038912

______________4. Lizards ______________10. Protozoa

vector/https://alldownload/gecko_312575.html-free-download.com/free- https://www.abcteach.com/documents/clipbw-i-abcteachcom--47537art-soil -ecology-icons-protozoa-

______________5. Spiders ______________11. Hydra

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/437060338818258746/ https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/freshwater-hydra.html

______________6. Sponges ______________12. Strawberries

https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/sea- http://clipart-library.com/free/strawberry-black-and-white.html
sponges-gm505019480-83461117
 II. Answer the following questions: (2 points each)
Rubrics: 2 points- With correct answer. 1 point-with answer but not correct.0-
No answer
1. Describe asexual reproduction.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. What is the difference between regeneration and fragmentation?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. What is vegetative propagation?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4. What part of the cactus can be propagated?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

III. Direction: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits

each clue.

ACROSS DOWN
2. It is a kind of asexual reproduction where 1. A type of asexual reproduction, in which the
new individual, known as the offspring is organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or
produced from a single parent. spores, each of which eventually develops into
3. It is the process by which some organisms an organism like the parent form.
replace or restore lost or amputated body parts 5. Type of asexual reproduction, in which a new
and each part can develop into a new individual. individual may form as an outgrowth of the
parent. The outgrowth separates from the
4. The cell divides to form two identical daughter
parent and becomes a new individual.
cells. Each daughter cells continues to grow until
it becomes as large as the parent cell.