Memory Hierarchy
Memory Hierarchy
Falguni Sinhababu
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology
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HIERARCHICAL MEMORY TECHNOLOGY
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Memory Hierarchy Design 9-Apr-24 4
Bit a single binary digit (0 or 1)
Nibble Collection of 4 bits
Byte Collection of 8 bits
Word Word size" refers to the number
of bits processed by a computer's CPU in one
go (these days, typically 32 bits or 64 bits).
Data bus size, instruction size, address size are
usually multiples of the word size.
Dynamic RAM:
Significantly slower than SRAM, but much less expansive (1 transistor/bit).
Requires periodic refreshing.
Flash memory:
Non-volatile memory technology that uses floating-gate MOS transistors.
Slower than DRAM, but higher packaging density and lower cost per bit.
Magnetic Disk:
Provide large amount of storage, with very low cost per bit.
Much slower than DRAM, and also flash memory.
Requires mechanical moving parts, and uses magnetic recording technology.
Physical Characteristics:
Volatile – SRAM, DRAM, Z-RAM, TTRAM, A-RAM, ETA RAM
non-volatile – ROM, FeRAM, CBRAM, NRAM, Millipede
c1 S1 c2S2
cos t c
S1 S 2
t A2 1
S
H .t A1 (1 H ).t A2 H / r (1 H )