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Chapter 2 Science Matter Energy and Systems Part 2

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18 views

Chapter 2 Science Matter Energy and Systems Part 2

Uploaded by

Janna Ann Jurial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science, Matter,

Energy and Systems


CHAPTER 2 – Part 2
Understanding and Managing Systems
Open and Closed Systems:
It’s a matter of
inputs and outputs
When you hear the word “system”, what words or
images come to mind?

Examples that come to mind…


solar system, digestive system, school
system, stereo system, respiratory system,
and muscular system

What’s a SYSTEM?
A system is made up of different parts that
come together to form a whole; a system is a
collection of things and processes that
interact to perform some function.
Why do we use systems?
• The world around us is so complex.

• To study everything all at once in its entirety


would be impossible and overwhelming…..

• So scientists break things down into smaller


related parts that they can study more easily and
we call these things systems….
What we know…

A system is two or more


individual parts working
together for a common
function (purpose) that
combine to form a whole.
Systems are similar because they are made up of several parts; if one
of these parts changes, it impacts the entire system.

However the purpose of the systems, and their inputs and outputs,
are different depending upon what you are studying.

SYSTEM INPUT SYSTEM OUTPUT


Any energy or matter that comes Any energy or matter that leaves a
into a system system and is a product of a system
We know about inputs and outputs

inputs—
things that get put in to make the system
function (not a part of the system).

outputs—
stuff that gets put out of a system,
sometimes what they do, and sometimes
other things (not a part of the system).
What kind of energy input is needed by these systems?

Reminder:
Inputs
In order to carry out their
purpose, systems need
an input of some kind of:
– Energy
– Matter
– Information
Forms of Energy Input
What kind of energy input is needed by these systems?

Reminder:
Outputs
Outputs from a system
can include:
– Energy
– Matter
– Information
Remember:
Inputs can become Outputs
Sometimes the output from one system
can be an input for another system.
That brings us to Open and Closed Systems

We can describe systems as being open or closed.


Open vs Closed Systems
In open systems matter and energy may flow in and
out of the system.
In closed systems only energy flows in or out…
the amount of matter stays the same.

CLOSED SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM

Surroundings

Exchange of matter with the surroundings


Exchange of energy with the surroundings
Open Systems

An open system is a system in


which both matter and energy
can enter and leave. Information
can also enter and leave.
• What kinds of energy are inputs
and outputs for this system?
• What kinds of matter are inputs
and outputs?
Closed Systems

In a closed system, matter


cannot enter and leave, only
energy and information can.

• What kinds of energy can enter


and leave this system?
• Why can matter not enter or
leave?
Subsystems

A subsystem is a system that is


part of another system. It’s a
system within a system.
Subsystems
How do we find the boundaries of a system?

Example:
The boundaries The bicycle seat, frame, wheels, brakes,
of a system is lights, etc… it’s all one physical part
together…if you take away one wheel
determined by now it’s a unicycle not a bike….
the question you
ask and how the
systems parts
work together

The boundaries define the system and what you’re studying.


Boundaries can change

Boundaries can
physically
change, like when
a part of a forest
is cut down

We can change boundaries For example, a doctor might consider


your whole body system to see if you
when we want to think are healthy overall, or just look at your
about just part of a system. throat if you have a sore throat.
How can systems change?

When their
boundary
changes, they can
become open or
closed.
Changing Boundaries: Example
Physical Boundary Change

Picture of
forest with
road through it.
Closed can become open; open can become closed

The closed system becomes open when an opening is


created in the actual physical boundary.
Closed can become open; open can become closed

• Plants are open systems.


• They have parts to help them
survive.
• They take in light energy, plus
matter (water and carbon
dioxide and minerals) and
give out matter (oxygen, new
growth, leaves, fruit).
Closed can become open; open can become closed

But if we expand our boundary to


include the whole mini ecosystem
that the plant is a part of, we are
looking at a closed system.

No matter can leave or enter the


bottle ecosystem, though light
and heat energy
Completed ecosystem in
a bottle from science kit.
Stump a friend

• Take a minute and think of an example


of a system that is open or closed. Why
do you think it is open or closed?

• Now, ask your friend about your system.


Do they agree or disagree? How can you
decide who is correct?
Why use systems?

 Because the universe is complex and gigantic.

 So, scientists break things into smaller units they call


“systems”. That way, they don’t have to try to study
everything at once. They can look at it system by
system—or systematically.
Thank you!

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