PRA C T I C E T ES T 2

Directions
'
Items in the �rst pdrt of this section are incomplete sentences. Under eqch of
these sentences, there are four words or phrases. You will choose the one
word or phrase-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-that best completes the sentence.

EXAMPLE I
Reflexes very valuable in protecting the body against harm.
(A) that are
(B) being
(C) are
(D) are being
The sentence should read, "Reflexes are very valuable in protecting the body
against harm." You should therefore choose (C).

EXAMPLE II
Seismographs are used to locate oil, to determine ocean depth, and ___

and measure earthquakes.

(A) detect
(B) to detect
(C) be detecting
(D) are detecting
The sentence should read, "Seismographs are used to locate oil, to determine
ocean depth, and to detect and measure earthquakes. " You should therefore
choose (B).

1 60
 PRACTICE TEST 2 161

1 . The core of the moon i s much 6. mosquito bites a

smaller, in relation to its size, human being or other animal
of the planets suffering from a certain disease,
(A) those it carries off the disease germs
(B) than those in its saliva.
(C) ones (A) A
(D) than are those (B) Should a
(C) Whenever a
2. Silver is sometimes mixed with
(D) That a
copper an alloy that is
harder and stronger than pure 7. in 1 607, Jamestown in
silver. Virginia was the ftrst settlement
(A) to form in the New World.
(B) forms (A) Founded
(C) it forms (B) It was founded
(D) the forming of (C) Founding
(D) To be found
3. Samuel Clemens,
under the pen name Mark 8. Both the lantern ftsh and the
Twain, created characters that deep sea angler a
reflected purely American traits luminous gland system in their
and habits. bodies.
(A) he wrote (A) they have
(B) and he wrote (B) have
(C) who wrote (C) had
(D) wrote (D) having
4. beetles have hard 9. An effective paragraph must
wing cases that protect the be unilled and
wings when not in use. ordered but also complete.
(A) Of all (A) in addition
(B) All (B) either
(C) Because all (C) not only
(D) They are all (D) as well
5. Not anywhere in the 10. , the Mormons fled
thirteen colonies before the from Illinois in 1846.
American Revolution. (A) Their religious beliefs
(A) a single bank made
(B) a bank existed single (B) Their religious beliefs
(C) existed a single bank because
(D) a single bank existed (C) Because their beliefs,
religious
(D) Because of their religious
beliefs
1 62 TOEFL GRAMMAR FLASH

11. Aristotle, the greatest 14. Henry Ford, , was an

of the Greek philosophers, outstanding innovator.
wrote extensively about physics (A) he founded the Ford
and other sciences. Motor Company
(A) one of (B) founded the Ford Motor
(B) he is one of Company
(C) of (C) who founded the Ford
(D) it is he one of Motor Company
(D) the Ford Motor Company
12. Exactly we can
founded
replace our soil disappearing
through erosion is not known. 15. Pheasants spend most of their
(A) what time on the ground,
(B) how many species perch in trees at
(C) if night.
(D) by which (A) as well as
13. varieties of potato
(B) in spite of
(C) because
that produce three-quarters of
(D) although
the U.S. potato crop.
(A) There are four
(B) They are four
(C) Four of the
(D) Of the four
 PRACTICE TEST 2 1 63

Directions
The rest of the items in this section consist of sentences in which four words
or phrases have been underlined. You must identify the one underlined
expression-{A), (B), (C), or (D)-that must be changed in order to correct
the sentence.

EXAMPLE I
Navajo Indians are far more numerous today � they were � the past.
A B C D
The sentence should read, "Navajo Indians are far more numerous today
than they were in the past." You should therefore choose answer (C).
Though it is one of the rarest metals, gold was one of the first to be
A B C
discover.
D
The sentence should read, "Though it is one of the rarest metals, gold was
one of the first to be discovered. " You should therefore choose answer (D).
Though it is one of the rarest metals, gold was one of the first to be
A B C
discover.
D
The sentence should read, "Though it is one of the rarest metals, gold was
one of the first to be discovered. " You should therefore choose answer (D).

16. Wind erodes the land by picking up grains of sand and hurling it against
A B C D
rocks.

17. The Kodak was the first camera designed specifically for both mass
A B C
production or amateur use.
D
18. Phlebitis, an inflammation of a vein, can develop in any part � the body,
A B
but it most commonly occurs in their legs.
C D
19. Certain b.acteria can capture light energy and uses it to make food.
A B C D
1 64 TOEFL GRAMMAR FLASH

20. During the 1 850s and 1 860s many people began to experiment with the
A B C
artist possibilities of photography.
D
21. Aristotle believed that the mind or soul, who the Greeks called psyche,
A B
was separate from the body.
C D
22. The earth is the only planet with a large number of oxygen in its
A B C D
atmosphere.

23. The exciting, naturally, free movement of modem dance began with
A B C D
Isadora Duncan.

24. Albany, !!: city on the Hudson River, was the capital of New York State
A B C D
since 1 797.

25. Birds have a poor sense of smell but very good hearings and eyesight.
A B C D
26. Placebos look like real drugs, but most consist only !!:! sugar or a salt
A B C D
solution.

27. The Pueblo Indians have traditionally live in stone or adobe structures
A B C
that resemble apartment buildings.
D
28. Fabrics woven from plastic fibers feel soft, but the fibers are make from
A B C
hard plastics.
D
29. In about 1 960, chemists have developed synthetic pheromones that are
A B C
used to control insect pests.
D
30. The spinal cord is the main pathway for messages traveling between the
A B C
brain � the rest of the body.
D
 PRACTICE TEST 2 1 65

31. After Yellowstone National Park was set up in 1 87 1 as the first National
A B
Park, another national parks have been established throughout the
C D
world.

32. Nearly all chemical agents are hannful to living tissue if enough of them
A B C
is taken.
D
33. 1n 1875, the American philosopher William James founded what was
A B
probable the world's fust psychology laboratory.
C D
34. Few natural prairie regions remain in the world because of most of them
A B C
have been turned into farms or grazing land.
D
35. Most species of pigeons live in flocks, and many of the flocks consist
A B C
more than one species.
D
36. Astronomers do not think are there � planets in the solar system
A B C D
beyond Pluto.

37. When an enemy scares a porcupine fish, it enters a hole in a rock and
A B
to fill its stomach with water to make its spines stick out.
C D
38. Robert Frost was not well known � a poet until he reached the forties.
A B C D
39. Mushrooms get their food by to cause vegetable matter to decay.
A B C D
40. The pharynx plays an important significant role in speech, especially �
A B C D
the production of vowel sounds.