Scribd
Upload
11 views

Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction

Uploaded by

Dhimanrishit21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction

Uploaded by

Dhimanrishit21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

CHAPTER 6: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

SELF INDUCTION:
● It is define as a property of the coil by virtue of which it opposes the
change in the strength of the current flowing through it by inducing a
current in itself.

● Self-induced EMF is also called back EMF because it opposes any


change in the current in a circuit.
● Self-inductance plays the role of inertia.

Coefficient of self induction:


It is found that ϕ∝ I
⇒ϕ= LI —--(1) where L is a constant of proportionality and is
called coefficient of self induction.
If I = 1A, then ϕ = L
Thus, coefficient of self induction is numerically equal to the magnitude of
magnetic flux linked with the coil when unit current flows through it.
According to Faraday's law,
ε= −dΦ/dt = −d(LI)/dt
ε= −LdI/dt —----(2)
If dI/dt = 1, then ε= -L
In magnitude, ε= L
Thus, coefficient of S.I is also equal to the induced EMF produced in the
coil when rate of change of current is unity.
● It is a scalar quantity.
● It's SI unit is henry(H) or Wb/A or Vs/A.
● Is CGS unit is abhenry.
● 1 H = 10⁹ abhenry
● Its D.F is (M¹L²T⁻²A⁻²).

Coefficient of self induction for a long solenoid:


Magnetic field inside the solenoid is B=μ0nl = μ0NI/L—--- (1)
Magnetic flux linked with the coil having and turns is Φ = NBA
⇒Φ = μ0N²IA/L
⇒Φ/I = μ0N²A/L
⇒L = μ0N²A / L
or L= =μ0n²AL

Factors on which ‘L’ depends:


● the number of turns of coil
● area of the turn of coil
● nature of material on which coil is wounded.

MUTUAL INDUCTION:
It is a property of two coils by virtue of which one coil oppose the change in
the strength of the current flowing through the neighbouring coil by
producing an induced EMF.
Coefficient of mutual induction:
It is found that ϕ∝ I
⇒ϕ= MI —--(1) where M is a constant of proportionality and is
called coefficient of mutual induction.
If I = 1A, then ϕ = M
According to Faraday's law,
ε= −dΦ/dt = −d(MI)/dt
ε= −MdI/dt —----(2)
If dI/dt = 1, then ε= -M
In magnitude, ε= M
● It is a scalar quantity.
● It's SI unit is henry(H) or Wb/A or Vs/A.
● Is CGS unit is abhenry.
● 1 H = 10⁹ abhenry
● Its D.F is (M¹L²T⁻²A⁻²).

Coefficient of mutual induction between two long solenoids:


Magnetic field inside a solenoid S₁ due to I1 is B1=μ0nl₁ = μ0N₁I₁/L—-- (1)
Magnetic fluid linked with the solenoid S₂ having N2 terms is Φ₂ = B₁AN₂
⇒Φ₂ = μ0N₁N2I₁A/L
⇒Φ₂/I₁ = μ0N₁N2A/L
⇒M12 = μ0N₁N2A / L
or M12= =μ0n₁n2AL
Similarly, M21= Φ1/I2 = μ0n₁n2AL
Hence, M12 = M21 = M (say).This property is called reciprocity.
❖ If medium is present, then M = μn₁n2AL = μrμ0n₁n2AL

Factors on which ‘M’ depends:


● the geometry of coil turns and area cross section.
● orientation of two coils.
● distance between two coils.
● permeability of the core material

E.Q 3: Two identical coils X and Y of 500 turns each lie in parallel planes
such that 80% of flux produced by one coil links with the other. If a current
of 5 A flowing in X produces a flux of 10 mWb in it, find the mutual
inductance between X and Y.
Sol. Number of turns = N1= N2= 500
Current (I) = 5 A
Flux produced in coil X (ϕ1) = 10 mWb
Flux linked with Y (ϕ12) = 80% of flux produced in coil 1 = 8 mWb
Mutual inductance, M=𝑁ϕ12/I
M = 500×8×10-3
5
M = 0.8H

❖ ENERGY STORED IN AN INDUCTOR:


We know that P = VI
dW/dt = LIdI/dt
∫dW = L∫ IdI
W = ½LI2
This work done is stored in the form of magnetic potential energy, so UB =
½LI2.

AC GENERATOR:
It is a device used for producing electric current or electricity by converting
mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Principle: Its working is based on the principle of EMI i.e when magnetic
flux linked with the coil changes, an induced current or emf is produced in
the coil.
Construction:
Working:
● When the coil is rotated in the magnetic field, then the magnetic flux
linked with the coil changes and hence induced current is produced in
the coil.
● As the coil on one side (AB) moves up through the magnetic field,
current is induced in one direction (B2 to B1).
● As the rotation of the coil continues, this side of a coil (AB) moves
down and another side of the coil (CD) moves up, and hence current
is induced in the reverse direction (B1 to B2).
● Fleming’s right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the
induced current.
● This process repeats for every cycle and hence induced current or
emf is produced alternatively.
Theory:
We know that Φ = NBAcosθ
⇒Φ = NBAcosωt —-- (1)
Acc to Faraday’s 2nd Law, ε = – dΦ/dt
⇒ε = – d(NBA Cos ωt)/dt
⇒ε = NBAωsinωt —— (2)
Now, the induced emf will be max,when the coil rotates through 90˚ i.e
sinωt = 1.
● ε0 =εmax = NBAω , called maximum or peak value of induced emf.
From eq (2), ε= ε0sinωt
And from Ohm’s law,
Induced current is given by,
I = ε/R
⇒I = ε0sinωt/ R
Put ε0/R = I0, called maximum or peak value of induced current.
⇒ I = I0sinωt

Advantages of AC Generators over DC Generators:


Following are a few advantages of AC generators over DC generators:
● AC generators can be easily stepped up and stepped down through
transformers.
● AC can reach distant places without much loss of electric power.
● Losses in AC generators are relatively lesser than in DC machines.
● The size of an AC generator is smaller than a DC generator.
● Generation, transmission and distribution of AC is more economical.

Disdvantages of AC Generators over DC Generators:


● AC is more dangerous than DC.
● AC cannot be used in the electrolytic processes such as
electroplating etc where only DC is used.
Solved Ex. 6.8/6.9

Solved Ex. 6.9/6.10


This, in both the cases energy is proportional to the square of the field
strength.

Solved Ex. 6.10/6.11

—--------------END OF THE CHAPTER —------------


● After completing the chapter,do the assignment sheet of this
chapter…..

You might also like