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Chapter-2 Animal's Identity-Hydra

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67 views

Chapter-2 Animal's Identity-Hydra

Uploaded by

shshosain3245
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydra

Board questions (Knowledge Based)


What is hyposome?
Ans. Located in the body's free edge, conical shaped small and contractile-expansile part of
Hydra is called by hypostome.
What is diploblastic animal?
Ans. In the embryonic stage the animals that have only ectoderm and endoderm named body
cells arranged in two certain levels are called diploblastic animal.
What is myoneme?
Ans: The musculo-epithelial cells of Hydra have one kind flexible and contractile-expansile fiber
that creates two muscular processes, this fiber is called myonim. What is interstitial cell?
Ans. The cells that are found in bunches in the spaces between the narrow edges of musculo-
epithelial cells, located close to the mesoglia are called interstitial cell. What are cnidocyte?
Ams: The specialized cells that are found in the middle portion of the musculo-epithelial cell in
Chidaria animal's epidermis are called cnidocyte.
What is coelom?
Ans: Coelom is the empty space between alimentary canal and cell wall which is covered by
mesodermal peritonium tissue.
What is mesoglea?
Ans. In Cnidarian organisms, there is a jelly like elastic, thin, colorless acellular layer between
epidermis and gastrodermis with secretions from both cell layers, called mesoglea.
What is coelenteron?
Ans: In the center of Hydra, the elongated cavity is called coelenteron.

Important questions (Knowledge Based)


What is operculum?
Ans: The cover which covers nematocyst pouch of hydra’s cnidoblast cell is called operculum.
What are the main foods of Hydra?
Ans. The main foods of Hydra are several insects, mollusks, crustacean larvae, cyclops, daphnia,
small planktons, small worm, eggs of several organisms, fish, etc.
What kinds of digestion occur in most of the multicellular animals?
Ans: Extracellular digestion occurs in most of the multicellular animals.
Which locomotion of Hydra is seen as the passage of caterpillars?
Ans. Hydra's looping locomotion is seen as the passage of caterpillars.
What is budding?
Ans. In asexual reproduction method, the propagation of an organism which is done by creating
bud is called budding.
What are the genitals of hydra?
Ans. The genitals of Hydra are testes and ovary.
What is sexual reproduction?
Ans: The process in which testes and ovary respectively produce sperm and ova and by their
fertilization the production of new animals occurs is called sexual reproduction.
What is stereo gastrula?
Ans: Connected with the mother's body the diploblastic gastrula of hydra is called stereo
gastrula.
What is distribution of work/labour?
Ans: In a multicellular animal the distribution of all physiological works in different cells, organ
or systems is called distribution of works.
What is tentacle?

What is locomotion?

What is reproduction?

What is hipnotoxin?

What is hydrula?

What is blastulation?

What is regeneration?

What is totipotency?

What is nematocyst battery?

What is glyding?

What is sommersaulting locomotion?

Board questions (Comprehension Based)


What do you mean by nematocyst?
Ans.: Inside the cnidocyte cell there is a long, narrow, hollow and twisted thread connected with
a thick layered capsule that is called nematocyst. Nematocyst is filled with toxic liquid named
hypnotoxin that is formed with protein and phenol. Nematocyst is located in Hydra's tentacles
which helps them to grasp food and protect them from enemy.
What do you mean by mesoglia?
Ans.: In Cnidaria organisms, there is a gelatinous or jelly-like elastic, 0.1 micro meter thick,
transparent,, colorless, acellular layer between epidermis and gastrodermis with secretions from
both cell layers, called the mesoglia. Mesoglia works as the base of epidermis and gastrodermis
cells.

 May be thinner than either of the cell layers.


 Serves as an internal skeleton, supporting the body.
 Base line foundation of epidermis and gastrodermis.
 It gives flexibility to form the structure of an organism.

What do you mean by coelenteron?

Ans.: The digestive circulation cavity of Cnidaria animals is called coelenteron. It communicates
outside through an opening and works as mouth and anus. Coelenteron is covered with
gastrodermis. It is commonly known as a "blind gut" or "blind sac", since food enters and waste
exits through the same orifice. It performs extra-cellular digestion, transport respiratory gases,
excretory wastes and food materials.

Why is Hydra's coelenteron called gastro-vascular cavity?

Ans.: The empty cavity in the center of Hydra's body is known as coelenteron. It is covered with
gastrodermis. Here simultaneously food, respiratory and excretory substances are transported.
That's why this cavity is called gastro-vascular cavity.

Why self-fertilization doesn't occur in hydra?/ Why does cross fertilization occur in hydra?
Ans.: However most of the Hydra is dioecious but there is no fusion in between their sperm and
ovum, which means self fertilization doesn't occur. Because the female and male reproductive
organ becomes matured in different time. So there is no chance of fusion between sperm and
ovum.
What is meant by symbiosis?
Ans.: When two organisms of different species lives together mutually and get advantage from
each other, this close association is called symbiosis. The associated organisms are called
symbiotic. Such as: Hydra and Algae get advantage from each other while they are in close
association with one another.
Why Hydra is called immortal animal?
Ans.: Hydra is called immortal because of it's regenerative capability. If hydra is divided into
two or more segment, from each segment a new hydra can form by this regeneration process.
The interstitial cells of segmented part, divides and transforms into different cells and body and a
new hydra develops. So Hydra doesn't have natural death.

What is meant by looping?

Ans.: The locomotion of Hydra which is done by formation of loop is called looping. The most
common, passes long distance by it, form one loop, a type of walking similar to the looping of an
inchworm or caterpillar. While standing erect, the body first extends and then bends and fixes the
tentacles to the substratum by means of glutinant nematocysts. It then releases the attachment of
the basal disc, reattaches the basal disc near the tentacles and again assuming an upright position
by releasing its tentacles.

What do you mean by budding?


Ans.: Budding is the reproductive process of hydra. In summer, there is plenty food in the nature
and budding occurs in hydra. At the beginning of the process, in any place at the lower side of
Hydra's body, a few epidermal interstitial cell subsequently proliferate and form a small
protrusion. It gradually develops into a tubular hollow bud and forms the epidermis, mesoglia
and gastrodermis. The apex of the bud forms mouth pore, hypostome and tentacle.
Why is hydra called diploblastic animal?
Ans. In the embryonic stage the diploblastic animals have only ectoderm and endoderm body
cells that are arranged in two certain levels. Besides there is an acellular layer between these two
levels that has jelly-like mesoglia. Since these characteristics are found in Hydra, henceforth
Hydra is called diploblastic animal.

Important questions (Comprehension Based)


Write down Hydra's classified position.
Ans.:Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Cridaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

Family: Hydridae

Genus: Hydra

Species: Hydra vulgaris

Explain the external structure of Hydra.


Ans: Shape and Size: Cylindrical 10 to 30 mm in length and 10 mm in width

Division of the body:

Hypostome: Distal end or oral end bears an aperture at its apex called mouth, encircled by a
circlet of 6-10 tentacles

Tentacles: Hollow; slender, thread-like processes having nematocysts; extended at the time of
feeding or locomotion.
Trunk: Body part between hypostome and pedal disc with testes, ovary and bud

Pedal disc/ basal disc: Proximal or aboral end, disc shaped structure, used for attachment to the
substratum.

Why is hydra classified under Cnidaria phylum?


Ans.: The body of Hydra is divided into two layers and has radial symmetry. Their bodies have a
cavity called coelenteron, which basically are the main characteristics of Cnidarian animals.
That's why Hydra is classified under Cnidaria phylum.

What is meant by intracellular digestion of Hydra?

Ans.: Digestion which occurs inside the cell, is called intracellular digestion. Such as: the food
which is metabolized extra-cellularly, pseudopodial nutritive cell in the gastrodermis of hydra
engulfs them by the phagocytosis process. This food chyme then goes into the body cavity inside
the cell and metabolized by the enzyme secreted from cytoplasm. By this process, intracellular
digestion of hydra occurs.

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