MENG547 – CHAPTER 1 –

INTRODUCTION
Prof. Dr. Uğur Atikol
 CONTENTS
• Why energy management?
WHY AND WHERE? • Which sectors is it practiced?

• Energy supply by source

WORLD ENERGY • Energy reserves

• Greenhouse effect
EMISSIONS • Global warming

• Activities
OBJECTIVES • Sustainability goals
 WHY ENERGY MANAGEMENT?
It is essential for:

• Increasing • Preserving • Reducing global

profitability and resources warming
competitiveness • Increasing • Reducing acid
• Achieving cost- competitiveness rains and
effective projects • Increasing national depletion of ozone
security layer

National Reducing
Economics
Interests Emissions
 WHICH SECTORS NEED ENERGY
MANAGEMENT?
Country-level
energy
management

Energy
management in
utility sector

Energy
Energy Energy Energy
Management in
management in management in management in
commercial and
public buildings residential sector transportation
industrial sectors

Energy management on the consumer side

TOTAL PRIMARY WORLD ENERGY
SUPPLY BY SOURCE

Source: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
 ...AND THE GROWTH CONTINUES

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2019 Reference case
 WORLD ENERGY RESERVES
Demand
We are
without energy
here
efficiency
policies
Natural
Gas

https://peakoilbarrel.com/world-oil-2018-2050-
world-energy-annual-report-part-2/

1900 2020 2100

GLOBAL BILLION TONNES CO2
EMISSIONS
2016 Paris
Agreement
entered into
force
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
GLOBAL WARMING

osphere
Atm
Outer space

Many
Greenhouse gases greenhouse
(Mostly H20 vapor gases occur
and CO2) act like naturally while
a blanket around others are
the atmosphere produced by
humans
 HUMAN-PRODUCED GREENHOUSE
Ozone
CO
GASES
2
Methane
7% 56%
18%
Nitrous oxide enhouse gase
Gre

s
6% osphere
Atm

CFCs
13%

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Greenhouse_gas
 CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL
WARMING
Rising earth Human health Effects on
temperature risks wildlife
• Rise in land • Reduced • Drought and
and ocean food security changing
temperature • Increasing temperatures
• Glaciers pest and • Some species
melting insect are facing
• Sea level population extinction
rising • Respiratory
allergies and
asthma
 GLOBAL ANNUAL SURFACE
TEMPERATURE CHANGES

Temperatures are given relative to 1958 –

1980 mean temperatures
Source: https://ealingfoe.org.uk/climate-change-catastrophe/

Source: J. Hansen et al., PNAS 103: 14288-293 (26 Sept 2006)

CONTRIBUTIONS TO
GLOBAL SEA LEVEL RISE
(ANNUAL AVERAGES
1993-2010)
✓ Thermal expansion of water due to
temperature rise = 1.1 mm
✓ Melting glaciers = 0.86 mm
✓ Greenland ice sheet = 0.33 mm
✓ Antarctic ice sheet = 0.27 mm
(Source: China Dialogue Ocean)
 LOST SNOW COVERAGE IN
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
September 16, 2012

More than
20% melted
since 1979

Arctic sea ice record minimum extent set in September 2012. The average sea
ice minimum extent for the years 1979-2010 is shown by the yellow outline. The
Arctic has exhibited severe instability over the last year, leaving experts
concerned that this September could see a new record minimum, which could
14
have major impacts on global weather. (Graphic Courtesy of NASA)
 THE ALBEDO SCALE: MATERIALS’S
REFLECIVITY OF SUN

Material Albedo
Scale
Snow on ice 0.9
Soil 0.2
Sea ice 0.6
Ocean 0.06

Source: Popular Science, 2017

 LIFE CYCLE EFFECT OF RENEWABLE
Carbon footprints ENERGY
Definition of Carbon footprint
It is the amount of carbon dioxide
released into the atmosphere as
a result of the activities of a
Renewable energy
particular individual,
organisation or community.

Sources:
1. Scherer L, Pfister S (2016) Hydropower's Biogenic Carbon Footprint. PLOS ONE 11(9): e0161947. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161947
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161947
2. Turconi R, Boldrin A, Astrup T. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of electricity generation technologies: Overview, comparability and limitations. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2013; 28: 555–565
 FUTURE CO2 EMISSION SCENARIOS

Representative concentration
pathways (RCPs)
Source: Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change,
2014
 PROPOSED ENERGY
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
Using the types of
energies that «do
not» emit
pollutants into Clean
Using less energy
the air energy for the same job
or activity

Using energy in
such ways to Strategic Energy
increase the utilization efficiency
share of clean
energy in the mix
 Renewables: ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES IN
➢ Solar energy
➢ Wind energy ENERGY MANAGEMENT
➢ Wave energy
➢ Geothermal

Use of low-
polluting fuels Clean Waste energy
energy recovery

Use of sensors

Energy storage
Strategic Energy
Time of use utilization efficiency
Thermal
Fuel switching insulation

Intelligent control Energy efficient

systems technologies
 WHAT IS RENEWABLE ENERGY?
• Renewable energy is generally defined as the energy captured from
naturally occurring and ongoing processes.
• Examples of naturally occurring events are sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves
and geothermal heat.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY
Wind Turbine TECHNOLOGIES

Solar Water Heater

Solar Air Heater

Photovoltaics
 RENEWABLE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
Paphos, Cyprus
RENEWABLE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
 LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS
Yenilenebilir Kaynaklarla Elektrik Üretim
Teknolojileri
EMISSIONS
Yenilenebilir Olmayan
Elektrik Üretim Teknolojileri

3 Manufacturing
4 Transportation 2 Materials
processing

5 Usage 1 Source

6 Disposal

Source: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/80580.pdf
 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
Effective use Reducing Reducing
impact on
of Energy costs environment

Wise and Propose cost- Opting for

efficient use of effective clean energy
Energy improvements sources

Reducing the Increase

Reducing
impacts of any returns from
carbon footprint
interruption investments

Effective Cultivating
monitoring, useful
reporting and messages on
management energy issues
 INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
Company Significant
commitment energy uses

Verification,
monitoring Planning
and and
reporting organization

Putting the
plan into
effect
Energy management cycle
 CAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT
CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABILITY?
City planning, Mobility &
buildings and transport
Industry sector

Energy
management

Preserving oil reserves Saving money Saving the environment

 LOOKING AT THE BIG PICTURE
Technical Forecasting coming
developments technologies

INFORMATION VISION Looking ahead

Lessons learned

Planning (dynamic)
STRATEGY

Short Long
term term
Medium
term
Thank You
I wish you good luck!