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CVS Histo Revision

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jeryesmadanat5
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8 views

CVS Histo Revision

Uploaded by

jeryesmadanat5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heart Wall ❖ Capillaries: 4-15 µm

❖ Layers: Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium ✓ The wall: only by tunica intima (Endothelial cells & basement membrane)
❖ Purkinje Fibers: in Subendordium, Impulse conducting fibers ➢ This results in a very large surface to volume ratio
✓ Large modified muscle cells: no straiation, granular cytoplasm ✓ Pericytes: also present in exocrine gland…
❖ Myocardium: Branching fibers, connected by intercalated discs (Gap (ionic) Junctions) ➢ Have contractile properties and can regulate blood flow in capillaries
➢ In course of vascular remodelling & repair: differentiate into endothelial & SM
Blood Vessels
✓ Continuous capillaries: continuous endothelial cells & basal lamina (no openings)
❖ Layers: Tunica Intima (interna), Tunica Media, Tunica Adventia (Externa) ➢ In muscle, CT, lungs, exocrine glands, nervous tissue (no large exchange function)
❖ Tunica intima: endothelial (simple squamous), BM, sub-endothelial CT, internal elastic ✓ Fenestrated capillaries: fenestrated endothelial cells & continuous basal lamina
lamina ➢ The basal lamina beneath the fenestra called the diaphragm
❖ Tunica Media: smooth muscle & elastic fibers, external elastic lamina ➢ Present at filtration sites: glomerulus, endocrine glands
❖ Tunica Adventia: CT fibers, collagen || Blends with the surrounding CT
❖ Variations of Vessel Wall Structure: ✓ Discontinuous capillaries: fenestrated endothelial cells & incomplete basal lamina
✓ Tunica media is the main site of histological specializations in the walls of arteries ➢ Form large irregularly shaped vessels (sinusoids)
✓ As we approach the heart: relatively less smooth muscle & more elastic fibers ➢ Found where a very Free Exchange Of Substances or even cells between
✓ As we move away from the heart: relatively more smooth muscle & less elastic fibers bloodstream & organ is advantageous (e.g. in the liver, spleen, red bone marrow)
✓ Diameter of individual arteries decreases as we follow them further into periphery
➢ Their total diameter increases → ↑ surface area & fall in blood pressure.
❖ Venous system:
❖ Vasa vasorum: Small blood vessels accompany the large blood vessels ✓ Internal & external elastic laminae: only in large veins, absent or very thin elsewhere
➢ Supply: tunica adventitia & (the outer part of the tunica media in largest BVs) ✓ Have valves: Formed by loose, pocket-shaped folds of tunica intima
➢ Prevents the backflow of blood → Valves incompetence lead to varicose veins
❖ Elastic arteries: aorta, pulmonary trunk and the larger arteries that originate from them
✓ Tunica intima: Thicker than in other arteries ❖ Comparison: ‫مهم كثير‬
✓ Thick tunica media: Concentric fenestrated lamellae of elastic fibers ✓ Arteries: thick wall, small lumen, circular shape, no valve, tunica media is the main
➢ Elastic fibers work as pressure reservoir → in diastole: elastin rebounds passively layer, The layering in the wall is distinct
→ forwards blood
✓ Veins: thin wall, large lumen, collapsed, The main layer is tunica adventitia, Have
❖ Muscular arteries (medium-size arteries), organs supplying arteries valves, The layering in the wall is not very distinct
✓ The internal elastic lamina forms a well defined layer
❖ Lymphatic Vessels:
❖ Arterioles: 0.1 – 0.5 mm ✓ There structure is very similar to that of veins, but have thinner wall and more valves
✓ Internal & external elastic laminae disappear or incomplete ✓ Lymph capillaries →Lymph collecting vessels → Lymph ducts
✓ Tunica media: 1-3 concentric layers of smooth muscle cells ✓ Temporary openings in the endothelial lining of the lymph capillaries:
✓ The smooth muscle of arterioles and, to some extent, the smooth muscle of small ➢ Allow the entry of larger particles into the lymph capillaries (lipid droplets)
Muscular arteries regulate the blood flow to their target tissues.

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