CSS SOLVED PAPERS \ t ESSAY q 1 Noe! Make an outline and write a comprehensive exsay (2500-3500 "or gescription ant A Mae sure you use ferent Tons of eiscourse ex xposton a ’ F Consequences Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Gauss and ‘ Outlines of Essay ; ( 1a decade now. Ithas hit the Pakistanis so ard that { Pakistan has ben suffering from severe energy crisis for almost a decade OWT A ire paying the heaviest tol SRS rei uasly apsctandl deiareede pitastion has bess onbearibe i aaeerree recent ee asa temgaves to be uterly callous and indierent The sad ; pee Dor rie tar deans Having ctoormous Tene wable resources O1 enerby, Pakistar 1 state of affairs is that despite having, is importing a huge amount of hydrocart itis an acknowledged fact that Pakistan's lecrict in comparison with the last decade. The authorities infasruturein time for this challenge to be met. Theit typi the situation when the crisis has become more grave mismanagement of available energy capacity E So far the energy demands, as per Pakistan Economic Survey 2003-2004, electricity consumption has increased by 8.6 percent during first three quarters of last fiscal year. However a reliable WAPDA source disclosed that electricity demand surged up to 13 gm abroad to meet its energy needs. bons from fomands have increased maiflg are blamed for not building the | attitude has worsened and extreme owing to information in potas by fathering evidence facts, statistics and anecdote ne the issue of Energy Gisis in Padistan you may gather Information ie this percent during last year. It was known by the survey that household sector had been the largest consumer of Example ore electricity for 44.2 percent of total electricity consumption followed by industries 31.1 a percent, agricaGPE14.3 percent, oher government sector 7.4 percent, commercial $5 aseane ese tend stectiish GO percent © Peak Supply 5 Bewildered by this rapid increase in the consumption of electrical power caused by increasing sale of electrical appliances, Wapda has failed to maintain the equilibrium Despite having revised its load forecast to 8 percent per annum as against previous estimates of five percent on average, the challenge has been proven so enormous thatit has almost left WAPDA with an utter state of inefficiency and impotency. As a result authorities have left with no other option but to start load management to conver into load shedding by building new infrastructure and find fool proof means to generate power surplus to needs, © Installed ca 19,478 MW Causes: + Leak of demand supply balance Cousequence: © Heavy Load sheding Pakistan needs a quantum jump in electricity generation in medium term scenario to revert the possibilities of lad hours. shedding in future due to shrinking gap demand and supply of electricity at peak rough a maga project of hydropowet jemain on the rise, 318 r (©) career FINDER NF Trevi San tr Yur Cae= ENGLISH CSS SOLVED PAPERS STILE NTE E ajects of power generation, due to commi alee ae mission in coming years are we he surging demand of the electricity. D total installed cap: the P tion will remain 19,478 MW to meet demand. i flow capacity ing this fiscal ; i acity of electricity gene seps2 MW firm supply and 14642 MW peok ‘ow ot cording to the sources the details of proje rbservation of a given ce : Projects to be commissioned by June 2007, were | Sinat Mad A anale dare CLS MW) and combined eycle power plant at Faisalabad} * Cie prec devas 0 450M Jangia dam raising project would also add 150 apacity to the national ees ea te the Tune 2007 also add 150 MW capacity tothe national | sreate a vivid pi whether the will owing ski quid ina ES ae ISD AAW eet) Allai Khwar (121 MW) Duber Khwar (130 MW) | fst i eet red or pd Kayal Khwa Were expected to be completed by 2008, along with Golan}, Sa72're ; © Anticipate reader's Gol (106 MW) and’ Jinnah (96 MW). In addition Matiltan (84 MW) New Bong Escape pss ee ter fs: (99MW) and Rajdhani (132 MW) were expected to be completed by 2009 while Taunsa | about what they i aad Mkely to be completed by 2010, : want to know and pases these, power plant 1 and power plant 2 of 300 MW each at Thar Coal with | —fnormaon assistance of China were also planned for commissioning in 2009. Moreover efforts | * Use vivid verbs rather were to be underway with China National Nuclear Corporation for the construction of a | than general anes ite third Nuclear power plant with a gross capacity of 325 MW at Chashma. « A conattent viewpoint Now nearly three years have elapsed since the above listed power generation projects | — will make your were to be completed. Yet the country is suffering from the heaviest shortfall. What a | perspective clear WAPDA official said was really surprising and stunning. “there is no power shortage in | wandering qwan rim the country at present as the Authority still has over 1,000 MW surplus electricity.” He | Yowilee vowr readers admitted that the shortage might occur however the authority would utilize all options including running of IPP plant at full capacity to avert any possible crisis. He further informed that the Authority would spend Rs. 3.5 billion on augmentation of distribution lines while another Rs. 5 billion would be consumed on transmission lines. He further added. “We have been negotiating Rs. 9 billion loan with a consortium of local banks to upgrade and augment the power transmission system.” It was further told that five new transmission lines of 220 KV would be ‘astalled by the end of 2004 that would ensure smooth supply to the consumers. He seemed to be sure that the present transmission and distribution system saying that it could easily sustain the load of total installed power generation in the country. Despite all the projects of electricity generation Pakistan still faces the hardest energy crisis. Individually, collectively, industrially and agriculturally we are suffering from power shortage. The challenge is enormous. It ‘equires fitting response to be met. It is absolutely true that energy has become an important pre requisite for the ssonomic development of a country. On one hand it is essential for the industrial and agricultural purposes and on ‘he other hand it is required for domestic use of the citizens. The fastest growing primary energy source is natural Bs ‘South holds great importance for world energy markets because it contains 1.3 billion people and is ‘operiencing rapid energy demand growth, Economic and population growth in South Asia have resulted in rapid increase in energy consumption in the recent years. % : That the reason that the South Asian countries like Pakistan, India and Bangladesh are paying great heed to being ‘«if-sufficient in energy generation are being explored. ge aural gas is Pakistan's largest energy source. Demands and imports of natural gas are rapidly increasing, Currently | aural gas supplies 49 percent of Pakistan's energy needs. According tothe Oil and Gas Journal (OGS) as of January "1.2005, Pakistan had 26.83 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of proven natural gas reserves. Pakistan is looking to its gas Moduction to support increasing consumption through pipelines from Iran and Turkmenistan, Currently Pakistan ‘ans third in the world for use of natural gas as a motor fuel behind Brazil and Argentina. In addition itis to be ‘Sed for future electric power generation projects.‘ vel of ction has granted a Chinese company to build two coal fired power generation plants to supply 610 MW uses of energy crisis stilton faut’ ene css has been caused by the following factors increase in population, enhancement in ie sy agus and agricultural growth, lack of practice and integrated planning for production of energy: imPals | Feergy mix and non-utilization of enormous indigenous energy resources ower fhe above said factors lash Pakistan's economy despite having wider potential {o tap energy. Very few power ] ring plants were installed to mec Seis ands esult the gap between energy deman bes ct futuristic needs and demands. As a result the gap e-are havin; god supply has over the years grown drastically and currently against an urgent need of 20,000 MW we a e any around 11500 MW ee ergy, mix in Pakistan is quite imbalanced as compared to other countries. We have greater reliance of ie ESemable resources of gas'43.7 percent and si 39.5 which monty we have fo mport. Being subject the fuctuations of oil price internationally, Pakistan suffers great set back when oil prices are raised. The need of the hour is to develop our dependence on renewable resources, hydel power, indigenous coal and alternative snerBy soarees/ wind and solar energy. Special heed is also required to be paid to the installation of nuclear power plants. irisan admitted fact that the above said causes of energy crisis are creating certain consequences. Consequences of Energy Crisis ‘The energy crisis in our country influences all the sectors of our economy. The economic progress is hindered and hampered by decline in agricultural productivity as well as by obstructing industrial operations. The factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to short falls in ED exergy supply. Agricultural productivity of Pakistanis dccreaing fast due to this | ©) enormous energy crisis. Tube wells, agricultural machinery and the production of | The Signal Words Use indicators 10. point ferilizers and pesticides all require energy Nearly all the industrial units in Pakistan are suffering setback because of this challenge | ‘wards your direction of ofthe energy crisis. As a result of decline in energy supply, most of the industrial units. | writin szenot working at all. This has caused a situation of industrial shut. eel ee Because of close of most industrial units in the country there is rampant unemployment. } * // as midimi New employment opportunities have ceased to exist. This has led to increase in crime rate and lawlessness. The domestic usage of energy has been greatly disturbed by this increasing trouble of load-shedding. Unrest and fiustration are causing aggression agitation against the government. The people sometimes come out congregated and atack the government offices or private vehicles. All these factors ie. decline in economic growth, lower agricultural productivity, unemployment and impotent industrial growth have resulted in increasing poverty According to an estimation about 40 percent of our population is living below poverty} Revising line and this ratio increasing with an alarming speed. If energy crisis in Pakistan} Use achecklis is overcome by proper measures the menace of poverty is sure to be curbed and the ee eee eS | teslessness and frustration can be cured. It is by being self-sufficient in energy that we | can'ranmwer Yes oie ‘an ensure peaceful working and peaceful living Pakistan. balakert ieee Jour work as nce. Conctuso a gas energy crisis in Pakistan has paralyzed all sectors of Pakistan machinery ranging | _ "ader'atenton? fomeconomy to industry agriculture to socal life and ithas hindered national progress * ahrtamy ina drastic manner. However it can hopefully be said looking to the energy resources by sing Available that this menace can be overwhelmed by the government by making sincere | » How 1 made the seuence tod effective policies and proactive implementation. Besides the government itis the | _ ofevemclear? "sponsibility ofall of us the people of Pakistan to utilize the available energy cautiously ‘nd wisely and play our due role for the progress and prosperity of Pakistan. Only then we can overcome this Ghalenge that confronts us and that demands not an individual ora sate response but a collective and Beealaive Uae Sn Yur Coe Poser | 9 CAREER FINDER 321