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Ball Scresw

Ball Screw Technical Description

Construction of Ball Screws
Feature of Ball Screws
●Return-plate system ●Internal-deflector system
The Return-plate system uses coil-type deflectors The Internal-deflector system employs a lightweight
●High mechanical efficiency
incorporated inside the Nut to pick up the steel Balls Miniature Ball Screw, which enables the Nut
and circulate them via the Return-plate channel. diameter and length to be reduced to the smallest
KSS Ball Screws are fitted with steel Balls, providing rolling contact between the Nut and Screw Shaft, This system has the advantage of allowing the use of possible size. The Balls bear the load while rolling
allowing for mechanical efficiency of about 90% and reducing the required Torque to less than one-third that of a Nut that is smaller in diameter than those along the screw groove between the Shaft and the
conventional Lead Screws. The design of the KSS Ball Screws also allows linear motion to be converted into employed in Return-tube systems. In addition, the Nut. The Balls are continuously circulated,
upward-angle installation of the Return-plate transferred to the adjacent groove in the screw via
rotary motion easily（Fig. A-81）. ensures even smoother rotation. the Internal-deflector channel and then back to the
loaded groove area.
●Axial play
With conventional Triangular and Trapezoidal Screw threads, reducing the Axial play increases the rotational
Nut Nut Shaft
Torque due to the sliding friction. Spring deflector Shaft
KSS Ball Screws, on the other hand, are very easily rotated, even with no Axial play. The use of Double Nuts also
provides increased Rigidity.

●High precision
KSS Ball Screws are machined, assembled, and inspected using the technology of ultra-precision Lead Screw Balls
and Screw Gauge machining, under the temperature controlled room. High precision and accurate positioning Balls
Return-plate Internal-deflector
ensure high reliability in use.

●Long service life ●End-cap system ●End-deflector system

The Ball Screw movement results in virtually no wear, as the rolling-contact design, combined with the use of The End-cap system is a recirculating system in The Balls are circulated from End-deflector
which the Balls advance by rolling through the screw incorporated inside the Nut or outside the Nut
carefully selected heat-treated materials, results in an extremely low friction. This is the reason that high groove between the Nut and the Screw Shaft. through the hole in the Nut and the channels in the
precision can be kept over long period. The Balls are then returned via the holes in the Nut recirculating sections. Ball Nut diameter can be
and the channels in the recirculating sections of the smaller than Return-plate system. This is suitable
End-caps on either end of the Nut. for the middle lead Ball Screws.

Nut End-deflector
Shaft Nut
Forward Efficiency μ=0.003
Backward Efficiency μ=0.003
100 100
Backward Efficiency：（%）

μ=0.005
Forward Efficiency：（%）

μ=0.005
μ=0.010 μ=0.010
90 90
Ball Screw Ball Screw
80 80
μ：Friction Coefficient
70 70 μ：Friction Coefficient
Shaft
μ=0.1
Balls
60 60 Balls
μ=0.1
End-Cap
50 μ=0.2 50

40 40
●Return-tube system ●Thread Groove profile
Technical description

Technical description
30 30 Lead Screw In the Return-tube system, Balls rolling between the Ball screws may have either a circular arc profile,
Lead Screw Nut and the Shaft are picked up from the screw formed of a single arc, or a gothic arc profile, formed
20 20 μ=0.2
groove by the end of the Return-tube built into the from two arcs.
10 10 Nut. Then, they flow back through the Return-tube to KSS Ball Screws feature a gothic arc profile.
the screw groove.
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Lead Angle：（deg） Lead Angle：（deg）

Fig. A-81：Mechanical Efficiency Shaft

R
R
Round groove Gothic arc groove
Return-tube

Nut

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The range of manufacturing for Ball Screws Lead accuracy of Ball Screws

The range of manufacturing for KSS Ball Screws is from φ1.8 to φ16mm as Shaft nominal diameter. Ball Screw lead accuracy conforming to JIS B1192 is specified by the tolerance on specified travel over the Nut
Maximum limit of overall lengths are shown below. Maximum limit of overall lengths will vary depending on the effective travel amount, or Screw Shaft useful travel, travel variation and travel variation within arbitrary 300mm,
Shaft end configuration, materials and KSS series. Please inquire KSS for details. and 1 revolution（2π rad）over the Screw Shaft useful travel.
Tolerance of each accuracy grades are shown in the Table A-83, 84, 85.

●Maximum limit of overall lengths for Precision Ball Screws Unit：mm

Accuracy grade Fig. A-82：Travel deviation diagram
C0 C1 C3 C5
Shaft nominal diameter Useful travel（lu）

4 90 120 160 170

lo
6 140 180 240 250 ＋ la
8 200 250 330 350 lm ls

10 260 320 420 450 Tolerance 0

on specified
12 320 390 510 550 Travel
c
14 380 460 600 660
−
16 450 540 700 770
Note 1）If required length exceeds the number in table above, please ask KSS representative.
ep
2π
V300
V2π 300mm

●Maximum limit of overall lengths for Rolled Ball Screws

（Ct7 & Ct10）
Vu
Unit：mm

Shaft nominal diameter Maximum length

Nominal travel（l0） ： Travel in axial direction when rotated arbitrary number of revolution according to

4 240 the Nominal lead

Specified Lead（Phs） ： Lead given some amount of correction to the Nominal lead in order to compensate
5 300
the deformation generated due to the temperature rise or the load.
6 350 Travel compensation（c） ： Difference between the Specified travel and the Nominal travel within the valid travel.
8 450 Specified travel（ls） ： Travel in axial direction when rotated arbitrary number of revolution according to
the Specified lead.
10 650
Actual travel（la） ： Actual travel of Ball Nut in axial direction in respect to an arbitrary angle of rotation
12 700
of Ball Screw Shaft.
13 700 Actual mean travel（lm） ： Straight line which represents the tendency of Actual travel. It is obtained by the
Technical description

Technical description
14 700 least square method or a simple and appropriate approximation method from the
curve indicating the Valid travel of Ball Nut.
15 1000
Tolerance on specified travel（ep） ：Difference between the Actual mean travel and the Specified travel corresponding
Note 1）If required length exceeds the number in table above, please ask KSS representative.
to the Valid travel of Ball Nut or the Useful travel of Ball Screw Shaft.
Note 2）Maximum limit of overall length for Rolled Ball Screws includes 25mm of incomplete thread area at both end.
Travel variation（Vu） ： Maximum width of the Actual travel curve between the two straight lines put in
parallel to the Actual mean travel line, that corresponding to Valid travel of Ball Nut or
Useful travel of Ball Screw Shaft.
Travel variation（V300） ： Maximum width of the Actual travel curve between the two straight lines put in
parallel to the Actual mean travel line, that corresponding to arbitrary 300mm taken
within Useful travel of Ball Screw Shaft.
Travel variation（V2π） ： Maximum width of the Actual travel curve between the two straight lines put in
parallel to the Actual mean travel line, that corresponding to arbitrary one revolution
（2πrad）within Useful travel of Ball Screw Shaft.

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Table A-83：Tolerance on specified travel（±ep）and

permissible travel variation（Vu）of precision Ball Screws（for positioning：C series） Unit：μm

Accuracy Grade C0 C1 C3 C5
Ball Screw Run-out and location tolerances
Over Up to ±ep Vu ±ep Vu ±ep Vu ±ep Vu
Japan Industrial Standard of Ball Screw（JIS B1192）was revised in 1997 and 2013 in order to correspond to ISO.
ー 100 3 3 3.5 5 8 8 18 18
Regarding accuracy grade, C series（current JIS C0, 1, 3, 5）and Cp, Ct series（standard corresponding to ISO）
are established. There are some differences between C series and Cp, Ct series in notation and tolerances for
100 200 3.5 3 4.5 5 10 8 20 18
accuracy of Ball Screw mounting section. KSS uses notation of Fig. A-86 below and standard tolerance value,
200 315 4 3.5 6 5 12 8 23 18 which conforms to C series standard, and KSS refers to Cp, Ct series standard in case of 7 and 10 grade.
Useful travel（mm）
315 400 5 3.5 7 5 13 10 25 20

400 500 6 4 8 5 15 10 27 20

500 630 6 4 9 6 16 12 30 23

630 800 7 5 10 7 18 13 35 25

800 1000 8 6 11 8 21 15 40 27 Fig. A-86：Description of Run-out and location tolerances for Ball Screws

Table A-92 A
Table A-84：Permissible travel variation V300, V2π（for positioning：C series） Unit：μm A

Accuracy grade C0 C1 C3 C5

Item V300 V2π V300 V2π V300 V2π V300 V2π

Nut
Permissible value 3.5 3 5 4 8 6 18 8
Table A-91 A
E
Nut
Table A-88 A Table A-93∼98 ＧｏｒＥ−Ｆ
F
Table A-88 E Table A-88 A
A

Table A-85：Permissible travel variation V300 for Ct series（7,10 grade）

Brg.journal Brg.journal
Unit：μm Shaft G
Tolerance on specified travel（ e p ）for Ct series is
Accuracy grade Ct7 Ct10 calculated as follows. Table A-89 E Table A-90 G Table A-89 F

V300 52 210

lu
ep ＝± ×V300 lu：Useful travel（mm）
300
Technical description

Technical description
Japan Industrial Standard of Ball Screw（JIS B1192）was revised in 1997 and 2013 in order to correspond to ISO.
Regarding accuracy grade, C series（current JIS C0, 1, 3, 5）and Cp, Ct series（standard corresponding to ISO）are
established. KSS conforms to JIS B1192-2013 and adopts C series for 0,1,3,5 grade, Cp, Ct series for 7,10 grade.

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Table A-88：Radial Run-out of Bearing seat related to the centerline of screw groove
and Radial Run-out of journal diameter related to the Bearing seat Unit：μm
Table A-90：Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）of Ball Nut location face related to the centerline of Screw Shaft
Shaft nominal diameter（mm） Permissible deviation of Radial Run-out Unit：μm

Nut outside diameter（mm） Permissible deviations of Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）

Over Up to C0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C10

ー 8 3 5 8 10 14 40 Over Up to C0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C10
8 12 4 5 8 11 14 40
ー 20 5 6 8 10 14 20
12 20 4 6 9 12 14 40
20 32 5 6 8 10 14 20

32 50 6 7 8 11 18 30

This measurement item is affected by Total Run-out of

the Screw Shaft, and so it must be corrected as
follows. Find the corrected value from the Total Run-
Table A-91：Radial Run-out of Ball Nut location diameter related to the centerline of Screw Shaft Unit：μm
out tolerances given in Tables A-93∼98 on page A809
∼A811 using the ratio of the total Shaft length to the
Nut outside diameter（mm） Permissible deviations of Radial Run-out
distance between the supporting point and the
measuring point（L1,L2） （see Fig. A-87） , and add the
L1 Balls L2 Over Up to C0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C10
values obtained to the tolerance given in Table A-88.
ー 20 5 6 9 12 20 40
Fig. A-87：Compensation of Radial Run-out
20 32 6 7 10 12 20 40

32 50 7 8 12 15 30 60

Tolerance of total Run-out （Table A-93∼98）

Compensation Value of Run-out＝ ×（L1 or L2）
Total shaft length

Table A-92：Parallelism of rectangular Ball Nut related to the centerline of Screw Shaft Unit：μm

Mounting length（mm） Permissible deviations of Parallelism

L1 ,L2：Distance btw supporting pt & measuring pt（mm）

Over Up to C0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C10

ー 50 5 6 8 10 17 30

50 100 7 8 10 13 17 30

Table A-89：Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）of Shaft（Bearing）face related to the centerline of the Bearing seat
Unit：μm

Shaft nominal diameter（mm） Permissible deviations of Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）

Technical description

Technical description
Over Up to C0 C1 C3 C5 C7 C10

ー 8 2 3 4 5 7 10

8 12 2 3 4 5 7 10

12 20 2 3 4 5 7 10

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Table A-93：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C0） Unit：mm Table A-95：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C3） Unit：mm

Shaft nominal diameter Shaft nominal diameter

Over ー 8 12 Over ー 8 12

Up to 8 12 20 Up to 8 12 20
Shaft total length Shaft total length

Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction

ー 125 0.015 0.015 0.015 ー 125 0.025 0.025 0.020

125 200 0.025 0.020 0.020 125 200 0.035 0.035 0.025

200 315 0.035 0.025 0.020 200 315 0.050 0.040 0.030

315 400 ー 0.035 0.025 315 400 0.060 0.050 0.040

400 500 ー 0.045 0.035 400 500 ー 0.065 0.050

500 630 ー 0.050 0.040 500 630 ー 0.070 0.055

630 800 ー ー 0.050 630 800 ー ー 0.070

800 1000 ー ー 0.065 800 1000 ー ー 0.095

Table A-94：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C1） Unit：mm Table A-96：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C5） Unit：mm

Shaft nominal diameter Shaft nominal diameter

Over ー 8 12 Over ー 8 12

Up to 8 12 20 Up to 8 12 20
Shaft total length Shaft total length

Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction

ー 125 0.020 0.020 0.015 ー 125 0.035 0.035 0.035

125 200 0.030 0.025 0.020 125 200 0.050 0.040 0.040

200 315 0.040 0.030 0.025 200 315 0.065 0.055 0.045

315 400 0.045 0.040 0.030 315 400 0.075 0.065 0.055

400 500 ー 0.050 0.040 400 500 ー 0.080 0.060

Technical description

Technical description
500 630 ー 0.060 0.045 500 630 ー 0.090 0.075

630 800 ー ー 0.060 630 800 ー ー 0.090

800 1000 ー ー 0.075 800 1000 ー ー 0.120

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Table A-97：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C7） Unit：mm

Shaft nominal diameter

Measuring method of Ball Screw
Run-out and location tolerances
Over ー 8 12

●Radial Run-out of Bearing seat related to the centerline of screw groove（Table A-88）
Up to 8 12 20 Place the Ball Screw in identical V-blocks at both Bearing seat. Place the dial gauge perpendicular to the Nut
Shaft total length
cylindrical surface. Rotate Screw Shaft slowly and record the dial gauge readings. Measurement should be done
Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction at near both ends of threaded part. Some cases, this measurement will be done by both centerhole support,
and directly measured on Bearing seat.
ー 125 0.060 0.055 0.055

125 200 0.075 0.065 0.060

200 315 0.100 0.080 0.070

315 400 ー 0.100 0.080

400 500 ー 0.120 0.095

500 630 ー 0.150 0.110

630 800 ー ー 0.140

800 1000 ー ー 0.170

Table A-98：Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（C10）
Unit：mm
Shaft nominal diameter ●Radial Run-out of journal diameter related to the Bearing seat
（Table A-88）
Place the Ball Screw in identical V-blocks at both Bearing seats. Place the dial gauge perpendicular to the
Over ー 8 12 journal cylindrical surface. Rotate the Screw Shaft slowly and record the dial gauge readings.

Up to 8 12 20
Shaft total length

Over Up to Permissible deviations of total Run-out in radial direction

ー 125 0.100 0.095 0.090

125 200 0.140 0.120 0.110

200 315 0.210 0.160 0.130

315 400 ー 0.210 0.160

400 500 ー 0.270 0.200

500 630 ー 0.350 0.250

630 800 ー 0.460 0.320 ●Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）of shaft

（Bearing）face related to the centerline of the Bearing seat
800 1000 ー ー 0.420 （Table A-89）
Support a Screw Shaft at both centers. Place the dial gauge perpendicular to the end face of the journal.
Note）In case of Ct7, Ct10 grade, KSS may use the standard of Total Run-out based on slenderness ratio, which conforms to JIS B1192-2013.
Technical description

Technical description
Rotate the Screw Shaft slowly and record the dial gauge readings.
**This method is equivalent to the one, which is supported at both Bearing seats, because Bearing seats are
ground related to both centers.

Slenderness ratio Total Run-out

Over Up to Ct7 Ct10

ー 40 0.080 0.160

40 60 0.120 0.240

60 80 0.200 0.400

80 100 0.320 0.640

Slenderness ratio= lu/do

lu: Useful travel（mm）
do: Nominal diametor of Ball Screw（mm）

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●Axial Run-out（Perpendicularity）of Ball Nut location face related to the centerline of Screw Shaft
（Table A-90）
Support the Ball Screw at both centers. Place the dial gauge perpendicular to the flange face. Rotate the Screw
Shaft with Ball Nut slowly and record the dial gauge readings. Secure the Ball Nut against rotation on the Screw Material and Heat treatment, Surface hardness
Shaft.

Standard material of KSS Ball Screws, Heat treatment and Surface hardness are shown in table A-99, 100.
However, they vary depending on series or model number. Please refer to KSS drawings.

Table A-99：Material, Heat treatment & Surface hardness for regular items

Material Heat treatment Surface hardness

Screw Shaft SCM415 Carburizing and quenching HRC 58-62

●Radial Run-out of Ball Nut location diameter related to the centerline of Screw Shaft（Table A-91）
Place the Ball Screw on V-blocks at adjacent sides of the Ball Nut. Place the dial gauge perpendicular to the Nut SCM415 Carburizing and quenching HRC 58-62
cylindrical surface of Ball Nut. Secure the Screw Shaft against rotation of Ball Nut. Rotate Ball Nut slowly and
record the dial gauge readings. Note）Hardness on table shows surface hardness of thread part.

Table A-100：Material, Heat treatment & Surface hardness for stainless steel items

Material Heat treatment Surface hardness

Screw Shaft SUS440C Quenching and tempering HRC min.55

Nut SUS440C Quenching and tempering HRC min.55

Note）Hardness on table shows surface hardness of thread part.

●Total Run-out in radial direction of Screw Shaft related to the centerline of Screw Shaft
（Table A-93∼98）
Place the Ball Screw in identical V-blocks at both Bearing seats, or support the Ball Screw at both centers.
Place the dial gauge with measuring shoe at the several points over the full thread length. Rotate the Screw
Shaft slowly and record the dial gauge readings. Maximum value of measurement should be the Total Run-out.
Technical description

Technical description
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Permissible Axial load Permissible speed

It is recommended that Ball Screw Shafts be used almost exclusively under tension load conditions. However, in For Screw Shaft rotation, the mounting method determines the established rotation limits. When this value is
some applications, compression loads may exist, and under such conditions it must be checked that Shaft approached, resonance phenomenon will occur, and operation becomes impossible. There is also rotation limit
buckling will not occur. which causes damages to recirculating parts. This limit is unrelated to mounting methods.
Also, when the mounting span distance is short, there is a restriction on the permissible tension or compression
load and the Basic Static Load Rating Coa unrelated to mounting.
Buckling load, permissible tension and permissible compression load can be calculated below.
●Permissible speed calculation for critical speed

60・λ2 E・I・g
N ＝β × × minー1｛rpm｝
●Permissible compression load calculation for buckling 2π γ ・A ・L4

nπ2E・I
P＝α× N｛kgf｝ Formula for Oiler β： Safety Factor 0.8
L2
E ：Young s modulus 2.08 ×105 N/mm2（MPa）
｛21,200kgf/mm2｝
I ：Screw Shaft minimum moment of inertia of area
α： Safety Factor 0.5
E ：Young s modulus 2.08 ×105 N/mm（
2
MPa）
｛21,200kgf/mm2｝ π
I ：Screw Shaft minimum moment of inertia of area I＝ d4 mm4
64

π d：Screw Shaft Root diameter mm

I＝ d4 mm4
64 g：Gravity acceleration 9.8×10 mm/sec23

γ： Material specific gravity 7.7×10 N/mm ｛7.85×10ー6kgf/mm3｝

ー5 3

L：Mounting span distance mm

d ：Screw Shaft Root diameter mm A：Screw Shaft minimum section area
L ：Mounting span distance mm
n ：Factor for Ball Screw mounting method
π
A＝ d2 mm2
Supported−Supported n＝1 4
Fixed−Supported n＝2
Fixed−Fixed n＝4
λ：Factor for Ball Screw mounting method
Fixed−Free n ＝ 1/4

Supported−Supported λ＝π
Fixed−Supported λ ＝ 3.927
Fixed−Fixed λ ＝ 4.730
●Permissible tension, compression load calculation for Screw Shaft yield stress
Fixed−Free λ ＝ 1.875
Technical description

Technical description
P＝σ×A N｛kgf｝

●Rotation limits for damage on recirculating parts

σ： Permissible stress 98N/mm （MPa）
2
｛10kgf/mm ｝ 2 Generally, regarding critical speed for damage on recirculating parts, limitation is established by dn value,
A ：Screw Shaft minimum section area which is multiplied Shaft nominal diameter of revolution, but dn value cannot be applied to Miniature Ball
Screws. For KSS Ball Screws, please consider rotation limits by damage on recirculating parts as 3,500 to
π 4,000 minー1. This value varies depending on operating conditions and environment. Please inquire KSS for
A＝ d2 mm2
4 details.

d ：Screw Shaft Root diameter mm

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Ball Screw mounting methods Axial play and Preload

Typical Ball Screw's mounting methods are shown in Fig. A-101. Mounting configuration affects permissible Axial For standard Single Nut Ball Screws under normal conditions, a slight Axial play exists between the Screw Shaft
load in relation to buckling, as well as permissible speed in relation to critical speed. Please refer to below when and Nut. Consequently, when Axial loads act on Single Nut Ball Screws, total amount of Axial play and Elastic
studying strength and speed. displacement due to Axial load becomes backlash. In order to prevent this backlash in Ball Screws, the Axial play
can be reduced to a negative value. That is what we call Preload", which is the method of causing Elastic
deformation to the Balls between the Screw Shaft and Nut in advance.

L：Buckling load（Fixed−Supported） L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed）

Motor Slide Motor Slide
●Axial play
Symbol and permissible value for Axial play are shown in Table A-102.
Combination of accuracy grade and symbol are shown in Table A-103.

L：Critical speed（Fixed−Supported） L：Critical speed（Fixed−Free）

Table A-102：Symbol and permissible value for Axial play Unit：mm

Symbol 0 02 05 20 50

L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed） Axial play 0 （Preloading） 0.002 max. 0.005 max. 0.02 max. 0.05 max.
Motor Slide
Slide

Table A-103：Combination of accuracy grade and Axial play

L：Critical speed（Fixed−Supported） Symbol

L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed） 0 02 05 20 50
L：Critical speed（Fixed−Fixed）
Accuracy grade

C0 C0-0 ー ー ー ー

L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed） C1 C1-0 C1-02 ー ー ー

Motor Slide
Slide C3 C3-0 C3-02 C3-05 C3-20 C3-50

C5 ー ー C5-05 C5-20 C5-50

C7 ー ー ー C7-20 C7-50
L：Critical speed（Fixed−Fixed）
L：Buckling load（Fixed−Free） C10 ー ー ー C10-20 C10-50
L：Critical speed（Fixed−Free）
Technical description

Technical description
Note）When combinations other than the above are requested, please inquire KSS.

L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed） Slide

Motor

Fig. A-101：Ball Screw mounting methods

L：Critical speed（Fixed−Free）

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●Preload effect ●Preload methods

Preload is not only used for removing Axial play, it also has the effect of reducing the amount of Axial Generally, a method of Double Nut Preload by inserting a spacer between two Nuts is adopted. KSS Ball Screw
displacement due to Axial load, and improving the Rigidity in Ball Screws. Fig. A-104 shows the difference of the adopts「Oversized Ball Preload」by inserting Balls slightly bigger than space between Screw Shaft and Nut.
amount of Elastic displacement（theoretical value）regarding Ball Screw with Axial play and Ball Screw with As a result, it can eliminate Axial play even with a Single Nut and it is possible to maintain compact.
Preload under the Axial load. Moreover, operating performance will never be deteriorated by using spacer Balls（Balls with slightly smaller
diameter than those of the oversize Balls）alternatively with oversize Balls.

Fig. A-104：Elastic displacement curve comparison between Backlash type and Preload type
Lead Lead
Nut Spacer Balls
Nut

Elastic displacement Curve

6.0
Elastic displacement：（μm）

Preload type Screw Shaft

Backlash type Screw Shaft Oversized Balls
5.0

4.0 Fig. A-105：Preload by oversized Balls Fig. A-106：Spacer Balls

3.0

2.0

●Preload control
1.0 Example It is difficult to control Preload amount by measuring. Therefore, Preload of Ball Screw is controlled by
Shaft：φ14 measuring Preload Dynamic Drag Torque, which is converted from Preload amount. Amount of Preload
Lead：3mm Dynamic Drag Torque is decided with customers by specification drawing. Preload Dynamic Drag Torque is
0.0 measured under specific condition to verify the amount of Axial play is 0. Dynamic Drag Torque installed actual
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Load：（N） machine will vary depending on lubricating condition, load condition and so on. Starting torque（Torque for
starting Ball Screw）is slightly bigger than Dynamic Drag Torque.

*Torque wave in this diagram is exaggerated for

●Proper amount of Preload
Torque Measurement example explanation.
8.0

Torque：（mNm）
Although the amount of Preload should be determined by the required Rigidity and the permissible amount of
backlash, when setting Preload, there are some concerning issues as follows.
1）Increased Dynamic Drag Torque 6.0 Starting Torque
2）Heat generation lowering of positioning accuracy due to the temperature rise.
4.0
3）Shortened life
Therefore, it is advisable to establish the amount of Preload at the lowest possible limits.
Technical description

Technical description
2.0
Ball Nut travel：
（mm）
0.0
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-2.0

-4.0

-6.0

-8.0 Fig. A-107：Dynamic Drag Torpue measurement

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●Screw Shaft Rigidity K1

（1）In case of general mounting（Fixed-Free in axial direction ）
（Fig. A-108）

Rigidity in Linear Motion system

A・E
K1 ＝ ×10ー3 N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
ℓ
In precision machinery, to improve positioning accuracy of the feed screws or to increase Rigidity for load,
the Rigidity of the Linear Motion system must be examined. The Rigidity of Linear Motion system is as follows.
（2）In case of Fixed-Fixed mounting in axial direction
（Fig. A-109）

A・E・L
1 1 1 1 1 K1 ＝ ×10ー3 N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
ℓ（L-ℓ）
＝ ＋ ＋ ＋ μm/N
｛μm/kgf｝
K K1 K2 K3 K4
The max. axial displacement occurs when ℓ ＝ L/2. The formula is as follows.
K ：Total Rigidity of Linear Motion system N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
K1 ：Screw Shaft Rigidity N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
K2 ：Nut Rigidity N/μm｛kgf/μm｝ 4・A・E
K3 ：Support Bearing Rigidity N/μm｛kgf/μm｝ K1 ＝ ×10ー3 N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
L
K4 ：Nut, Bearing fitting part Rigidity N/μm｛kgf/μm｝

A：Screw Shaft minimum section area

●Total Rigidity of Linear Motion system K π

A＝ d2 mm2
4
Fa
K＝ N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
δ d：Screw Shaft Root diameter mm
E：Young s modulus 2.08 ×105 N/mm2（MPa）
｛21,200kgf/mm2｝
l ：Axial distance between fixed point & Nut center mm
L：Mounting span distance mm
Fa ：Axial load applied to Linear Motion system N｛kgf｝

δ ： Elastic displacement of Linear Motion system μm

Accordingly, the amount of Screw Shaft Elastic displacement δ due to Axial load Fa is as follows.

Fa
δ＝ μm
K1

ℓ
ℓ＝ L／2
Technical description

Technical description
L
Fig. A-108：Fixed-Free in axial direction Fig. A-109：Fixed-Fixed in axial direction

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●Nut Rigidity K2 ●Support Bearing Rigidity K3

（1）Rigidity of Single Nut with backlash Support Bearing Rigidity varies depending on the type of Bearing and amount of Preload. Please inquire Bearing
The theoretical static Rigidity K2 of the Nut under an Axial load equivalent to 30% of the Basic Dynamic Load manufacturers.
Rating Ca is described in dimension table. For Axial loads which are not 30% of the Basic Dynamic Load
Rating Ca, please use the following formula. Please inquire KSS regarding theoretical Static Rigidity of
model types which are not in dimension table.
●Nut, Bearing fitting part Rigidity K4
Rigidity of Nut mounting part and Bearing mounting part vary depending on machine structure and design.
KSS cannot mention the details but a design of high Rigidity must be considered.
Fa
K′2 ＝ K2 ×（ ） N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
0.3Ca
●Screw Shaft torsion Rigidity
For positioning error due to torsion, this error is a relatively small compared to axial displacement. However, if
investigation is required, the following formula may be used for calculation.
K2：Nut Rigidity in dimension table N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
Fa：Axial load N｛kgf｝
Ca：Basic Dynamic Load Rating N｛kgf｝

32TL 180
θ＝ × ×10 deg
πGd4 π

（2）Rigidity of preloaded Ball Nut

The theoretical static Rigidity K2 under a Preload equivalent to 5% of the Basic Dynamic Load Rating Ca is
described in dimension table. For Preload amounts other than the above, please use the following formula.
θ： Torsion angle due to torsion moment deg
In case of Preload type Ball Screws, Rigidity varies depending on the dispersion of Preload Dynamic Drag
T ：Torsion moment N・cm｛kgf・cm｝
Torque. Therefore, please inquire KSS for details. KSS will calculate theoretical Static Rigidity of required
L ：Distance between Nut & Shaft end support mm
Nut models, which are not in the dimension table.
G ：Modulus of Rigidity 8.3×104 N/mm2（MPa）
｛8,500 kgf/mm2｝
d ：Screw Shaft Root diameter mm

Single Nut with oversized Ball Preload

Amount of axial displacement δa due to torsion angle is as follows.

Ga
K′2 ＝ K2 ×（ ） N/μm｛kgf/μm｝
0.05Ca θ
δa ＝ ℓ × ×103 μm
360

ℓ：Lead mm

K2 ：Nut Rigidity in dimension table N/μm｛kgf/μm｝

Technical description

Technical description
Ga：Preload amount N｛kgf｝
Ca：Basic Dynamic Load Rating N｛kgf｝

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Also, for Axial loads which vary linearly, the equivalent Axial load Fam can be calculated approximately using the
following formula.

Basic Load Rating and Basic Rating Life

Fa min ＋ 2・Fa max
Fam ＝ N｛kgf ｝
3
●Basic Dynamic Load Rating Ca and Basic Rating Life
The Basic Rating Life of Ball Screws means the total number of revolutions which 90% of the Ball Screws can Fa min：Minimum Axial load N｛kgf｝
endure. Failure is indicated by flaking caused by rolling fatigue on the surface of grooves or Balls. These figures Fa max：Maximum Axial load N｛kgf｝
are valid when a group of the same type Ball Screws are operated individually under the same conditions.
The Basic Dynamic Load Rating Ca is the Axial load for which the Basic Rating Life is 1,000,000 revolutions.
Note）As the Basic Rating Life varies due to lubricating conditions,
These values are listed under Ca in the dimension tables. Ball Screw's Basic Rating Life L10 can be estimated and contaminations, Moment load or Radial load, etc., this
using Basic Dynamic Load Rating Ca in the following formula. should be considered a rough estimate only.

●Basic Static Load Rating Coa

Ca The Basic Static Load Rating Coa is the Axial Static load at which the amount of permanent deformation（Ball
L10 ＝（ ）3×106 rev ＋ Raceway）occurring at the maximum stress contact point between the Ball and Raceway surfaces is 1/10,000
f・Fa
times the Ball diameter. These values are listed under Coa in the dimension tables. The Basic Static Load
Rating Coa values apply to investigation of stationary state or extremely low Revolution load conditions（less
than 10 minー1）. However, in most cases the amount of permanent deformation causes absolutely no problems
Also, in place of the total number of revolutions, the Basic Rating Life can be expressed in hours：L10h or under the general conditions. The maximum permissible load Fa max for the screw groove can be found by
traveled distance：L10d, and these can be calculated through the following formulas. using the following formula.

Coa
1 Fa max ＝ N｛kgf｝
L10h ＝（ ）×L10 hours Ca：Basic Dynamic Load Rating N｛kgf｝ fs
60・N Fa ：Axial load N｛kgf｝
N ：Revolution minー1｛rpm｝
ℓ ： Lead mm fs：Static safety factor）
f ：Load factor fs＝1∼2 for normal operation
f＝1.0∼1.2 for almost no vibration, no impact load fs＝2∼3 for vibration, impact
ℓ f＝1.2∼1.5 for slight vibration, impact load
L10d ＝（ ）×L10 km
f＝1.5∼3.0 for severe vibration, impact load
106

●Hardness coefficient
For Surface hardness of less than HRC58, the Basic
Hardness Coefficient
Dynamic Load Rating Ca and the Basic Static Load
1
Generally, Axial load on the most machine is not constant and it can be divided into several operating pattern. Rating Coa must be adjusted. Adjustment is made by

Hardness Coefficient
In this case, Basic Rating Life can be calculated to figure up equivalent Axial load Fam, equivalent Revolution the following formula. 0.9
Nm in the following formula. 0.8

0.7
Ca′＝ fh・Ca （N）
Coa′＝ fho・Coa （N）
Technical description

Technical description
0.6
fh
0.5
Fa13・N1・t1＋Fa23・N2・t2＋Fa33・N3・t3 fh, fho：Hardness coefficient（See graph right）
0.4
Axial load Revolution Working time Fam ＝（ ） N｛kgf｝
N1・t1＋N2・t2＋N3・t3
N｛kgf｝ min−｛
1
rpm｝ % 0.3
fho
0.2
Fa1 N1 t1
0.1
Fa2 N2 t2 N1・t1＋N2・t2＋N3・t3
Nm ＝ min ｛rpm｝
ー1

Fa3 N3 t3 t1＋t2＋t3 0
60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20
Surface Hardness（HRC）

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●Load Torque T2

Driving Torque P・ℓ・A （F＋μW）

T2 ＝ ×10ー3 ＝ ・ℓ・A×10ー3 N・m
2πη 2πη

Driving Torque T in Linear Motion system is expressed according to the following formula.
P・ℓ・A （F＋μW）
T2 ＝ ×10ー1＝ ・ℓ・A×10ー1 kgf・cm
2πη 2πη

T＝T1＋T2＋T3＋T4 N・m｛kgf・cm｝

T1：Acceleration Torque N・m｛kgf・cm｝

T2：Load Torque N・m｛kgf・cm｝ P ：Axial load N｛kgf｝
T3：Preload Dynamic Drag Torque N・m｛kgf・cm｝ F ：Load N｛kgf｝
T4：Additional Torque N・m｛kgf・cm｝ W：Weight of moving object N｛kgf｝
ℓ： Lead mm
μ： Sliding surface friction coefficient
η： Efficiency 0.9
When Motor selection, the Driving Torque in Linear Motion system is needed.
A ：Reduction ratio
T1 ∼ T3 can be calculated by the following formula
Moving Object

Table
Ｆ
●Acceleration Torque T1
Ｗ
T1＝α・I N・m
Gear
2πN Motor
α＝ rad/sec2
60・t

I ＝ Iw・A2＋Is・A2＋IA・A2＋IB kg・m2 Gear

ℓ
Iw ＝ mW ×（ ）
2
kg・m2
2π ●Preload Dynamic Drag Torque T3

d2
Is ＝ mS ×（ ） kg・m2 Fa・ℓ
8
T3 ＝ 0.05 ×（tan β）ー0.5 × ×10ー3 N・m
2π
d
mS ＝ π（ ）
2
×L×γ kg
2
Fa・ℓ
T3 ＝ 0.05 ×（tan β）ー0.5 × ×10ー1 kgf・cm
2π
α ： Angular acceleration rad/sec2

I ：Inertia moment kg・m2

Iw ：Inertia moment of moving object by Motor axial conversion kg・m2
Technical description

Technical description
Is ：Inertia moment of Screw Shaft kg・m2 β： Lead angle deg
IA ：Inertia moment of gears on screw side kg・m2 Fa：Preload N｛kgf｝
IB ：Inertia moment of gears on motor side kg・m2 ℓ： Lead mm
mW：Mass of moving object kg
mS：Mass of Screw Shaft kg
ℓ ： Lead m
d ：Screw Shaft diameter m
●Additional Torque T4
L ：Ball Screw length m
Described as Torque which occurs in addition to those listed above. For example, support Bearing friction
γ ： Specific gravity 7,850 kg/m3
Torque, oil seal resistance Torque, etc.
A ：Reduction ratio
N ：Motor speed minー1
t ：Acceleration time sec

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●Inspection and replenishment

Grease inspection should be performed once every two to three months, and Oil inspection should be performed

Rust prevention and Lubrication approximately weekly. Check the Oil or Grease amount and contamination at each inspection and replenish if
needed.
When re-greasing, the old or discolored one should be wiped off as much as you can.

●Rust prevention
KSS Ball Screws are applied anti-rust oil when shipping in case of no specific instruction. This oil should be
removed before use. Wash Ball Screws with cleaned Kerosine and apply lubricant（Grease or Oil）on Ball
Screws. As customer's request, specified Grease or Oil can be applied, but it should be noted that they are not Inspection and replenishment Interval of lubricant
suitable for long term storage purpose and rust might occur.
Note）Anti-rust oil is focused on anti-rust performance and it does not have lubricating function.
Therefore, when using Ball Screws with anti-rust oil coating, the problems such as shortened Life, Lubrication Inspection frequency Inspection Items Replenishment and replacement frequency
increase of Torque and abnormal heat generation occurs.

Automatic
Replenish at each inspection,
intermittent Weekly Oil level, contamination
●Lubrication depending on tank capacity
lubrication
In Ball Screw use, lubricant should be required. If lubricant is not applied with, the problem such as increase of
Torque and shortened Life occurs. Applying lubricant can minimize temperature increases, decline of
mechanical efficiency due to friction, and deterioration of accuracy caused by wear. Replenish annually or as necessary,
Contamination, depending on Inspection results
Ball Screw lubrication is divided into Greasing and Oiling. A regular lithium-soap-based Grease and ISO VG32- Grease Every 2 to 3 months initially
swarf contamination The old or discolored grease should be wiped off
68 Oil（turbine Oil #1 to #3）are recommended. It is highly important to choose lubricant depending on before re-greasing.

customer's usage. Especially in case of Miniature Ball Screws, malfunction such as increase of Torque are
caused by the stir resistance. KSS original Greases which maintains Ball Screw's smooth movement and have
high lubricating performance are prepared. MSG No.1 is appropriate for high smooth requirement and high Set a rule for replenishment as necessary,
Oil bath Daily before operation Oil suface check
depending on amount of wear.
positioning usage（consistency 1）. MSG No.2 is suitable for high speed and general usage（consistency 2）.
Please refer to catalogue page B101「Original Grease for Miniature Ball Screws」.

Recommended lubricants for normal operating conditions

Lubricant Type Product name

Grease Lithium-based Grease KSS original Grease MSG No.2

Lubricating Oil Sliding surface Oil or turbine Oil Super Multi 68

Technical description

Technical description
A829 A830
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Dust prevention Surface treatment

In Ball Screws, if dust or other contaminations intrude into the Ball Nut, wear is accelerated, the screw groove Surface treatment can be possible for the purpose of rust prevention. Black Chrome treatment（BCr）is KSS
will be damaged, circulation will be obstructed due to Ball fracture, damage of recirculation parts and so on. standard surface treatment for the purpose of rust prevention. Please inquire KSS if other surface treatments are
Eventually, the Ball Screws will cease to function. Where the possibility of dust or other contaminant exists, the needed.
screw thread section cannot be left exposed, and dust prevention measure such as a bellows or Telescopic pipe
must be taken.

●Feature of KSS Ball Screws with Black Chrome（BCr）coating

Due to thin film thickness（2∼3μm）, mating part can be applicable with BCr.
Due to strict production management, film thickness can be treated equally and smoothness is kept.
High anti-rust ability is possible.
To improve sliding characteristics, BCr＋fluorine resin coating is also available.
Bellows Telescopic pipe

Fig. A-110：Bellows & Telescopic pipe

Photo A-111：Black Chrome coating

KSS Ball Screws are concentrated on compact design for a feature of Miniature Ball Screw. Therefore, all models
in the catalogue are the dimension without seals. Please inquire KSS if seals are required. Please note that Nut
dimension may change due to seal installation. Some models cannot install the seals. ●Examination data of anti-rust ability
Based on the salt spray corrosion test（JIS Z2371）, anti-rust ability has been evaluated, as follows.

Standard test piece：70mm×150mm×1mm（material = SPCC ）

Data：Evaluated by appearance and rating number method
after 24 hours of salt spray corrosion test.（The less number, the more corrosion）

Rating number（Average）

Sample A（BCr coating） 9.3

Technical description

Technical description
Sample B（R coating） 9∼8

Sample C（M coating） 3∼4

Sample A Sample B Sample C

●About RoHS compliance

The Cr＋6 amount of KSS Black Chrome（BCr） coating is less value than the based on RoHS regulation.

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Traceability Calculation example of characteristic for Ball Screws.

KSS Ball Screws are manufactured from rigidly selected materials in our temperature controlled factory. They are Calculation example of characteristic for Ball Screws are mentioned as follows. Each calculation example is
manufactured using the latest production equipment, with consistent quality control supervision ranging from the modeled so that there is a case which is unrealistic.
production process to inspection and shipping.
Certificate of inspection, Photo A-112, or Inspection report, Photo A-113 can be provided as your request.
The Ball Screws produced by KSS have a serial number which is marked on the Nut（refer to the Photo A-114）.
Example 1：Vertical Pick＆Place
Record of inspection and production trail which is in correspondence to a production number, are stored in KSS
Ball Screw model and operating condition
and inspection data can be retrieved by inquiry of a serial number.

Motor Operating pattern

Up
⑥
Speed
⑤ ⑦

④ ⑧

Mass ①
Up＆Down ＝10kg ③ Time

②
m
Down

1cycle＝0.8sec

Photo A-112：Certificate of Inspection

Ball Screw spec.

Shaft dia.＝φ10mm
Lead＝10mm
Dynamic Capacity Ca＝3,300N
Total length＝180mm
Axial play＝20μm or less

Operating Pattern
Max Speed＝0.4m/sec
Technical description

Technical description
** 2,400 minー1 because of Lead 10mm
Acceleration ＆ Deceleration time＝0.05 sec
Photo A-113：Inspection report Photo A-114：Serial Number **①③⑤⑦ in diagram above
Constant speed time＝0.1 sec
**②⑥ in diagram above
Halt time＝0.2 sec
**④⑧ in diagram above
Cycle time＝0.8sec

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Calculation of Basic Rating Life 3）Calculation of equivalent Load, equivalent Revolution

Basic Rating Life is calculated in the following procedure. Calculation based on the above, calculate the equivalent Load Fam shown in catalogue p-A825 and the
equivalent Revolution Nm .

Fa13・N1・t1＋Fa23・N2・t2＋Fa33・N3・t3
Fam ＝（ ） N
Calculation of Load Calculation of Speed Calculation of
Calculation of Basic N1・t1＋N2・t2＋N3・t3
condition for each condition for each equivalent Load and
Rating Life
operating pattern operating pattern Revolution

N1・t1＋N2・t2＋N3・t3
Nm ＝ minー1
t1＋t2＋t3

1）Calculation of Load condition

Load condition of each operation pattern which is numbered is as follows.

①Down&Acceleration、⑦Up&Deceleration ： Axial load Revolution time

Operating Pattern
F1＝mgーmα N minー1 sec
②、⑥Constant Speed area ：
F2＝mg ①、⑦ Fa1＝18.1 N1＝1,200 t1＝0.05×2＝0.1

③Down&Deceleration、⑤Up&Acceleration ：
②、⑥ Fa2＝98.1 N2＝2,400 t2＝0.1×2＝0.2
F3＝mg＋mα
③、⑤ Fa3＝178.1 N3＝1,200 t3＝0.05×2＝0.1
m ：Mass＝10 kg
g ：Gravity Acceleration＝9.807 m/sec2 Total : 0.4sec
α ： Acceleration Equivalent Fam＝116.3 Nm＝1,800 1 cycle：t＝0.8 sec
Halt time：0.4 sec（50%）
Acceleration up to 0.4m/sec
α＝0.4/0.05＝8 m/sec2

4）Calculation of Basic Rating Life

Using equivalent Load and equivalent Revolution, Basic Rating Life is calculated according to the catalogue
2）Calculation of Speed condition page A825.
Revolution of each operation pattern which is numbered is as follows.

Constant speed area（②、⑥）：

0.4 m/sec＝0.4×60 m/min＝24 m/min
＝2,400 minー（1
Lead 10mm） Basic Rating Life L10h ＝｛106（
/ 60・Nm）｝×｛Ca/（f・Fam）｝3 hours
Acceleration and deceleration area（①、③、⑤、⑦）：
as above average revolution, 2,400/2＝1,200 minー1 L10h ＝ 96,280 hours

f ：Load coefficient （Assumption 1.3 ）

Ca：Basic Dynamic Load Rating（3,300 N）
Technical description

Technical description
Due to halt time is 50%,
96,280/0.5 ＝ 192,560 hours operation.
If 24 hours operation is premised.
192,560/24 ＝ 8,023 days, it shows that enough life is kept.

A835 A836
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Calculation of Driving Torque for Linear Motion system Example 2：Horizontal Small lathe
Calculate Driving Torque for Linear Motion system according to the catalogue page A827. It is important when Ball Screw model and operating condition
motor selection. In the above case, due to backlash type Ball Screw, Preload Dynamic Drag Torque does not
occur. Therefore, calculate acceleration Torque T1 and Load Torque T2.

Operating pattern
T ＝ T1 ＋ T2 ＋ T3 ＋ T4 N・m
L：Critical speed（Fixed−Supported）
Max speed＝2,500min−1
T1：Acceleration Torque N・m
Motor
T2：Load Torque N・m Fixed Fixed
Supported Speed ② Load＝200N
T3：Preload Dynamic Drag Torque N・m ③ Speed＝50min−1
T4：Additional Torque N・m ④

①
1）Calculation of acceleration Torque T1 Time
L：Buckling load（Fixed−Fixed） 4.0sec
T1 ＝ α・I ＝ α（Iw＋Is） N・m
α ： Angular acceleration rad/sec2 0.25sec 0.5sec 0.25sec

I ：Inertia moment kg・m2

Iw ：Inertia moment of moving object by motor axis conversion kg・m2
Is ：Inertia moment of Screw Shaft kg・m2

Iw ＝ mW ×（ℓ/2π）2 ＝ 2.53 × 10ー5 kg・m2

mW：Mass of moving object＝ 10 kg
ℓ ： Ball Screw Lead＝ 0.01 m Ball Screw spec.
Shaft dia.＝φ12mm
Is ＝ mS×（d2/8）＝（d/2）2πγ × L ×（d2/8）＝ 0.139 × 10ー5 kg・m2 Lead＝2mm
mS ：Mass of Screw Shaft kg Shaft Root dia. d＝φ10.6mm
γ ： Specific gravity of Screw Shaft＝ 7,850 kg/m3 Dynamic Capacity Ca＝1,900N
d ：Shaft dia.＝ 0.01 m Mounting span L＝400mm
L ：Shaft length＝ 0.18 m Axial play＝0μm or less
Mass of moving object m＝500kg
α ＝（2πN）
/60t ＝ 5,026.5 rad/sec2 Sliding surface friction coefficient μ＝0.01
N ：Max speed＝ 2,400 minー1
t ：Acceleration time＝ 0.05sec
Operating Pattern
Max Speed＝5m/min
T1 ＝ 5,026.5 ×（2.53 ＋ 0.139）× 10ー5 ＝ 0.134 N・m
** 2,500 minー1 because of Lead 2mm
Operating pattern：see diagram above
①Acceleration＝0.25sec
2）Calculation of Load Torque T2） ②Constant speed＝0.5sec
③Deceleration＝0.25sec
T2＝mgℓ（
/ 2πη）＝ 0.173 N・m ④Working＝4.0sec
Technical description

Technical description
m：Mass of moving object＝ 10 kg Load＝ 200N
g：Gravity acceleration＝ 9.807 m/sec2 Revolution at turning＝50 minー1
ℓ： Ball Screw Lead＝ 0.01 m
η： Ball Screw efficiency＝ 0.9

3）Calculation of Driving Torque T for Linear Motion system

In case without consideration of Torque by support Bearings, Driving Torque of Ball Screw is as follows.

T = T1 ＋ T2 = 0.134 N・m ＋ 0.173 N・m = 0.307 N・m

A837 A838
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Calculation of permissible Revolution

Calculate permissible Revolution based on the catalogue page A816
Calculation of permissible Axial load
1）Study of Buckling load
Calculate Buckling load according to the following formula in Catalogue page A815.

60・λ2 E・I・g
N ＝β × × minー1｛rpm｝
2π γ ・A ・L4

nπ2E・I π
P＝α× N I＝ d4 mm4
L2 64 π π
I＝ d4 mm4 A＝ d2 mm2
64 4

Substitute safety factor α＝0.5,

Young's modulus E＝2.08×105N/mm（ 2
MPa）
Root diameter d＝10.6mm, Substitute safety factor β=0.8,
Fixed−Fixed mounting factor n＝4, Young's modulus E＝2.08×105N/mm（ 2
MPa）,
mounting span distance L＝400mm in formula above. gravity acceleration g＝ 9.8×10 mm/sec2,
3

material specific gravity γ＝7.7×10-5N/mm3,

Root diameter d＝10.6mm,
P ＝ 15,900N Fixed−Support mounting factor λ＝3.927,
mounting span distance L＝400mm in formula above.

It is more than maximum Load so that there is no problem. N ＝ 10,000 minー1

Therefore, it is more than maximum Revolution and there is no problem.

2）Study of permissible Load for yield stress

Calculate permissible Load for yield stress based on catalogue page A815.

π
P＝σ×A N A＝ d2 mm2
4

Substitute permissible stress σ＝98N/mm（2

MPa）,
Root diameter d＝10.6mm in the formula above.
Technical description

Technical description
P ＝ 8,650 N

It is more than maximum Load and there is no problem.

A839 A840
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Ball Scresw

Calculation of Basic Rating Life

1）Calculation of Load condition according to the operating pattern diagram

Speed V＝5m/min ＝ 83.3mm/sec

Acceleration α ＝ 83.3/0.25 ＝ 333 mm/sec2 ＝ 0.333 m/sec2
Load due to acceleration & deceleration F ＝ mα ＝ 500×0.333 ＝ 167 N
Load of moving object ＝ Load during constant speed F1 ＝ μmg ＝ 49N
Revolution at constant speed N1 ＝ 2,500 minー1
Load during acceleration & deceleration F2 ＝ F ＋ F1 ＝ 216N
Revolution at acceleration N2 ＝ 2,500 /2 ＝ 1,250 minー1
Load during turning F4 ＝ 200N ＋ F1 ＝ 249N
Revolution at turning N4 ＝ 50 min-1

Sum up calculation results above, results are as follows.

Axial load（F） Revolution（N） time（t） Percentage

Operating Pattern
N minー1 sec %

① Acceleration 216 1,250 0.25 5

② Constant Speed 49 2,500 0.5 10
③ Deceleration 216 1,250 0.25 5
④ Turning 249 50 4.0 80

2）Calculation of equivalent Load, equivalent Revolution

According to catalogue page A825, equivalent Load Fam is as follows.

F13N1ｔ1＋F23N2ｔ2＋F33N3ｔ3＋F43N4ｔ4
Fam ＝（ ） N
N1t1＋N2t2＋N3t3＋N4t4

Substitute each number in table in the formula above, Fam = 166N

In case of the equivalent Revolution, substitute each number in table in the following formula,
Nm ＝ 415 minー1

N1t1＋N2t2＋N3t3＋N4t4
Nm ＝（ ）＝ 415minー1
t1＋t2＋t3＋t4
Technical description

3）Calculation of Basic Rating Life

Substitute the equivalent Load Fam and Revolution Nm in the following formula, page A825 in catalogue.

106 Ca
L10h ＝（ ）×（ ）3＝ 3.48 × 104 hours
60・Nm f・Fam

Here, Basic Dynamic Load Rating Ca ＝ 1900N, Load factor f ＝ 1.2.

A841 A842