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llil.E.[. 2021-221
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY-NALGONDA

t
The members of Board of studies in physics
for pG met on 37.0r.2022from 3.00 pm to
3 30 pm (virtual mode through google
meet: hftp://meet.googre.com/etv-roes-wff)
discussed various issues pertaining to approve and
rh" M.s..Irhyrics I,II,III & IV semester
Syllabus w.e.f 2021- 22 onwards.

Members Present:

1. Prof. D. Karuna Sagar

2. Prof . M. Srinivas
3. Prof.M. prasad
4. Prof.Xy'.Laxman Naik. J
5. Dr. Md. Shareefuddin
6. Dr.N. V. Prasad
Resolutions:

l Trre syilabus for M Sc. physics r, r1,

ilr, & IV semesters has been approved
same is w.e.f.2027_22 admitted batch and
onwards.

(Plo"f.lD. Karuna Sa$fl

t$u'w4-
(Prof. M. Srinivas)

/1,-,
(Pro f.M. Prasad)
pror.flalma"N#;.S
f4vYt
(Dr. Mdi Shareefuddin)
\'&'4?
(Dr.N. V. Prasad)
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAIIATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

M. Sc. (Physics) Course under CBCS

lW.e.l2O2L-2022 for the batch admitted in I year from the academic year 204f - 2022t,
Scheme of lnstructions and Examinations

Semester - I

Paper lnstruc- Duration Max.

Sub.Code Subject tions. Credits o! exam. Marks
Sl. No No.
Hrs/week (hours)
THEORY
Mathematical Physics and Numerical 4 4 3 20+80.
C1 PHY 101 T
llethods

02 PHY ,I 02 T Classical l\.4echanics 4 4 3 20+80.

03 PHY103 T tlt Solid State Physics 4 4 3 20+80-

4 3 20+80*
04 PHY 104 T IV Electronic Devices & Circuits 4

PRACTICALS

05 PHY 105 P Optics 6 4 3 100

06 PHY 106 P VI Computer programming 6 4 3 100

a7 PHY 51 Seminar 2 I 25
Comrnunicative Engiish &Soft 10+40*
1.5 2 2
08 ADD ON Skills

Total: 27 675

PHY- Physics, T- Theory, P- Practical, S- Seminars

. Out of 100 Marks for each theory paper 20 Marks are allotted for internals and 80 for
University exam. Common Syllabus to University and Constituent Golleges.

There shall be no internal assessment examinations for practicals. Practical Examinations will
be conducted at the end of each semester.

Pattern of Question Paper: The question paper consisls of two parts, each covering all the four units.

Part - A consists of FOUR short notes questions, carrying 5 marks eaqh. The student has to answer all the
questions. Part - B consists of FOUR essay type questions with an internal choice. Each question carries 15
ma rks.
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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
NIAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

M. Sc. (physics) Course un<.ler CBCS

tW -e.f 2O2L-2O22 for the batch admitted in I year from the academic year 2 OZf _ 2OZZI
Scheme of lnstructions and Examinations
I

Semester - ll

Paper Instruc- Du.ation nJhx.

Sl.No Sub.Code No, Subject tions. Credits of exam. Marks
Hrs/Week (hours)
THEORY

PHY 201 T
01 l Quantum Mechanics - I 4 4 3 20+80*

02 P HY2O2T Statistical lvlechanics 4 4 3 20+80'

03 PHY 203 T t Electromagnetic Theory 4 4 3 20+80-

04 PHY 2O4T Digital Eieckonics and

4 4 3 20+80*
lMicroprocessors

05 PHY 205 P ; Heat & acoustics

PRACTICAIS
- .-t
bl 4 3 '100

06 PAE 206 P VI Electronics 6 4 3 100

a7 ADD ON Human Values & Ethics 1.5 2 10+40*

OB PHY 52 SEmfiei- 2 1 25
Total: 31 .5 27 675

PHY- Physics, T- Theory, p- practical, S- Seminars

*ort of 100 Marks for each theory paper 20 Marks are aflotted for internars and g0
Universitv exam. common svilabiri t6 university anu conititruni coii;;";.-"- "" for
'"'
There shall be no internal assessment examinations for practicals. practical
Examinations will be conducted at the end of eactr lemJCiL..

Pattern of Question paper: The question paper consists of two parts,

each covering aI the four units.
Part - A consists of FouR short notes questions, carrying 5 marks
each. The student has to answer all the
questjons Part - B consists of FoLIR essay type questions with an internal choice. Each question carries 15
marks.

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 {

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

M.Sc Physics Gourse under CBCS

(w.e.f academic year 2021 - 20221
 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
M.Sc (physics) I- Semester Syllabus

PHY 101 T

Mathematicat rnr!*"[, *'r."ricat Methods

UNIT -l: (13 Hrs)
Lege-ndre:s Differential Equation: The power series solution Frlhctions of
the first and second kind -Generating Function- Rodrigues-Legendre
ro-rmuta -ortioionit
Properties - Recurrence Rerations. Beta and Gamma fundflon
between them
-properties -Retaiioni
Bessel's. Differential Equation: power series solution -Bessel Functions of First and
second kind- Generating Function -orthogonal properties
-Recurrence Relations.
Hermite Differentiar Equation: powei series Solution -Hermite potynomiats -
Generating Function-orthogonality -Recurrence relations -Rodrigues formula '

UNIT - ll: (13 Hrs)

Fourier Transform : lnfinite Fourier sine and cosine transforms
-properties of Fourier
transforms-Derivative of Fourier transform -Fourier transform of a oerivative_Fouriei
sine and cosine transform of derivatives-Finite Fourier transforms
Fourier Transforms. -npptications oi
Laplace Transform: Properties of Laprace transforms
-Derivative of Laprace transform
- Laplace transform of a derivative -Laplace transform of periodic functions- Inverse
Laplace transform and its properties -rnverse Laprace theorem
Evaluation of inverse Laplace Transforms by Convolution lheorem.
-convorution treorem-

UNIT Ill :( 13Hrs)

solution of Algebraic Equations: Back substitution Gauss Elimination method, Gauss_
Jordan Elimination method, pivoting, Jacobi methods & Gauss-seidel iterative methods
Comparison of direct and iterative methods.
Root-finding Methods: Bisection method, successive bisection method, method of false
position, Newton-Raphson method, Secant method, method of successive
approximations.
UNIT lV: (13 Hrs)
lnterpolation and differential equations: Lagrange's Newton interpolation method, least
square line fitting. Numerical differentialion, Numerical lntegration (Gaussian
euadrature
method, Newton-cotes lntegration formula, Trapezoidal rule and simpson,s rule.
solving of
problems - writing programs in C- Language for these rules.
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations: Euler,s method &Runge-Kutta
melhod (second & fourth order)

Recommended Books:
1. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and physicists -Lious A pipes and Lawrance R.
Rarvill
2. Mathematicar physics - AK Ghatak, IC Goyar and sL chua-Macmi an rndia Ltd.
3. Mathematical Physics - Satya prakash
4. Sastry: Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis.
5. An Introduction to Numerical Analysis by Kendall E. Atkinson.
6. Numerical Methods - E. Baraguruswamy, Tata McGraw - HiI pubrishing company
Limited.
T Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering computations
- M.R.Jain, S.R.K
lyengar and R.K. Jain - pHj publisher.

J
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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) l- Semester Syllabus

PHY 1oz r
Pup"r- tt
MECHANICS
{

CLASSICAL \'

UNIT - I: NeMonian formalism(13 Hrs)

lnertial frames and Galilean transforms-Non-inertial frames-pseudo forces, rotational frames,

rotational transforms and conservation theorems. Description of rotations in terms of Euler
angles-Euler's equations of motion for a rigid body.Minkowski space, space-time diagrams, world
point and world line-relativistic motion and Lorentz transforms as rotations in four-space, four
velocity, energy-momentum vectors with few examples.

UNIT - ll: Lagrangian formalism(13 Hrs)

Constraints, generalized coordinate. Principle of virtual work and D'Alembert's principle

Lagrange's equations from D'Alembert's principle- Applications of Lagrange's equations (plane
_ and spherical pendulums, L-C circuit), velocity dependent potential-Lagrangian for a charged
particle in electromagnelic field, Euler's equations from Lagrange equations, Hamilton's principle-
Lagrange equation's from Hamilton's principle.

UNIT - lll: Hamiltonian formalism (13 Hrs)

Principle of Least Action and Hamilton's equations - Applications of Hamilton's equations

(l\,4otion of a particle in a central force field, projectile motion of a body). Cyclic coordinates and
conservation theories, Canonical coordinates and canonical transforms, Conditions for a
' transformation to be canonical, generatlng functions, Lagrange and Poisson brackets. Hamilton
equations in Poisson bracket from, Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

UNIT - lV: Mechanics of continuous systems (13 Hrs)

Analysis of the free vibrations of a linear triatomic molecule, Eigen value equation- Principal axis
transformation-Frequencies and normal coordinates Lagrangian formulation for continuous
syslems, Hamiltonian formulation.

Reference Books:
1. Classical Mechanics : By Goldstein, Poole &Safko (Pearson 2002)
2. Classlcal Mechanics:By JC Upadhyaya (Himalaya Publishing House)
3. lntroduction to Classical l\4echanics : Takwale&Puranik (TMH)
4. Classical Mechanics :Rana&Joag (TMH)
5. Classical l\4echanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies :Kiran C Gupta. (New Age
-' lnternational Publishers)
6. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics: Calkin (Allied Publishers 2000)
7. Lagrangian Dynamics : Dave Wells (schaum series)

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
"
MAHATMnEANDHI
"
M.S" tPhysics) l- Semester Syllabus

PaPer - lll
PHY 103 T
Solid State Phvsics

a1{-Band Theorv solids: (" *tt)

UNIT - lCrystallogrlnlv packing in solids' ,c *.,u, structures of fcc,
bcc,
irrtrtarii"ti io cryital structures' atomict"o*" g"to;ptlno tn"ir notation Tvpes of Defects
hcn. svmmetry operations, t" "i n;;;t'
Defects'
in !orl,i. Scntttky Defects - Frenkel
Failure of Free electron theory of
metals' Bloch
Classical free electron theory of metals'
poi"ntlrt ix'onig- Pennv model)' E vs K relation'
theorem, Behavior ot Nelative effective mass and concepl
"t"tt'* 'i'p"''i#i"
Densitv of states in a oano, cnecfie'"m'a"si "ilrlitr-"it'
and lnsulators'
Iin"'"1 otir""itn b"t*""n metals Semiconductors
UNIT - ll Semiconductor Materials: (13 Hrs)
and exrlnsic
in semiconductors' Band oao lntrinsic
Semiconductor Structure - Conduction u"a hole c;ncentrations. Hall Effect in
semiconductors _ Fermi levet- #;il;:;;;;i;.tion
semiconduciors.
Absorption. Dep.th' Generation Rate'
Types of
Absorotion of Light (Absorption Coefficient Through Defect
Recombination Radiative I;","a"ni n""o'linution' necombination
B';; Laser diode'
p[oto
;';;i";
oioa""' LED' solar cell'
Levels, Auger Recomninatlonl, i-N

Unit lll Thin Films: (13 Hrs)

techniques'
nucleation and growth' Thin film deposition
Advantaqes of Thin Films, Thin Film lon assisted
Evaporaiion, sputtering, rpcv'o ani
npCvo' pr'"'"" Enhanced' hot wire CVD'
Films'
deposition, Thickness measur#""[,
ir""tridal and optical properties of Thin
Properties: (1 3 Hrs)
UNIT - lV Lattice Vibrations and Thermal
of a diatomic
array of identical atoms' Vihra'tional modes
Elastic waves in one dimensional absorption ln ionic crystals' Phonons and
tinper lattice and disperston relations' lnfrared
oi"persion relation in crystal lattices'
""iiitrti"" "t
Lattice heat capacity- fintt"' b"Uye theorfes' Lattice thermal conductivity -Phonon
ffi:;i#;rin'oiigln or t'ermaT'nJ
expZnsitn and Grunceisen relation'

Reference Books:

Solid State Physics - A Deckker' Macmillian lndian Ltd' 2003'

J
lnc, New York
,"'s"rio stut" er,y.i"-. - c. kittur, Johan wiley Sons
i.ir"oi"iJ. plvis-
lirio si'it" Rl singtiat, KedarNath&Ramnath&.Co' .2006
sriuiit"'"' Prentice Hall lndia' 2006'
Elements of Solid State 1ny"'cs - J.P p"utton Education lnc' 2002'
Elements of Solid State rnyt'tt -. Aiib*"i'
Solar cells M.A. Green (PHl)
-
Thin films bY Goswami
Thin films bY K.L.ChoPra'
Solid State PhYSics - S O Pillai

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) l- Semester Syllabus
t

PHY 104 T Paper - lV

Electronic Devices & Circuits

Unit l(13 hrs)

speciar purpose erectronic devices: zener
diode, Tunnel diode, varactor diode,
- operating modes, transistor biasing conriguration" Transistor
1r;iltor as a switch, Fierd _ Effect
Transistor (FEr), NlosFET ano tneiipaiamit#,-slil
-* c"r"trrction, characteristics and
Uni Junciion rrun."tol- fuLrl"*nstruction,
::T1Ji:l,i:ffifiij[:",", characterisrics and

Unit ll (13 hrs)

swirch mode power supp,v, ,c
:?ffi1":1'lilYrlf:;ffi|"J,f::1il?1,:?y"#:s:,, vo,tase

Amplifiers: RC Coupted _ Frequency response, Emitter

foljower _ frequencv
"= :T!!fi?|- r""-obu.[,topo[-giJs crassitications,
response. impedance measurements.
positive and
negative feedback techniques, Advantages of nugutlu"i""dii"k.
shin oscirrator, wein Bridse osci,ator,
ffilii:tS::18?i[ti,T,,?St;Iliii"lhase Harrrey and

Unit lll (13 hrs)

operationar Amprifiers: characteristics, open
and crosed roops configurations, Invertino
Non - inverting amprifiers vortage io,o*ei and
- nJoitrci, !riir"i.,ior. Differentiator, inteoiaror
'rlgu;iihrr.
Anatog compuration
- sorution^tJ_.";";;;,1;r"';:Er
Waveform generators: Sine wave, square and Anti-rog amprifie,s.
wave, and saw toJth voltage generators.
Unit IV (13 hrs)

ffiffi,i;'ii,,t"1^ctive -
Filters First and second order low pass,
high pass, band pass and
Timer Circuits: S55 timer _ Asta.ble, monostable,
VCO. Schmrtt trigger phase
(PLL) (rc 565) Basic principres or rrequencv
mJii;]i"il;" I;il,.,on, anarog phaselocked loop
detecror.
Reference Books:

1) Electronic Devics and cjrcuit theory _

Robert L.Boylestrad & Louis Nasheisky.
2) tntegrated Etectronics: Millmann &
Halkies ffata frrf ag;w Hif
3) Microelectronics: Millmann & Grable D

4) Operational amptifiers;iamakanth
A Gaykwad(printic Hall lndia)
5) Semiconductor by SI\,4 Sze, Wiley (1
98S)
6) lntrodduction to semiconductor Devjces'by
N/.S Tyagi #John wiley & sons
7) Fundamentals of electronics &
applications nV.r.d.fVO"r.

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) I- Semester Syllabus

PHY 105 P Paper V (practical,s)

-
Optics
1. Fraun hoffer Diffraction Single - Double Slit.

2. Determination of wavelength of laser light Transmission grating.

-
3. Spectrophotometer

a) Cauchy's constants

b) Dispersive power of the prism

4. NeMon's rings Y & n of glass plate

5. Verification of law of mauls

6. Fiber optics experiments

a) Determination of numerical aperture of a given optjcal fiber,

b) Estimation of losses in the given Optical fiber (Bending, Coupling, Iosses).

c) Oplical source (LED) and optical detector (photo diode) Characteristics.

7. Determination of wavelength oi sodium light _ optical grating.

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY - NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) l- Semester SyUabus

PHY 106 P paper-Vl (practicat,s)

Comouter Prooramminq Lab (Any Ten) {r.

1. Evaluation of function sin x, cos x and log x eic.

2. Evaluation of determinant of a matrix and matrix multiplication.

3. Evaluation of the values of l"torder Bessel function

Solutions of Non - Linear Eouations

4. Newton - Raphson method

5. Bi-Section method

Numerical lnteo ration

6. Trapezoidal rule

7. Simpson's 1i3d & 3/8th rule

8. Gaussian Quadrature

- Solutions of Differential Eouations

9. Euler's method

10. Runge-Kutta l\/elhod

1 1. Making difference Table

1 2. Lagrange's inierpolation

13. Polynomial curve fitting method.

Solutions of system of Linear Equations

14. Gauss's elimination method

15. Gauss's seidel method.

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II SEMESTER SYLLABII STARTS HERE

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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY . NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) ll- Semester Syllabus

PHY 201 T Paper - |

Quantum Mechanics- I
t
UNIT -l Basics of Quantum Mechanics (13 hrs)

Linear vector space, Dirac's Ket and Bra notation. Eigen value equalion, Eigenkets and Eigenvalues
- Degenerate and non degenerate states - completeness relation, Wave functions in position and
momentum space. Normalization and Ofthogonality of wave functions, change of basis. Observables
operators, Hermitian operators and their properties-commuting and non-commuting operators,
Physical significance. lvlatrix representations of vectors and operators
-Observable and expectation
value of an observable - Parity opera'ior, Projection operator and significance- Basic commutation
relations. Uncertainty principle between any two non commuting Operators.

UNIT -ll Exactly Solvable problems (13 hrs)

The Schrodinger, Helsenberg picture and interaction pictures.Linear harmonic oscillator-Solution to

schrodinger equation, Eigen values and Eigen functions, properties of stationary states, Linear
harmonic oscillator- solution by operators method. Raising and Lowering operators, the number
operator. Hydrogen atom, solution of the radial part of the Schrodinger equations.

UNIT -lll Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics (13 hrs)

Space and time displacemenls -unitary operators of space and time displacements and equations of
motion.Generators of infinitesimai rotations.Space inversion and unitary inversion operator - intrinsic
parity. Time reversal operaior -antj-linear operator- time reversai operator for spin zero and
non-
zero spin particles.

UNIT -lV Angular Momentum (13 hrs)

orbital Angular Momentum, commutation Relations involving : L2,L,, Ly, L.

-Eigen values and Eigen
functions of L2 -Generalized angular momentum, J - commutation relations between J2 Ind
components of J. J* and J- - Eigen values of J2 and J.. Matrix representation for J, and J.. spin
angular momentum-Pauli spin matrices and their properties. Addition of angular momenta - Clebsch-
Gordon coefficients- Recursion relations-C-G coefficients lor J, = y., Jz = yz, and Jt yz, Jz
= =1, as
examples.

Reference Books:

1. Quantum l\,4echanics by Ll Schiff

2. A Text book Quantum Mechanics : pl\,il Mathews and K Venkateshan (TMH)
3. Quantum ivlechanics by Ghatak and Lokanathan (Macmillian)
4. Quantum l\4echanics by E Merzbacher (John Wiley)
5. Quantum Mechanics by Aruldhas (New Age lnternational
6. Modern Quantum Mechanics by Sakurai (Addison Wesley

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY . NALGONDA
NI.Sc (Physics) Il- Semester Syllabus

t
PHY 202 T Paper ll
-
Statistical Mechanics

UNIT - l: (13 Hrs)

Relation between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics- Micro stages and macro states of a
system - Phase space- Ensembles - Mean values and ensemble average -Density dislribution in
phase space- Liouville's theorem. Apriori probability postulate -l\4icro canonical, canonical and
grand canonical ensembles -Quantization of phase space.Entropy and Probability -Equilibrium
conditions:Thermal, mechanlcal and concentration equilibrium. Entropy of a perfect gas using
micro canonical ensemble-Gibbs paradox-Sackur.-Tetrode equation.
UNIT - ll: (13 Hrs)
Maxwell -Boltzmann statistics-Distribution law- Maxwell velocity distribution-Equipartition
theorem.Canonical ensemble- Partition function-ldeal gas, Grand canonical ensemble-Partition
function-ldeal gas. Quantum Statistical Mechanics-Poslulates- lndistinguishabiliiy-Bose-Einstein
and FermlDirac statistics and distribution laws.Partition function and thermodynamic quantities-
Translational, rotalional and vibrational partition functions - Specific heat of diatomic molecules.
UNIT - lll: (13 Hrs)
ldeal Bose-Einstein gas-Energy and pressure of the gas. Bose-Einstein condensation-Liquid
HeliumTwo FIuid model-Phonons, rotons, super fluidity. Ideal Fermi-Dirac gas Energy and
pressure of the gas -Electronic specific heat, thermionic emission, white dwarfs.
UNIT - lV: (13 Hrs)
Fluctuation-mean square deviation-Fluctuations in energy, volume and concentration Brownian
motion-Classiflcation of phase transition-Phase transitions of first and second kind: lsing model,
Bragg-Williams approximation-One dimensional Ising model a application to Ferro magnetic
systems-Order-Disorder transition.

Reference Books:
1. Statistical Mechanics by SatyaPrakash and JP AgaMal (Pragati Prakahan-2002)
2. Statistical lVlechanics by Gupta and Kumar (PragathiPrakahan -?002)
3. Statistical Mechanics by BK Agarwal and IVI Eisner (New Age lnternaional)
4. Siatistical l\,4echanics by RK Srivatava and J Ashok (Prentice Hall, lndia)
5. lntroduction to phase transitions and critical Phenomena HE Stanley (Clrendon Press,
Oxford).
6. Heat and Thermodynamics by Zemansky (TMH).

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY -
NALGONDA
N/.Sc (Physics) ll- Semester Syllabus

PHY 203 T Paper - lll

I
Electromagnetic Theory

UNIT - l: Electro-Static Potentials and Maxwell,s Field Equations (.13 Hrs)

Special techniques for calculating electrostatic potential: poisson,s ano
Lajlace,s equations_
olutions of Laprace's equations for erectrostatic potentiar in cartesian, sphericar
and
cyiindrical coordinates-Multipore expansion of the energy of a system
of charges in an
eleclrostatic field-The scalar and vector magnetic potentials.
Derivation of Maxwefl's equations-Generar wave equation-Gauge transformations-Lorentz
and Coulomb gauges-Momentum, angular momentum and free energies
of electromagnetic
field- Poynting Theorem (work energy theorem in electrodynamics).
UNIT - ll: Propagation of plane Electromagnetic Waves (13 Hrs)
Electromagnetic (EM) waves in unbounded media-EM wave equation
for a homogeneous
isotropic dielectrc medium-propagation of pran EM waves in free
space-propagatio-n of EM
waves in homogeneous isotropic dielectrrc medium- Energy transmitted
by a plane EM wave-
Propagation of EM wave in conducing medium- Attenuation and
Skin effect-Energy
transmitted -Polarization of EM wave.
UNIT - lll: Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Mater (13
Hrs)
Propagation of EM waves in bounded media-Boundary conditions for
EDB and H - Refrection
and Refraction of plane EM waves at plane interface between lwo
dielectrics_Laws of
reflection and refraction-Fresnel's relations- Reflection (R) and rransmission(
T) coefficients -
Brewster's angre- Totar internar refrection-Refrection and Refraction
of plane EM waves at
plane interface between non-conducing and conducting medium-rvietalic
refrection and its
applications -Dispersion in non- conductors
-Normal and anomalous dispersion.
U_NIT - lV: Electromagnetic Fields and Radiating
Systems (1 3 Hrs)
Electromagnetic radiation: rnhomogeneous wave equation for'potenti;rs-Retarded
l\,4ultipole expansion of Er\lr radiation for harmonicafly osciflating '- -
potentiars_
source-t_ong *av"rengih
approximation-oscillating electric dipole radiation-oicillating rn'agnetic
dipoie radiationliadiation
from centerfed linear antenna
Radiation from accererated charges:Lienardwiechert potenriars-Erectromagnetic
fierd of a
charge in arbitrary motion.

Reference Books:
1. Classical Electrodynamics by Sp puri, Tata McGraw_Hill publishing
2. rntroduction to Erectrodynamics by DJ Griffiths, prentice- uart of tniiaCo., Ltd (2000).
3. Etectrodynamics by Gupta, Kumar and Singh, Fragathiprakashan puUlisfrlng ir'ggall----'
4. Electricity and Magnetism by MH Nayfeh and MK Brussel, John witey ano
IZOOZI
-son" '- vvr
s-ons I uur,'
ro \rtgast.
5. Ctassical Electrodynamics by J D Jackson, wirey ano
6. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory by "rofrn tisdsj.
JR Rietz, FJ Milford and Ciristy, Narosa
Publishing house (1 986)
7. Engineering Electromagnetics by WH Hayt and JA Buck Tata Mc_craw Hill (200 j)
8. Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems by EC Jordan and KG Balmain,
PrenticHall (1968

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY . NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) ll- Semester Syllabus

PHY 204 T Paper - IV

Digital Electronics & Microorocessors I,
Unit-l (13 hrs)
combinational Logic -lntroduction to logic gates, Demerger's theorems, Boolean algebra, Boolean
laws, simplifications of Boolean expressions, Sum of product (sop) and product of Sum (pos)
forms, fundamental product, Min terms and Max terms. Karnaugh maps (up to 4 variables). Logic
families and their performance characteristics- RTL, DTL, l,R logic, TTL, ECL, pMOS. Nl\,4OS and
CMOS logic.

Unitll (13 hrs)

Sequential Logic: RS D, JK, MS-JK and r flip{lops, their operating principals and truth tables. shift
and control shift registers and their operations. Counters: BCD Asynchronous counter, modulo-N
counters synchronous and ring counters. Encoders and Decoders. Memories: RAM, RoM, pRolvl
and EPROIM

Unit-lll (13 hrs)

Data converters: Digital to Analog conveders (DAC) binary weigher, R-2R ladder type, Analog to
digital converters (ADC), Dual slope integrated type, simultaneous type, successive approximation
and countertype. Realization of A,/D converter using D/A converter. Multiplexer and De Multiplexer.

Unitlv (13 hrs)

Microprocessors: lntroduction to microprocessors, Organization and Architecture of lntel g0g5.
Signal diagram, eiplanation of various functional modules of 8085.Flag Register and explanation of
various flags with suitable examples, lnterrupts, stack. lnstruction set: lnstruction formats,
addressing modes, and instruction groups of 8085, Data transfer, Arithmetic, logical, branch, I/o and
machine control group. Programming-Assembly Language programs for sorting data, arranging data
in Ascending or Descending, BCD addition.

Text and Reference books:

1. Digital Principles and Applications - A. p.Malvino and Donald p.Leach (TMH)
2. Modern Digiial Electronic - R.p.Jain (TMH 3d Edition)
i, Fundamentals of Digital circuits - A.Anand Kumar (pHl)
4. Microprocessor Architecture, programming and applications with g0g5/g0g6_
Ramesh-S-gaonkar (Wiley Eastern Edition)
5. l\4icroprocessor and iVlicrocomputers - B.Ram(TMH)
6. lntroduction to Microprocessor - Aditya p.l/athur (TMH)
7. Advanced Microprocessor and peripherals
-A.K.Ray and K.M. Bhurchandi.

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY . NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) ll- Semester Syllabus

PHY 205 P Paper - V (Practical's)

Heat & Acoustics I
'1. Specific heat of graphite

2. Ultrasonic Velocity in the given liqu jd (wa1er) media.

3. Stefan's constant.

4. y and n of the material of the given spiral spring.

5. Coefficient of linear expansion of solid (Brass / Aluminum/Copper/lron.)

6. Viscosity of a given liquid by oscillating disc.

7. Estimation of eTrors. (Gaussian Curve)

8. Characteristics of a given thermostat / semiconductor

9. TEP
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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY . NALGONDA
M.Sc (Physics) ll- Semester Syllabus

PHY 206 P Paper - Vl (Practical's) {

Elestrqiq(A n y Ten)
1. Design & study of a Regulated power supply using lC 723.
2. Frequency response of RC coupled amplifier.

3. Design of CE Transistor amplifier

4. Study of basic operational amplifier (741), lnverting and non - inverting amplifier.

5. Construction of Astable Multivibratior with lC 741 and study its response.

6. Phase Shift Oscillator (BC 107 I LM741)

7. Wein Bridge Oscillator (BC 107 I LM741\

- L Astable Multivibrator (lC 555)

9. Schmitt Trigger (lC 741)

10. Differentiator and lntegrator (lC 741)

11. Construction and verification of logic gates using TTL NAND and NOR gates.
' 12. Study of flip Flops (R-S, J-K and MS J-K)

13. Digilal - to analog converter using R-2R ladder network.

1 4. Study of Voltage controlled oscillalor using lC - 566.

15. Experiments with microprocessor, internal 8085.

ii)To arrange N numbers in ascending order

iii)To write a program to add two I - bit

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY-NALGONDA
M. Sc. -Physics Course under CBCS (for the batch admitted in the academic year 2021-2022 oD rvards.)
Scheme of Instruction and Examination
Semester III
I

Instruction ,Duration Of
Max.
Sl. No Sub, Code Subject exam.
Hrs/Week Credits
(Hours ) Marks
THEORY
01 PHY 3() 1T Nuclea. Physics 4 4 20+80*x
Advanced Quantum Mechanics 4
a2 PHY 3O2T 4 3 20+80**

Snecial oaner-I
PHY EC3OJT Micro\rave Devises & Antenna Systems
4 4 20+80+*
0i
PHY NEC 3O3T Photovoltaics
4 4 20+80**
Snecialoaoer-[I

PHY EC3O4T Aralog &Digital Transmission

04 Techniques and Information Theory. 4 4 20+80**

PHY NEC 3O4T Hydrogen Energy 4 4 3 20+80+*

PRACTICI I ,S

05 PHY 305 P Ivlodern Physics Lab - I (Common to al1) 6 4 3 100

Elechonics Communication Lab 4 100

PHY 306 P/EC -I 6 3
06
PHY 306 PA\ICE
Non Conventional Energy Physics Lab-I 6
4 3 100
lnter disciplinar.y Paper
ID/P 307 T (students opt a paper offered by other
a7 4
Depaftment) 4 3 20+80**

08 PHY 53 Seminar 2 I 25

Total: 34 29 725

**out of 100 Marks for each theory paper 20

Mnrks are allotted for internals and 80 for Uniyersity exam. There
sh'll be no internal assessment examinations for practicals, Practical Examinations will be conducted
at the end of
each semester.

Pattern of C)uestion Paner: The question paper consists of hvo parts, each covering
all the four units.
Pall-A consists ofFouR short answer questions, ca yirtg 5 marks each. The student has
to answer all the questions. pa,1
B consists of FoLlR essay type questions with an internal choice. Each question can-ies
15 marks. The stud"nt has toon"*".
questions.
all the ; '

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY-NALCONDA
M' Sc' -Physics course under CBCS (for the tratch admitte.t in
the academic year 2021-2022 0D rvards)
Scheme oflnstruction and Examination {
,

Semester IV
Subj ect Instruction Duration Of
Sl. No Sub, Code exam. Max.
Hrs/Week Credits
(Hours ) Marks

, ]EEABI
0l PHY 40 1T Modern Optics & Spectroscopy
I 4 4 3 20+36'r*
Physics ofPhonons & Nanomaterials 4
02 PHY 4O2T 4 3 20+36*x

Specifll naoer-[
03 PHY EC 4O3T Optical Fiber Communication
4 4 3 20+66**
PHY NEC 403T Solar Thermal Energy
4 4 3 20+80* x
Snecial paper_II

PHY EC 4O4T Satellite & Mobile Communications.

0,1 4 4 20+80**
PHY NEC 4O4T Energy Conversion Systems
4 4 3 20+80**
PRACTICALS

05 PHY 405 P Modern Physics Lab-II (Common to all)

6 4 3 100

06
PHY 406 P/EC
Electronics Communication Lab _ II 6 4 3: 100

PHY 406 P/I{CE Non Conventional Energy physics Lab-tr

lnler disciplinary p;p;-- : ! 3 i00

07 tD/P 40't T fsludeDts opt a paper of{ered by other
Department) 4 4 20+80**,

08 PHY 54 Seminar 2 I 25

Tol0l: 34 29 725
^-*out of 100 Nlarks for each theorf, paper 20
Marks are allotted for intertrals and g0 for university
shall be no internal assessment examilations for practicals. practical exam. There
- Examitrationa ,ri[ tu aorar"t"d at the end of
each sem€ster.

.- pattern of Ouestion paner:

The question paper consists of two parts, each co!
ering all the four utrits.
Part A consists ofFouR shot answer questions,
carying 5 marks each. The student has to answer
B consists of FoLfR essay type questions with an all the questions. paft-.
internal choice. Each question can i", r s *".tr.
ali the questions. i-t rtrdent has toanswer
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DEPARTMENT OFPITYSICS
M{TIATMA GANDIII T]NIVERSITY-NALGONIDA
M.Sc.(Physics) III - Semester Syllabus (CBCS)

Paper -I
NUCLEARPITYSICS I
(Common for all Specializatio ns)

PHY 3O1T
Unit I:Nuclear Force and Nuclear Models
systematics of nuclear force-strength, range, charge independence; Deuteron problem and its
contribution to the definition of the Nuclear force. Exchange force theories- Majoranna, Bartlett,
Heisenberg and Yukawa.The liquid drop model, the semi empirical mass formula and its
applications. The Shell model, slales based on square well potential and harmonic oscillator
potential. Predictions-spins and parities of nuclear ground states, magnetic moments, electric
quadrupole moments.

Unit ll:Nuclear Decay Processes

o-decay, Gamow's theory, fine structure of o-spectrum, alpha decay, systematics, neutrino of
hypothesis, Fermi's theory of F-decay, Fermi-Kurie plot, angular momentum, selection rules for
B-
decay, -decay, Multipole radiation, selection rules.

Unit lll:Nuclear Radiation Detection:

Interaction of charged particles with matter, Bohr's theory, Bethe's formula. Range-energy relation.
Stopping power. Measurements of range and stopping power. lnteraction of gamma rays wilh
matter- Photoelectric effect, compton Effect and pair production. Gamma ray detection using gas,
scintillation and solid state detectors.
Unit lV: Nuclear Reactions & Particle Physics
Classification of nuclear reactions, Kinematics and Q-value of reactions. Basic theory of direct
nuclear reactions-Born approximation, stripping and pick-up reactions, characteristics, cross-
sections, examples and applications. compound nucleus formafion. Theory of Fission and fusion
reactions. Nuclear structure rnformation from nuclear reactions. Elementary particles Classification
and their Quantum Numbers (charge, spin, lsospinetc). Fundamental Forces, conservation of
Parity, Strangeness and Lepton and Baryon numbers, euark model.

Recommended Books:
1. Concepts of Nuclear Physics; B.L.Cohen (TMH)
2. lntroduclory Nuclear Physics: Kenneth S.Krane (Wiley )
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:Blin-Stoyle (Chapman and Hall)
4. Nuclear Physics;1. Kaplan (Narosa 2002)
5. lntroductory Nuclear Physics: W.Wong
6. lntroductory Nuclear Physics: S.B.Patel
7. N uclear Physics: Tayal

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 DEPARTMENT OF PTTYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI I]NIYERSITY.NALGONDA
M.Sc.(Physics) III - Semester Syllabus

Paper - II
ANVANCED QUANTI]M MECHANICS
(Common for all Specializations) I .,

PfIY 3()2T
UNIT - I (13 hrs) Scattering Theory:
Kinematics of Scattering Process: differential and total cross-section -Asymptotic from
of scattering
wave function. Relation between scattering cross section and scattering amplitude.
Greens method-
Scattering amplitude in lerms of Green's method. Born approximaiion method-validity
condition-
screened couromb potential and square well potential as examples - partial
wave analysis and
phase shift-optical Theorem- Relationship between phase shiit and potential.
Scattering by Hard
sphere and square well potential.
UNIT - ll (13 hrs) Time lndependent perturbation Theory
Approximation Methods. Non-degenerate case, Firsland second- order cases
- Examples of
harmonic and an-harmonic Oscillators. Degenerate case- Stark effect for
H-atom for n=2 level.
variation 1\,4ethod - Helium atom ground state. wKB approximaiion method - connection
formulae _
application to Alpha Decay.
UNIT - lll (13 hrs) Time Dependent perturbation Theory
Time development of state, variation of constants (coefficients), Transition probability-
Selection rules
ior transjtion. Constant perturbation. Transition probabilily to closely spaced leaves-
Fermi,s golden
rule. Harmonic perturbation- Transition probability rate. lnteraction of an atom
with electromagnet,c
radiation. Electrlc dipole approximation. The Einstein Coefficients.
UNIT - lV (13 hrs) Relativistic euantum Mechanics
KIien Gordon equation. Dirac equation. Position probability density. Dirac matrices
and their
properties. Plane wave solutions of the Dirac equation. Energy
spectrum-significance of negative
energy states-spin angular momentum of the dirac particle. Dirac particle in
a magnetic field-spin
magnetic moment. Dirac equation in covariant form. Gamma matrices.
Reference Books:
1 . Quantum Mechanics by Ll Schiff

2. A Text book Quantum Mechanics by pM lvlathews and K Venkateshan (TMH)

3. Quantum l\,4echanics by Ghatak and Lokanathan (Macmillian)
4. Quantum Mechanics by E Merzbacher (John Wiley)
5. Quantum Mechanics by Aruldhas (New Age International
6. Modern Quantum Mechanics by Sakurai (Addison Wesley)

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAILA.T}IA GANDIII UNI\'ERSITY.NALGONIDA
M.Sc.(Physics) III _ Semester Syllabus as per CBCS
Paper - III
MICROWAWS & ANTENNA SYSTEMS
(ElectronicCommunicationSpecializations)
|
PHY 3O3iEC T
Unit- I lntroduction to Microwaves & Microwave transmission lines
Microwave characteristics-microwave bands, Transmission Iines equations and solutions. Reflection
coefficient and Transmission coefficient. Standing wave and Standing wave ratio. Line impedance
and Admittance. lmpedance matching. l\,4icrowave Coaxjal Connectors.

Unit- ll Microwave Waveguides

lntroductjon to microwave wave guides, Maxwell equations in time domain, Rectangular
waveguide,
solutions of wave equarions in Rectangular coordinates, TE and rM Mooei ln
rectangurar
waveguides. Power Transmission and power losses in rectangutar waveguide.
circular
waveg uides. solutions of wave equations in cylindrical coordinates TE, T[,{
and rEM modes in
circu lar waveguides. Field patterns.

Unit- lll Microwave Components & Microwave Sources

l\licrowave components: Microwave hybrid circuits, scattering(s) parameters or Matrix _s Matrix
formulation. waveguide Tees E -plane, H plane and l\/agic Tees. Hybrid Rings,
- - Directional
couplers, Faraday rotation and its applications, Gyraior, Microwave circulators uid Mi"ro*"ru
lsolators. Microwave sources: Krystron, Reentrant cavities, verocity moduration,
Bunching process.
Power output and Beam loading, Efficiency of Klystron. Reflex Klystron, velocity
modulatLn, power
output and Efficiency.

Unit- lV Antennas & Wave propagation& Internet Technologies

Antenna fundamentals, Magnetic and Electric fields. Antenna operation, polarization,
Antenna
reciprocity. Basic antenna, Dipole antenna, radiation resistance, Dipole length,
antenna e and band
width, Radiation pattern and Directivity, Antenna gain.v.H.F Antennas: Reflector (corner)
Antennas,
loop antenna.Microwave Antennas: paraboric refrector antenna, gain, beam
width, feed methods,
Horn antenna. lnlernet applications and How the lnternet works.

Recommended Text Books:

i. Microwave Device and Circuits - Samuel y.Liao _ pHI
2. Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering _ R.E.Colljn
3. Antennas - J.D Kraus
4 Principles of Erectronic communication systems
- Louis E Frenzer (3d Ed.) TMH
Reference Books
1. Microwave lntegrated Circuits - K.C.Guptha
2. Electronic Communication * Dennis Rody and John Collins
3. Electronic Communication Systems _ Kennedy and Devins
4. Antenna Theory-K D prasad.

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 DEPARTMENT OFPITYSICS
MATIATNIA GANDHI LINI\'ERSITY-NALGONDA
M.Sc.(Physics) III - Semester Syllabus as per CBCS
Paper - IY
ANALOG & DIGITAL TRANSNIISSION TECHNIQUES AND INFORMATION THEORY
(Electronic Communication Specializations)
PHY 30.1,{EC T
Unit-l: Analog signal Transmission
t,
Need for modulation, Amplitude modulation (Alvl), Frequency spectrum for sinusoldal AM. power
calculation of AlM, Amplitude Modulation systems (Linear and Non-Linear)-suppressed carrier
Systems (DSB-SC), Single-Side band Modulation Systems (SSB). Detection of AM signals.
Frequency lvlodulation (FM), Frequency spectrum for sinusoidal Flvl, Frequency Modulation
lvethods. Detection of FM waves - FM Demodulation with Discriminator. phase Modulation (pN/).
UnitJl: Digital Transmission of Analog Signals
Analog to Digital, sampling theorem, sampling of Band pass signal, The discrete of Fourier
Transform, Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), channet Bandwidth for pAM. Natural sampling, Ftat
- top sampling, Signal recovery through holding. Quantization of signals, Quantization oferror.Pulse
code l\4odulation (Pcl\4), PCM system, companding, Muttiptexing pcM signals. Differential pcM,
Delta modulation.
Unit- lll: Digital Modulation Techniques & information Theory
Binary Modulation Techniques: ASK, PSK, FSK and their Generation and Detection. Differential
Phase shift Keying (DPSK) Information Theory: Discrete messages, Average information, Entropy,
Information ra1e, Shannon's theorem, Channel Capacity, Capacity of Gaussian- channel. Band
width - S/N trade off. Use of orthogonal signals lo attain Shannon's limit. Efficiency of Orthogonal
signal transmission.
Unit- lV: Coding
Need for coding, Parity check bit coding for Error detection, coding for error detection and
correction, Block codes, coding and Decoding for block codes, Decoding the Received codeword,
single Parily-check Bit code, Repeated codes, Hadamard code, Hamming code. Algebraic codes,
Burst-error correction.convolution coding and Decoding, Error in convolution codes, Automatic
Repeat Request (ARQ).

Recommended Text Books:

1. Electronic Communication system - G.Kennedy
2. Principles of Communication Systems-H-Taub and D.L.Schilling (2"d Edition) TMH
3. An Introduclion to Analoh and Digital Communications- Simon Haykin. 2,dEd.Wiely
4. Wireless Digital Communication-KamiloFeher
Reference Books

[. Communication Systems Analog and Digital- R.p.Singh and S.D.Spare, TMH, 2004
2. Digilal and Analog Communication Systems - K.SamShanmugam, John Wiely, 2005
3. Communication Systems - B.P.Lathi, BS Publications 2006
4. Principles of communication systems - H-Taub and D.L.schilling and coutamsahe,
3,dEd.TMH
5. Digital Communications -.john Proakis, TMH, 1983

22

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M.Sc.(Physics) IiI - Semester Syllabus (CBCS)
Paper - III
PHOTO VOLTAICS
(NCEP Specialization)

PHY 3()J/\C E

uNtT-r ENERGy RESOURCES - TNTERACTTON OF LtcHT W|TH SEMTCONDUCTOR (15H)

Energy Resources -classifications of Energy Resources; Non-conventional Energy Resources
(NCRE)- needs of RE source, advantages and limitations of RE source, Energy from sun, solar
spectral distribution-Solar constant, solar insolation, Direct-Diffuse-Total Solar Radiations. Solar
intensity at earth's surface and outside earth's surface. Solar intensity measurements
- pyranometer
and Pyrheliometer.
lnteraction of light with semiconductor, Direcl & Indirect band gap semiconductor, Recombination
processes -Radioactive recombination- Auger recombination-Recombination through traps,
Basic
equations of semiconductor Device physics -poisson's equation- current density equations.
uNtT- il JUNCTTON DTODES AND SOLAR CELL PARAMETERS (15H)
Introduction to p-n junction, Energy band diagram of p-n junction & potential -Carrier concentration
profile, Djffusive flow in Quasi-neutral regions, Dark characteristics -Minority carriers in quasi
neutral
regions, p-n junction under Illumination-Characteristics.
Principle of Solar cell (PV-Cell)- Formation of PV-Cell- types of PV cells, limitations of pVS photo-
Voltaic systems (PVS) ;l-V equation of Solar cell, Solar cell output parameters and their equations,
EIfect of finite cell dimensions on lo, Effect of temperature on solar cell performance, Efflciency
losses -Short circuit currenl losses, Open circuit voltage losses, Fill factor losses.
UNIT. III DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SOLAR CELLS (15H)
Purification of SiO2 from Metallurgical grade to semiconductor grade- crystal growth of solar grade
silicon (Anrorphous, crystalline, Polycrystalline). preparation of wafers from si crystal, preparation
of homo junction si solar cells, construction of solar cell- pv l\/lodule-pv panel-pv Array.
Thin film solar cells,, Solar cell inlerconnection, Junction depth, Lateral resistance of top layer, doping
of the substrale, back surface fields, Top layer limitations (Dead layers, high doping effects), Top
contact design, optical design (Anti reflection coating, Texture surfaces & grid structure),
uNrT- rv BATTERTES (1sH)
Introduction to Batteries-Basic components of a Battery-Classification of Batteries- Cell to Battery,
Definitions of fundamental quantities of batteries, factor affecting on battery performance, Different
types of battery arrangement, Electrochemical balteries, large capacity approaches, power
conditioning equipment -DC to AC lnverter- AC to DC Converter, difference b/w conventional cell (or)
battery and Fuel cell.
Batteries for PV systems: Lead acid batteries, Nickel cadmium (Ni-cd) Batteries, Advantages of
batteries for bulk energy storage, comparison of batteries, solar pv systems- Design of pv _ powered
DC fan without battery and Design of PV powered DC pump.

References:
1. solar cells-operating Principles^Technology and system application by Martin A.
Green (pHl)
2. Energy Technology: S.Rao & B.B.parulekar (Khanna publications)
3. Solar Photovoltaics: Chetan Singh Solanki (pHl).
4. Non-Conventional Energy Resources:D.S. Chauhan. S.K. Srivastava (New AGE)
5. Photovoltaic systems-Analysis & Design: A.K. Mukerjee,Thakur.

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M.Sc.(physics) III _ Semesrer Syllabus (CBCS)
Paper - IV
ITYDROGENENERGY
(NCEP Specialization)
t
PHY JO4/I\ C E T

Unit- l: Fundamentals of Hydrogen (15H)

lntroduction- Need for hydrogen energy: Grobar energy picture, present
hydrogen, prospects. prognosis ano fuiL,r," for hydrogei'energy,
and projected uses for
chaflenges. pnvsiJal-biope,ties
-ilrOrog"n
or
hydrogen-State and Phase diagrams. Tripte point inO
ioxicity. Chem'lcal propertiel.
content, Energy content, Energy density, itammabiliiy, tgniti;; 'En;rS,
Art"'iffi;"trplrrrrr",
Octane number, Burning speed, euenching gap, f tam6'cnir;cteristics"' - -- s ' -" lvii'Irl
Unit- ll: Production of Hydrogen (1SH)
Ivlethods of production of Hydrogen - production from
fossir Sources(steam reforming, partiar
oxidation, auto thermar reforming), by .
Erectrorysis,. Arkarine
electrolyte membrane(pEM) erectrorysis photo erectrorysis, photo-biorogicar erectrorysis, porymer
.production
production,
thermo chemicar water spritting,^ Artificiar photosyntresis, Hyaroge. "ri". Hydrogen
Biomass, from Coal gasification). Chemical byprodults ofluel
b"rri-"n"rlv tro,
reaction.
Unit lll: Hydrogen Storage and Transportation (15H)
Hydrogen srorage methods, Liqu.id hydrogen storage, Metar
(Physisorption and chemisorptions), ciemicar "ano iel"teo
hydrides, Gas on sorids_ adsorption
storage, Hydrogen storage in
nanostructure carbons, Challenges of hydrogen storage.
Hydrogen transportaiion (road, train -pipe
.ind tinei Hydrogen reakage, methods to detect the
leakage, utirization of Hydrogen gas, Hydrogen ," J rri in 'r,"ut engine: stationary and powering
vehicles in road transport and aviation indust[r.
Unit- lV: Fuel Cetls (15H)
lntroduction, Basic Principle of fuel cells. Fuels, oxidants
classification of fuel cells, Acidic - and electrolyte materials for fuel cells,
tuet cetts, Rtt utinu Electrolyte fuel cells. molten
carbonate fuer ceils (rvrcFc), sorid,Electrolyte
oxide Fuer cerrs lborcj,- rv"1nr^J"rrlii"ir"'r"u?i-cerr
p"lig+1? ion exchange membrane(pEMFC), phosphoric acid witn
cell(ZAFC), Regenerative fuer ceI(RFC), Reversiute tueLiett,
fuel irur
internar current""rrtpniCl,Znt-ni,.
rosses, ohmic
mass transporuconcentration losses. comparison of batteries
vs rret ceits,qJrr.t"g".,
'iirit"ti"r.
rosses,
and applications of fuel cells.
Reference:

l. Non Conventional Energy Resources_S. Hasan saeed, D.K.

Sharma.
2. Non Conventional Energy Resources _D.S. Chauhan,
S.K.Srivastava.
3. Energy Technology- S.Rao and Dr. B. B. parulekar .
4. Non Conventional Energy Sources_ G.D .Rai
i. Vladimir Molkov, Fundamentals of Hydrogen safety
engineering _ |
6. Vladim jr Motkov, Fundamentals of Hydrolen safe(, eriginl;ring _ tt

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24
 DEPARTMENT OF PIIYSICS
MAHATMA GAIIDHI T]I{I\'ERSITY-NALGONDA
M.Sc @ITYSICS) COIIRSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS FOR SEM _ III
PHY-305 P
MODERN PITYSICS PRACTICALS I.
(coMMoN TO ALL SPECIALIZATTOTg

MODERN PITYSICS LAB.I

l. Hall Effect

2. Energy gap of a semiconductor

3. B-H curve

4. Dielectric Constant
5. Determination of Characteristics of GM Detector

6. Verification of lnverse square law

7. Estimation of efficiency of GM Detector
8. lllustration of distribution counts

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25
r

DEPARTMENT OFPITYSICS
MAHATMA GANDIII UNI\'ERSITY.NAIGONDA
M.Sc (PHYSICS) COURSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS FOR SEM_m

ELECTRONIC COMMI]NICATION LAB-I

PHY.3O6IEC P I

Modulation & Demodulation Techniques

1. Amplitude tvlodutation & Demodulation.

2. Frequency l\,4odulation & Demodulation.

3. Pulse Code Modulation & Demodulation.
4. Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation.
5. Pulse Width l\4odulalion & Demodulation.
6. Pulse position Modulation & Demodulation.
7. Delta Modulation & Demodulation.
8- FSK Modulation & Demodulation.

9. PSK Modulation & Demodulation.

10. Analog and Digital Time Division Multiplexing and Demultiplexing.

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26
 DEPARTNIENT OF PITYSICS
MATLATMA GANDHI IJNI\'ERSITY-NAI,GONDA
M.Sc (PHYSICS) COLIRSE PRA.CTICAI- SYLLABUS FOR SEM - III
t
PHY.3O6/ NCR, P

NON-CONWNTIONAL ENERGY PHYSICS LAB.I

1. Power variation of PV modulus in Series and Parallel connection.

2. Power vs Load characteristics of SPV system

3. Variation of power output with intensity of solar radiation and load.

4. Study of Variation of power outpul from solar cell with different angles.

5. Determinatlon of efficiency of SPV water pump.

6. Photovoltaic cell output characteristics.

7. Determine the normalized open circuit Voltage and Fill factor

8. Study of Variation of efficiency of thin film solar cell and crystalline solar cell.
9. Power varlation of solar cell with wattage and energy.

10. Measurement of load and power factor for the electrical utilities

11. Experlments based on energy conversion and their utilization in electrical and
mechanicalsystems.

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27
 DEPARTMENT OFPITYSICS
MAILA.TMA GANDHI INIVERSITY-NALGONIDA
M.Sc.(Physics) IV SemesterSyllabus(CBCS)
Paper -I
MODERN OPTICS & SPECTROSCOPY
(Common for all Specialization) I
,
PHY 401 T
Unit-l Principles of Lasers & Laser Systems
Emission and absorption of Radiation -Einstein Relalions, pumping Mechanisms
- - Optical feedback
Laser Rate equations for two, three and four level lasers, pumping threshold conditions, Laser
modes of rectangular cavity -Properties of Laser beams.
clas^sifrcalion of laser systems -Gas and solid Lasers-Gas lasers and Energy level schemes: He-
Ne,Co2. Solid State lasers: Ruby, Neodymium-yAc ,asers
Unit- ll Holography & Non-Linear optics
Basic Principles of Holography- Recording of amplitude and phase- The recording medium-
Reconslruction of original wave front- lmage formation by wdve front reconstruction- Gabor
Hologram- Limitations of Gabor Hologram-Off axis Hologram- Fourier iransform Holograms-Volume
Holograms, Applications of Holograms- Spatial frequency filtering.
Non-Linear. Oplics-Harmonic generalion- Second harmonic generation- Phase matchinq condition-
Optical mixing- Parametric generation of light -Self focusing 6f light.
Unit- lll Atomic Spectra
Different series in alkali spectra (main features), Ritz combination principle, Terms for equivalent &
non-equivalent electron alom, Term values in alkali spectra and quantum defect, L-s and j-j
coupling;Energy levels and spectra; Spectroscopic terms.
Spin-Orbit interaction, doublel structure in alkali spectra, selection rules, intensity rules, alkali-ljke
spectra, Lamb shift,.many electron atoms, isotope shiftj hyperfine splitting of spectial lines, selection
rules. Lande interval rule.
Unit- lV Molecular Spectra
Types of Molecular spectra, Regions of the spectrums, salient features of rolational spectra,
rotational spectra of diatomic molecule as a rigid rotator, Energy levels and spectra of a non-rigid
diatomic molecule, effect of isotopic substitution on rotational spectra, salient features of Vibrationil-
Rotational spectra, vibrating diatomic molecule as a harmonic oscillator and as anharmonic
oscillator. Diatomic molecule as rigid rotator and harmonic oscillator diatomic molecule as a non-rigid
rotator and anharmonic oscillator.

Recommended Books:

1. Opto Electronics- An lntroduction-Wilson & JFB Hawkes 2nd Edition.

2. lntroduction to Fourier optics -J.W. Goodman
3. Lasers and Non-Linear optics -8.B. Laud
4. Optical Electronics -chatakndThygaRajan.
5. Principles of Lasers -O. Svelto
6. Atomic Spectra & Atomic Structure- Gerhard Hertzberg
7. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy - C. N. Banwell and EM Mc Cash
8. Atomic and lvlolecular Spectroscopy- Ra.J Kumar
9. IMolecular Struclure & Spectroscopy- G.Aruldhas
10. Introduction to Atomic Spectra- H.E.white
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28

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 DEPARTMENT OF PIIYSICS
MAHATMA GAI\DHI UNIVERSITY-NAL GOI\IDA
M.Sc.(Physics) IV - Semester Syllabus(CBCS)
Paper - II
PHYSICS OF PHONONS & NANOMATERIALS
(Common for all Specialization) I ,

PHY 402 T
Unit-l: Phonons & Diffusion in solids
Theoretical back ground of lattice vibrations-Phonons and their properties-Crystal momentum-
conservation - Neutron diffraction from phonons-Experimental verlfication of dispersion relation-
Thermal conductivity-Role of phonons in Thermal conductivity-Normal and Umklapp processes-
Pholon- Phonon interaction-To and LO phonons.
Solid slate diffusion, Self-diffusion, diffusion mechanisms, lmpurity diffusion, Fick,s second law,
Diffusion coefficient, experimental determination of diffusion coefficient, various methods. Random
walk diffusion. Diffusion in a simple cubic slructure, Diffusion under external field, NernslEinslein
relation, Kirkendall shift. Ionic conductivity, lonic conductivity of alkali halides and effect of divalent
impurities on ionicconductivity.
Unit- ll: Su perconductivity
Occurrence of supercond uctivity. Experimental observations -persistent currents, effect of magnetic
field, l\/leissner effect, Type I and type Il superconductors. lsotope effect, entropy, heat capacity and
thermal conductivity. Energy gap.

Theoretical explanations:-penetration depth, London equations. cooper pairs and elements of BCS
theory. Giaver tunneling, Josephson effects (Basic ideas only). Elements of high temperature
superconductors (basic concepts).Applications of superconductors.

Unit- lll: Classification & Synthesis of Nanomaterials

lntroduction to Nanomaterials, Role of size in nanomaterials, Classification of Nano structured
materials- 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D. Nanowires, Nanoclusters, Quantum wells
synthesis routes and Methods: Top down, Bottom up. Physical meihods: lnert gas condensation-Arc
discharge-RF Plasma-vapour deposition. Chemical Methods: Chemical nucleation theory for cluster
formation, lvletal nanocrystal by reduction method. Hybrid methods: Sol-gel process

Unit- lV: Characterization Methods

characterization: lntroduction, structure of Nanomaterials-x-Ray Diffraction (xRD)-The powder
method. Electron Microscopy: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM), Transmission Electron lvlicroscope (TEM).

Spectroscopy Techniques: lntroduction, Fourier Transform lnfrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman

Spectroscopy, DSC, UV - VIS speclroscopy.
Reference:
'1. Solid state physics -
G.Burns;
2. Solid Slate physics- Dekker
3. Solid State physics-Wahab.
4. Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-B.S.Murthy, p.shankar, Baldev Raj, BB Rath
andJames I\,4urday, University Press, IllM, Metallurgy and l\4aterial Science.
5. Principles of Nanoscience and rechnology, N/.A.shah, Tokeer Ahmad, Narosa publishing House.
6. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology - Bharath Bhushan
7 Chemlstry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and applications by C.N.R.Rao et al.
8. Nano lVlaterials Handbook- Yury Gogosti

Cf*L'LHAIRi\4AN,
2s

3r.raro o! Stiidies in physic$,

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 DEPARTMENT OF PITYSICS
MATIATMA GANDHI UM\IERSITY-NALGONDA
M.Sc.(physics) IV _ Semester Syllabus as per CBCS
Paper - III {

OPTICAL FTBER COMMTINICATION

(Electronic Communication Specializations)

PHY 403/iEC T
Unit-l: Optical Fiber Preparation &Wave guiding
Fiber Material Preparation Techniques; outside vapor pressure
oxidation, Vapor Axial
Depositron, Modified chemical vapor Deposition, plasma Activated chemical
vapor Deposition.
Fiber drawing processes-Double crucibre lvlethod. cable Designing, Splices
& connectors.
wave guiding: Electromagnetic Mode Theory for opticar Fropagation, Mode theory
of circurar
waveguides, Slngle mode fibers, Graded index fiber wKB approximations for
- estimating number of
modes.

Unit-ll: Transmission Characteristics

signal Degradation (Fiber Losses): Attenuation, Absorption, lntrinsic Absorption, Extrinsic
Absorption, Leaky Modes, Rayreigh scattering losses, Macro and Micro Bending
losses, Radiation
Losses, core and craddrng Losses, signar distortion in oplicar waveguides ( purse
broadening).
overview of Dispersion origins: rntermodar and rntermodar (chromatic) Dispersion,
Material
Dispersion, Waveguide Dispersion, Polarization-mode Dispersion, Electrical Vs
Optical Bandwidth.
Unit- lll: Optical sources and detectors
optical Sources: Basic semiconductor properties, Light source materiars, internar quantum
efficiency, modulation capabirity, transient response, poiwer bandwidth pr"o..i.t, ivp".
planar LED, Dome LED, Surface imitter ' 1r rigi,t
_Diode (LED) structures:
Emitting
LE'D ,nJ rogu
EmitterLED.
optical Detectors: Characteristics of Photo detectors, Photo emissive Diode, photoconductive
Diodeand Photo Voltaic Diode, lnjection laser diodes, plrv photo detectors,
Avalanche Fhotooioo".
(APD), Photo Transistor.

Unit- lV: Communication systems

Review of Multiplexing techniques: optical rime Division lvlultiplexing (orDM), subcarrier.
It4ultiplexing & orthogonar frequenting murtiprexing. waverength Divisio;
Murtiprexing (wDM).
Coarse wavelength division multiplexing, dense wavelength division multiplexing.
Coher;nt optical
fiber detection system, coherenr detection principre, coherent system performapce.
comparison-of
direct and coherent detection performance. practicar coherent system constraints.

Reference:
I. Optical Fiber Communication - Gerad Keiser 3d Ed.MGH2000
2. Optical Fiber Communication
- John M Senior, 2"d Ed.pHl,1999
3. Optical Fiber Communication - SC Guptha, pHl
4. Optical Fibers -
T.Gowar
5. Optical Fiber Communication - Joseph C Palais PEA 4ih Ed. 2nd lndian Reprint 2002
6. Optical Fiber Communication princlples
T.Srinivas,TMH,2002
-
and systems A,SalvarajanS. Kar and

7. lntroduction to Fiber oplics- A. Ghatak and ryagarajan(cambridge

Universitypress)

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30
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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAIIATMA GAIIDHI T]}I\iERSITY-NAIGONIDA
M.Sc.(Physics) IV Semester Syllabus as per CBCS
Paper - IV
SATELLITE & MOBILE COMMTINICATION
(ElectronicCommunicationSpecializations) l.

PHY 404/'EC T
Unit-l: Satellite Communication-l
Satellite orbit and Positioning, Satellite speed, height, Period, Angle of inclination. Geosynchronous
orbits. Position co ordinates, Azimuth and elevation. Satellite Communication systems
-
Repeaters
and Salellite transponders, Frequency allocations for transponder channels. S;tellite sub systems,
Transponder configurations, Multi channel Architecture, Satellite orbit control. power subsystems,
Telemetry, Command and Control sub systems.
Unit- ll: Satellite Communicationll
'Ground stations, Antenna sub systems, Receiver sub systems, Transmitter sub systems. power sub
systems, Telemeiry and control Sub syslems. International and Regional Sitellites, Domestic
satellites.
Satellite Applications: Communication satellites, Surveillance satellites, Navigation satellites. Global
Posltloning systems (GPS) - Space segment, control segment, Atomic clocki. Gps receivers, GpS
applications.

Unit- Ill: Mobile - Cellular Communications

Introduction to cellular Mobile system: significance of cellular mobile systems, Frequency specirum
allocation. Trunking efficiency. A basic cellular system. Performance criteria, opeiation'ol cellular
systems. Hexagonal shaped cells, planning a cellutar system. Elements of cellular system design,
Frequency Re-use, Co channel interference reduction factor, Hand off mechanism, Celi splitting. The
concept of spread spectrumi Frequency hopping spread spectrum, direct sequence Jpread
spectrum.
Unit- lV: Analog and Digital Cellular Systems
Definitions of terms and functions. lntroduction to digital technology. Advantages of digital systems.
Digital speech. Digital Mobile Telephony, I\,4ultiple access schemes, Time Division Mu-ltiple Access
(TDl\4A), code Division Multipte Access (cDMA).Frequency Division Multiple Access
1FDMA1, clobal
System for lMobile (GSN/), Architecture, Layer modeling (OSl Model).
Reference:

1. Principles of Electronic Communication Systems- Louis E Frenzel, 3d Ed.MGH

2. composite satellite and cable televjsion - R.R.Gulati, Revised 2nd Ed.NewAge International
3. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications - William Cy Lee, 2"d Ed. NlcH
4. lvlobile Communications - Jochan. H.schiller
5. Wireless Digital Communications * Kamilo Feher
6. Communications - Dennis Roddy & John Coolen, pHl, 2000.
7. Principles of Communjcation system - H.Taub & D. L.Schilling,2"d Ed,TMH 1999
8. Electronic Communication Systems- George Kennedy, TMH
9. cellular and Mobile communications- v.Jeyasri, Arokiamary,1"t Ed.Technical pub.2009

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M.Sc.(Physics) IV - "...,^
Semester Syllabus (CBCS)
- IU
Paper
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
(NCEP Specialization) I ,,

PHY 403,{{CE T
Unit-l. Heat transfer systems (15H)
Modes of heat transfer, conduction mode of heat transfer- Fourier's Law of Heat conduction, .l-D
heat conduction through plane wall -composite walls-hallow cylinders-pipes. Thermal conduction&
resistance - Analogy between heat and electricity flow, the energy bajance.
Convection mode heat transfer: lVlechanism of natural and forced convection, dimensionless
numbers and their physical significance, Radiation heat transfer: blackbody- exchange, sky
Radiation, Combined heat transfer systems; Convection and Radialion in parallel, Conveciion and
Conduction in series, overall heat transfer coefficient.

Unit- ll. Liquid FIat Plate Collector and Solar Concentrators (15H)
Liquid flat plate collector (LPC), materials for flat plate collector, Absorber plate, efficiency of flat
plate collector, improving efficiency of flat plate collector, Overall heat loss coefficient of LpC heat
,
loss from the top of collector plate, selective surfaces of flat plate collector, Flat plate air heating
collectors; Classifications of air heating collectors, testing of solar collector.
Classification of solar concentrators, Parameters characterizing concentrators, Thermodynamic
limits to concentration, performance analysis of cylindrical parabolic collectors, compound parabolic
collectors, materials for solar concentrators.

Unit- Ill. Solar Refrigeration - Air Conditioning and Solar Energy Storage (15H)
solar refrigeration - air conditioning, carnot Refrigeration cycle, Absorption cooling: principle of
absorption cooling, basics of absorption cooling, Lithium Bromide - water absorption iystem, Aqua-
Ammonia absorption system, Intermittent absorption refrigeration system, vapors compression
refrigeration.
Need of thermal energy storage, sjze and duration of storage, thermal energy storage: operating
modes, single lank storage system, sensible heat storage, storage in phase change materials, ,,
storage in
reversible chemical reactions.

Unit- lV Applications of Solar Energy (15H)

solar water heating - bullt in storage type of solar water heater, Types of solar cookers: Direct
(focusing) type, lndirect (box type), advanced type. solar desalination, simple solar still: basics of
Solar Still, Wick type solar still. Solar energy for industrial use.
Solar drying-basics of solar drying{ypes of solar dryers: Natural convection type, mixed mode type.
solar Furnaces- classifications of solar Furnaces, components for solar furnaces, typical solar
furnaces design and applications.
Reference:
1. Solar Energy: H P Garg and J Prakash (TMH)
2. Solar Energy: S P Sukhatme (TMH)
3. Solar Energy: G N Tiwari (Narosa)
4. Heat Transfer by J P Holman, Mccraw Hill.
5. Heat Transfer: Principles and Apptications by Dutta, Binay K, pHl publicafion.

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
MAHATMA GANDHI LINI\BRSITY-NALGONIDA
IvI.Sc.(Physics) iV _ Semester Syllabus (CBCS)

ENERGY.Jfiqffi.Ilo*SYS.IEMS I
lNCEP S p ec ia liza r io n.1

PHY 404/NCE T

Unitl: Wind energy - Wind turbine-Wind Turbine plants (15H)

lntroduction to wind energy, origin of wind, Nature of wind , mean wind verocity, power in
a wind
stream, power of a wind lurbine for given incoming wind velocity, wind turbine eiiicien"y,
forces on
blades of a propeller, Wind form site seleciion.
Types of wind turbine, Construction and working of Horizontal axis wind turbine generator
unit
(mono, twin, three brades), yaw contror, pitch control, Tethering effect, Blade
oeiign: Consiru"tion
and working of vertical axis wind turbine generator unit (DarrieuJRotor, i-l rotor), aia;"
- d;;ig".
Grid conneclion, Energy storage requirements with wind energy systems, wind turbine qenerator
with battery storage facility, wind turbine generator with diesei generator, wind turOine
with solar cell ,wind hybrid. Applications of wind energy, merits and limitations ot wina
ienerator
energ'y.
Unit- ll: Geothermal energy (15H)
lntroduclion, Nature of geothermal fields, origin of geothermal resources, Non-uniform geothermal
gradrents ,Geothermal energy resources-Hydrothermal (convective) resources
dominated systems), Geo pressured resources, Hot Dry Rock(HDRj resources
tuapor"anJ riquio
1'peiro g;oir,ermar
systems), I\,4olten rock-chamber syslems, comparison of flashed sieam and toiat
tio*-c*cept,
-- ,
Advantages and Disadvantages of geothermal energy, Applications of geothermal
Unit- lll: Ocean Energy (15H) "n"rgy
lntroduction, ocean Thermal Electric. conversion (orEC), methods of orEC power generation,
open cycre orEC systems, crosed of Anderson orEC cycre, hybrid cycre, energy irom
tloes, oasic
principle of.Tidal power, Components of tidal power plants, operation -meihods
6i utilization of tidal
energy, estimation of energy and power in simple single basic tidal systems & double
ocean waves, Advanrages and disadvantages of wave energy. Eneigy & p";;;
.v"t" rv"t"r.
energy conversion devices.
i;;;;;u-"ll
*ur"
Unit- lV: Bio Energy (15H)
mass resources-Avairabirity Biomass, Materjars for biogases, Biomass conversion process:
_Bio .of
Thermochemical conversion: Direct combustion, Incineratioi, pyrolysis. si"rogic;i coriversion,
chemical conversion. Production of bio gas.
Types of Biogas prants- Movabre Drum type prant, Fixed Dome type prant,
comparison between
l\4ovable Drum type and Fixed Dome type prants Biogas prants in tnoia-
Deenabandhu Biogas
plant, cayatri moder prant, Manipar. moder, sphericar BiogJs prant,
Mud jar Biogas ptant. Meirroas ror
obtaining energy from biomass, fuel properties of biogasl utilization of biogas. "
Reference:
1. Energy Technology: S. Rao and Dr. B. B. parulakar
2. Non conventional Energy Sources: G.D.Rao
3. Non conventional Energy Resources: S.Hasan saeed, D.K.Sharma

0\*-J--
33
 DEPARTMENT OF PIIYSICS
IIf TLA.TMA GANDHI T]NI\'ERSITY-NAIGONDA
M.Sc @HYSICS) COIJRSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS FOR SEM -w
PHY 405 P
I.,
NIODERN PHYSICS PRACTICALS
(COM}ION TO ALL SPECLALIZATION)

MODERN PHYSICS LAB .II

1. Conductivity - four probe method
2. Solar cell characteristics
3. Ultrasonic experiment (Diffraction method)
4. Zeeman effect
5. Absorption of beta rays in Al, Cu & pb
6. Absorption of gamma rays in Al, Cu & pb
7. Determination of range and maximum energy of beta particles
8. Delermination of long life of radioactive substance (KCl)

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34
 DEPARTMENT OF PIIYSICS
MAILATMA GANDHI UNI\IERSITY-NALGONIDA
M.Sc (PHYSICS) COURSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS FOR SpM _w

ELECTROMC COMMT,]NICATION LAB-II

PHY 1O6IEC P

Microwave Techniques

1. VSWR Measuremenls, Insertion loss or Attenuation.

2. lmpedance and Frequency lvleasurement.

3. Reflectivecoefficient
4. Determination of Standing Wave ratio (Low, High)
5. Reflex Klystron characteristics.
6. Atlenuation Measurements.
7. Waveguide Parameters measurements.

Optical Fiber Communication

I . Measurement of Numerical Aperture.

2. Study the characleristics of optical source (LED) and photo Detector.

3. Study of characteristics of LASER Source.
4. Setting up of Fiber Optic Analog Link and Digital link.
5. l\4easurement of propagation loss. Bending loss and Connector loss.
6. Measurement of length of the cable.
7. Sludy the effect to lateral, Longitudinal and Angular Displacement.

35
 DEPARTMENT OF PITYSICS
MAHATI\trA, GANDHI TINI\,T,RSITY-NAIGONIDA
M.Sc (PHYSICS) COURSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS FOR SEM_W

PHY 406/NCE P t

NON,CON\'ENTIONAL ENERGY PHYSICS LAB-II

Characteristics of wind power and annual energy estimation from wind data.

Study of Solar energy trainer -Applications.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell characteristjcs & production of hydrogen
Characteristics of Solar cooker
Study of Solar hot air collector/Solar dryer

Determination of efficiency of SpV water pump.

Determination of efficiency of DC/AC lnvefter.

Study of hot water system

study of storage battery- charging and Discharging characteristics and maintenance.

Energy audit of the following installations

a. Building Lighting

b. Air Conditioning System

c. Running Vehicles
'1
1 . Study of Solar colleclor - Efficiency
12. Efficiency of DC electric motors in pumping system.

@1,*-^l--

36