RIIWHS202D (SASAF9)

Enter and Work in Confined Spaces

Learner Guide
 Copyright
Text copyright © 2016 by Site Skills Training Pty Ltd
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The sole purpose of this document is for the facilitation of learning and training purposes.

Published in Australia by: Site Skills Training Pty Ltd

Validated by: Training Quality Officer – Quality and Compliance

Version Date Changes Changed by Status

V1.0 21/07/2017 Initial Release

V1.1 4/10/2017 Changes made: Training Approved

Resource
 Inclusion of slide for common
Development
atmospheres tested by electronic and Support
Officer
gas monitors
 Updated information about
methods of maintenance and
testing of gas testing monitors
 Updated information about
timeframe for retention of permit
V2.0 3/12/2018 Revised GM Approved
Trialing Updated Package
V2.1 04/11/2019 Minor amendments Alison Elliott Approved

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 What is a Confined Space?................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.3 Confined Space Hazards ................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.3.1 Unsafe Oxygen Levels ................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.3.2 Fires and Explosions .................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3.3 Atmospheric Hazards ................................................................................................................................. 9
1.1.3.4 The Effect of Irrespirable Atmospheres on the Respiratory System ............................................................... 10

1.2 Work Safely .............................................................................................................. 11

1.2.1 Health and Safety Rules.................................................................................................................................. 12

1.3 Get Your Work Details .............................................................................................. 13

1.3.1 Safe Work Method Statements ........................................................................................................................ 13
1.3.1.1 How to Fill Out a Safe Work Method Statement .......................................................................................... 13
1.3.2 Keeping Everyone Safe- Duty of Care .............................................................................................................. 14
1.3.2.1 Safety Data Sheets .................................................................................................................................. 14

1.4 Work Permits ........................................................................................................... 15

1.4.1 Work Permit Details ....................................................................................................................................... 15

1.5 Confirm the Emergency Response Plan .................................................................... 16

1.5.1 Stand-By Person ............................................................................................................................................ 16

1.6 Isolate the Confined Space....................................................................................... 16

2.1 Select and Inspect Equipment.................................................................................. 17
2.1.1 Personal Danger Tags .................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.2 Guidelines ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.3 Guideline Tallies ............................................................................................................................................ 18
2.1.4 Communication Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 18
2.1.5 Lifting and Lowering Devices ........................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.6 Firefighting Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.7 Personal Protective Equipment ........................................................................................................................ 19
2.1.8 Respiratory Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.9 Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring Equipment ............................................................................................... 20
2.1.10 Rescue Equipment ....................................................................................................................................... 21

2.2 Report Faulty Equipment.......................................................................................... 22

2.3 Environmental Protection Requirements ................................................................. 22
2.4 Gain Access to the Confined Space........................................................................... 23
2.5.1 Dealing with Unsafe Atmospheres ................................................................................................................... 23

2.6 Fit Personal Protective Equipment ........................................................................... 24

2.6.1 Check Atmospheric Test Results before Entering the Space ................................................................................ 24

2.7 Prepare the Confined Space for Entry ...................................................................... 24

2.7.1 Hazard Controls ............................................................................................................................................. 24
2.7.2 Confirming the Confined Space is ready for Entry .............................................................................................. 25
2.7.3 Role of the Standby Person ............................................................................................................................. 25

3.1 Enter the Confined Space ......................................................................................... 25

3.2 Maintain Communication with Stand-By Person ...................................................... 26
3.3 Work in the Confined Space ..................................................................................... 26
3.3.1 Dealing with New Hazards .............................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.2 Emergency Response ..................................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.2.1 Entrapment Procedures ............................................................................................................................ 28

3.4 Exit the Confined Space ........................................................................................... 28

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3.5 Return the Confined Space to Service ...................................................................... 28
3.5.1 Inspecting and Cleaning Up ............................................................................................................................ 29
3.5.2 Maintain Tools and Equipment ........................................................................................................................ 29
3.5.3 Removing Hazard Controls and Securing Access ............................................................................................... 29
3.5.4 Complete Documentation ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.5.4.1 Report Any Issues ................................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix A- Confined Space Entry Permit ..................................................................... 31

Final Assessment Information and Instructions ............................................................ 38
Part 1 - Theory Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 38
Conditions of Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 38
Achieving a Satisfactory Outcome ........................................................................................................................ 38
Part 2 - Practical Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 39
Conditions of Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 39
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements ............................................................................................... 39
Grounds for Stopping the Assessment .................................................................................................................. 39
Achieving a Satisfactory Outcome ........................................................................................................................ 39

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1.1 Introduction
These training materials are based on the National Unit of Competency RIIWHS202D Enter and Work in Confined
Spaces.

1.1.1 Overview
You will learn about:

Planning out confined spaces work.

Confined spaces entry permits.

Choosing and checking safety equipment.

Preparing and working safely in a confined space.

Exiting the confined space and finishing the work.

1.1.2 What is a Confined Space?

The Code of Practice defines a confined space as an enclosed or partially enclosed space that:

Is not designed or intended primarily to be occupied or entered by a

person.

Has a restricted means of entry and exit.

Is, or is designed or intended to be, at normal atmospheric pressure

while any person is in the space.

Presents a risk to health and safety from:

An atmosphere that does not have a safe oxygen level, or

Contaminants, including airborne gases, vapours and dusts, that

may cause injury from fire or explosion, or

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 Harmful concentrations of any airborne contaminants, or

Engulfment.

Confined spaces may include:

Culverts and storm water systems.

Pipes and live or inactive sewer mains.

Shafts, ducts and access chambers.

Pits, trenches and gullies.

Environmental traps and tanks.

Box girders and bridge voids.

Storage tanks, process vessels, boilers, pressure vessels, silos and other
tank-like compartments.

Tank cars.

Shipboard spaces entered through a small hatchway or access point such

as:

Cargo tanks.

Cellular double bottom tank.

Duct keels.

Ballast.

Oil tanks.

Void spaces (not including dry cargo holds).

You can use a chart like the one shown below to work out if the work area is a confined space.

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NOTE: This chart reflects the definition of a confined space as it appears in the Work Health & Safety (WHS) regulations.

1.1.3 Confined Space Hazards

There are a range of hazards that may exist in confined spaces:

Unsafe oxygen levels.

Fires and explosions.

Atmospheric hazards.

The effect of irrespirable atmospheres on the respiratory system.

Other hazards.

You need to be aware of the different hazards that can exists in a confined
space and the effect they can have.

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1.1.3.1 Unsafe Oxygen Levels
Levels of oxygen within a confined space that are too low (below 19.5%) or too high
(above 23.5%) are a major hazard.

The oxygen levels inside a confined space may fall below a safe level for the following
reasons:

The combustion of flammable materials (for example welding or cutting).

Slow bacterial reactions of organic substances (for example sewerage).

Reaction of inorganic substances (for example rust).

Oxygen absorbed by materials (for example grain in silos).

Oxygen displaced by another gas (for example nitrogen used to remove toxic
fumes).

High oxygen consumption rate (for example many people working in a small confined space).

Leakage from oxygen lines, pipes, and fittings can raise the level of the atmosphere causing a fire, explosion or breathing
hazard.

1.1.3.2 Fires and Explosions

‘Hot work’ like welding and thermal or oxygen cutting can create excessive heat, sparks and increase the risk of fires or
explosions.

Fires and explosions can be caused by:

Combustible or flammable dusts can also be found in confined spaces like storage bins or grain silos.

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1.1.3.3 Atmospheric Hazards
Dusts, gases, fumes, mists and vapours are common hazards in workplace air. These can seriously affect the health of
workers.

Hazardous dusts, gases, fumes, mists and vapours can occur in a confined space because of:

The work processes being done (for example spray painting).

Spills or leaks from pipes or machinery.

Disturbance of materials (for example walking through a shallow liquid substance).

The storage or transfer of materials (for example grain).

Gasses in stormwater drains and sewers.

Chemical reactions between substances.

Exhaust gases from pumps or other machinery being drawn into the confined space by ventilation fans.

Some of the hazardous atmospheres that must be tested to ensure safe levels are:

Atmosphere Type Description

Combustible/Flammable Combustible or flammable atmospheres are those that contain enough
Atmospheres flammable gases and oxygen to support a fire or cause an explosion.
Toxic atmospheres are those where any substances are present in high
Toxic Atmospheres
enough concentrations to cause illness, injury or death.
Irritant or corrosive atmospheres are either primary or secondary.
Irritant/Corrosive Primary irritants have limited effects on the entire system or body.
Atmospheres A secondary irritant atmosphere could have systemic effects on
the body.
Asphyxiating atmospheres are where oxygen is below concentration levels
Asphyxiating
capable of supporting life (oxygen levels between 19.5% and 23.5% are
Atmospheres
considered safe).

Residue left in confined spaces such as empty tanks and containers can cause a
build-up of toxic or explosive gasses.

Toxic gasses can quickly overcome and kill an unprotected worker.

Inhaling some chemicals, such as solvents, can damage many parts of the body
including the brain. Welding fumes, smoke and mists from spray painting are
also serious respiratory hazards and workers should be adequately protected
from exposure to any of them.

Confined spaces must be monitored for dangerous gases or unsafe oxygen

levels, which cause irrespirable atmospheres.

Irrespirable atmospheres are atmospheres that are unfit for breathing, or are incapable of supporting life.

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 Types of Irrespirable
Description:
Atmospheres:

Asphyxiating atmospheres have low levels of oxygen. You will not

be able to breath properly in any atmosphere that has less than
19.5% oxygen.
Asphyxiating Atmospheres
Hypoxia is the result of inadequate oxygen. Signs of hypoxia
include rapid breathing, gasping for air, blueness of skin,
confusion, irritability, unconsciousness and death.

Toxic atmospheres can occur due to the release of toxins and

Toxic Atmospheres
poisons in materials that have been burnt in a fire.

Air that is contaminated with smoke or particles is unbreathable.

Air Contaminated with Smoke or Particles can settle in the lungs and will restrict the amount of
Suspended Particles oxygen that can be taken into the body. These particles within the
lungs may then develop into other respiratory problems.

1.1.3.4 The Effect of Irrespirable Atmospheres on the Respiratory

System
The respiratory system is made up of the mouth, nose, windpipe, lungs and
pulmonary blood vessels that surround the lungs. In this body system, oxygen is put
into the blood while carbon dioxide is breathed out. Without the respiratory system
working properly you will die.

Respiration in healthy adults is normally approximately 16-20 breaths per minute.

However, breathing rates can increase significantly when the body is exercising,
stressed, or in poor atmospheres.

The lungs cannot keep breathing in irrespirable atmospheres for long periods
(depending upon the type of atmosphere). Some atmospheres can burn the lungs,
while others can cause problems such as hypoxia (a lack of oxygen), which can be
deadly. It is for these reasons that a breathing apparatus is used when you need to
work in an irrespirable atmosphere.

1.1.3.5 Other Hazards

Some materials stored in or around a confined space like grains, sawdust, or soil can
completely surround and trap (engulf) a person in seconds. If they are not rescued
immediately, they will die within a few minutes.

It is important not to forget about psychological hazards such as stress and

claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces). It can cause a person to panic, make poor
decisions and use up oxygen quicker than somebody who is calm.

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Other common hazards that you may find while working in or around confined spaces include:

Underground services, such as water and waste pipes, electrical cables and gas
pipelines.

Excavations.

Traffic.

Entrapment.

Uncontrolled introduction of substances.

Environmental hazards such as poor lighting or heat and cold temperatures.

Biological hazards such as viruses, bacteria or fungi.

Limited head space or overhangs.

Noise, rotational equipment or vibration.

Sharp edges, protrusions or obstructions.

Equipment or product mass.

Mechanical hazards (for example injury from moving mechanical parts).

Electrical hazards.

Slippery surfaces, spills or leaks.

Manual handling hazards.

Restricted access and egress (entry and exit).

Once a hazard has been identified look for any workplace instructions that describe how to eliminate or control it.

Talk to other workers, your manager, supervisor, team leader or health & safety representative to find out if the hazard
has already been addressed, or what methods are available for you to deal with it.

1.2 Work Safely

You must follow all safety rules and instructions when working in a confined space.
Worksites will have a Confined Space Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS). It is
important that you make yourself aware of what the SWMS for confined spaces is
on your worksite, for both your safety and the safety of your work colleagues.

Safe Work Australia has a Code of Practice for confined spaces, which will provide
you with additional information about working safely in confined spaces.
www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au

If you are not sure about what you should do, ask your boss or supervisor. They will tell you where you can find the
information you need.

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1.2.1 Health and Safety Rules
Every workplace has to follow laws and rules to keep everyone safe. There are 4 main types:

Acts and Legislation These are laws that you have to follow.

Regulations These explain what the law means.

These are instructions on how to follow the law, based on industry

standards. There is a Code of Practice written for working safely in
Codes of Practice
confined spaces that includes information about atmospheric testing
and working with confined space permits.

These tell you what the minimum requirement is for a job, product
Australian Standards or hazard. AS2865 is the Australian Standard for working in
confined spaces.

These requirements are the basis of all policies, procedures and safe work practices within a company and/or workplace.

1.2.2 Technical and Safety Information

Like laws and rules, technical and safety information is an important part of all
procedures and practices for working safely.

Before starting any work in a confined space, you need to make sure you have all
technical and safety information for the job. This will help you to do your work in
the safest way.

Technical and Safety Information: Description:

The information and safety requirements of the workplace

Site Details environment (where you will be working) including isolation
of services.

Any hazards in the work area or related to the confined

Hazard Details space. This could also include instructions on how to
handle dangerous or hazardous materials.

Instructions of what the work is or what you will be doing

Task Details
(this includes confined space work permits).

How to use and maintain tools, equipment and safety

Manufacturers’ Guidelines and Specifications
devices and systems.

What to do if you Find Faulty Equipment Isolation procedures to follow or forms to fill out.

Site signage used to warn others that some areas are not
Signage Requirements
safe to be in, or that work is being completed.

Instructions on what to do in emergency situations, for

Emergency Procedures
example if there is fire, or if first aid is needed.

Technical and safety information could also include

Communication Procedures
workplace procedures for communication.

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1.3 Get Your Work Details
You need to be clear about what work you will be doing. Make sure you have
everything about the job to apply for a confined space permit before you start.
This includes what you will be doing, how you will be doing it and what
equipment you will be using.

You need to know why you are entering the confined space to identify any
dangers and work out the details for a work permit.

There are many reasons why you would need to enter a confined space:

Cleaning and removing waste.

Repair work, for example welding or cutting.

Installing pumps and motors.

Painting, sand blasting or applying surface coatings.

Reading meters, gauges and dials.

Installing, repairing or inspecting telephone, electrical or fibre optic

cables.

Tapping, coating or testing steam, water or sewage systems.

Inspecting plant or equipment.

Constructing a confined space, for example an industrial boiler.

Rescuing people from a confined space.

1.3.1 Safe Work Method Statements

Many worksites require a Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) before any high-risk work can
start. A Safe Work Method Statement is a list of steps that outlines how a job will be done. It
also includes any hazards that occur at each step, and what you need to do about them.

These statements can also be known as a Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
or a Risk Assessment etc.

1.3.1.1 How to Fill Out a Safe Work Method Statement

1. Break the job down into steps and think about what needs to happen in each one.

2. Think about and list any hazards that exist at each step.

3. Work out the best way to deal with the hazards to make the work as safe as possible.

4. Work out who is responsible for the dealing with the hazards and who is supervising the whole job.

5. Make sure the Safe Work Method Statement is explained to everyone and they clearly understand what they
need to do and then sign onto it.

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1.3.2 Keeping Everyone Safe- Duty of Care
Work health and safety (WHS) laws say that all companies and workers need to keep themselves and other people safe
while they work. This is called a duty of care.

To keep yourself and other workers safe you need to:

Follow your instructions.

Follow all workplace rules.

Make sure all equipment is safe to use.

Carry out your work safely.

Report any problems.

Your company will provide information on how to work safely being:

Worksite policies, procedures, bulletins and memos

Federal, state and local regulatory authorities.

Australian Standards and legislative requirements relating to work in confined

spaces.

Instructions, plans, charts, diagrams, maps and engineer’s drawings.

Signage and labels.

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and manufacturers’ instructions.

Safe Operating Procedures (SOP)/Job Safety Analysis (JSA)/ Work Method

Statements (WMS).

If you think something is dangerous, tell your boss or supervisor as soon as possible.

1.3.2.1 Safety Data Sheets

A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) has important information about a hazardous chemical (which may be hazardous substance
and/or dangerous goods) and must include details about:

The hazardous substance's product name.

The chemical and generic name of certain ingredients.

The chemical and physical properties of the hazardous substance.

Health hazard information.

Precautions for safe use and handling.

The manufacturer's or importer's name, Australian address and telephone

number.

The SDS gives you information on what to do if there is exposure to the hazardous material, for example if there is a spill,
or if you are working with the substance.

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1.4 Work Permits
There are a number of jobs that can require a work permit including:

Working in a confined space.

Working at heights.

Cold work/general permit to work – work that WILL NOT generate any source
of ignition such as a flame, spark or temperature high enough to ignite
flammable material.

Hot work – work that WILL generate a source of ignition such as a flame,
spark or temperature high enough to ignite flammable material.

Excavation – issued for the penetration of any ground surface with

mechanical excavating equipment.

Operation of plant.

Minor repairs.

Other special permits such as plumbing/gas/electrical work.

All confined spaces work must be done in line with a confined space work permit.

This permit will outline every part of the job (who, what, where, when, why and how the
job will be done) and all of the safety measures that must be taken.

According to Safe Work Australia, “The permit must be kept until the work is completed,
or if a notifiable incident occurs, for at least 2 years after the confined space work to
which the permit relates is completed”.

1.4.1 Work Permit Details

The details in the permit should cover the hazards and
hazard controls that have been identified.

A confined space permit should include the following:

Location, description and duration of work to be done.

Hazards that may be encountered.

Atmospheric test and monitoring requirements and results.

Hot work.

Authorisation for work to be done.

Isolation, lock-out and tagging processes.

Hazard control measures (for example signs, barriers, ventilation and purging).

Personal protective equipment and clothing needed for the job.

Size of work crew.

Stand-by personnel and emergency response and rescue arrangements.

Other requirements determined by a risk assessment and in accordance with the

code of practice and AS2865.

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Once issued, you will need to check that the details in the work permit match the job including
hazards, control measures and equipment.

Changes to work conditions or identifying new hazards can mean the permit has to be cancelled
before the work has been finished. The permit may have to be re-issued to address the latest
information.

An example Confined Spaces Work Permit- Appendix A

1.5 Confirm the Emergency Response Plan

An emergency response plan needs to be finalised before any confined space operations
are done. The emergency response plan includes the roles and responsibilities of all
workers involved in the confined spaces work.

Before starting any confined spaces work you need to make sure the emergency response
plan is right for the work situation and that the stand-by person understands the
emergency response procedures.

It is also important to make sure that the entry/exit openings are large enough to allow for
emergency access and that they are not obstructed.

It is important to confirm your own role in an emergency so that you know what to do and how to react quickly before the
situation gets worse. Talk to your supervisor about what you will need to do in an emergency and make sure that you
have been trained to carry out the task.

1.5.1 Stand-By Person

A stand-by person (or sentry) should stay as close as possible to the confined space.

A stand-by person must:

Be fully trained and competent.

Be in continuous communication and if possible visual contact with workers inside the confined
space.

Be ready to immediately start emergency response procedures.

Continuously monitor hazards both inside and outside the confined space.

Maintain clear access and egress (entry and exit) to and from the confined space.

Not be involved in any other work while personnel are within the confined space.

1.6 Isolate the Confined Space

The confined space needs to be isolated from other workers who are not involved in the confined spaces work.

Signage and barriers can be used to stop unauthorised entry into the confined space.

Signage may include:

Site safety signage.

Temporary signage for motorists and pedestrians.

Barricades.

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2.1 Select and Inspect Equipment
The equipment you use while working in a confined space will depend on the job,
hazards and hazard controls that are put in place.

Equipment used for confined spaces work includes:

Safety equipment.

Rescue equipment.

Atmospheric testing equipment such as portable gas detectors and

monitors.

Communication devices.

Tools and equipment relevant to the work to be performed.

You need to make sure any torches or communication equipment is safe to use in a confined space.

2.1.1 Personal Danger Tags

The PDT is given to the standby person who will make sure the right details are on the PDT, then he places the PDT on
the confined space board when the worker is entering the confined space. When worker exits the confined space, the
standby person will get the worker to remove the PDT.

2.1.2 Guidelines
A guideline is a small diameter line that can be used by the confined spaces team to stay together in areas of reduced
visibility.

The main guideline is up to 60m long with markings at set distances.

The main guideline will also be marked with a tally at the start of the line,
lettered either A or B.

A personal line is attached to the main guideline.

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2.1.3 Guideline Tallies
Guideline tallies are used to identify main or branch lines that are being used and are usually yellow.

Main lines use round tallies with either A or B on both sides and are attached to the start of the line.

Branch line tallies have holes punched through them to make them easier to identify.

As each worker attaches a personal line they will need to attach a guideline tally as well.

2.1.4 Communication Equipment

Communications equipment could include:

Communication Equipment: Description:

Integrated Radios Integrated radios are built into the breathing apparatus.
Portable radios will have limited usefulness when using breathing
Portable Radios apparatus and may have limited range due to atmospheric
conditions.
This is the name given to the complete communication equipment.
Communication sets are made up of a microphone, battery, cables,
amplifier and built-in speakers.

Communication Sets
The way communication sets are used depends on the type of
equipment and the manufacturer’s operating guidelines. These
instructions can vary so it is important that you check the
manufacturer’s operation manual for the equipment you are using.
Depending on your organisation, signal lines may be a line similar to
the main guideline, which will transmit predetermined signals. It
Signal Lines
may also be a communications cable, which can be connected to
communications equipment.
Hand signals must be understood for clear communications to occur.
Most organisations will have signals that apply only to their
worksites, or that have been designed for a particular task.
Hand Signals
If hand signals are going to be used during the work make sure you
are familiar with them and that you practice them before entering
any confined space.
Most Distress Signal Units (DSU) will have a dual activation system,
which will trigger an alarm automatically if movement is not
detected within a certain timeframe (up to 1 minute of no
Distress Signal Unit movement), or the alarm can be set off manually.

The process for setting off your Distress Signal Unit will depend
upon the make and model of equipment.

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2.1.5 Lifting and Lowering Devices
Lifting and lowering devices include safety belts, harnesses, tripods, ropes and lifelines. The tripod will use either a winch
or rope system.
The WHS requirements for working with a tripod and harness is to apply the appropriate safety measures outlined in the
manufacturer’s instructions, which will include information about: ensuring that the tripod height reflects the size of the
user; that the ground is level and that the tripod is sitting level on the ground; that the tripod leg pins are locked in place;
and that an appropriate harness is used.
It is important to remember that all equipment has a lifespan, so you must check the condition of the tripod and harness
you use. Typically, a harness has a lifespan of 10 years and should not be used after that period.

2.1.6 Firefighting Equipment

Firefighting equipment could include fire blankets and fire extinguishers.

2.1.7 Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) may include:

Eye protection (e.g. goggles).

Ear protection.

Gloves.

Protective clothing.

Helmets.

Safety footwear.

Respirators and masks.

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2.1.8 Respiratory Equipment
Where a confined space has an unsafe concentration of oxygen, or any airborne
contaminant cannot be safely reduced or removed, workers must be equipped with
supplied-air respiratory protection and PPE.

 Air Filtering Breathing Apparatus

 Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
 Supplied Airline Breathing Apparatus

The limitations of the different breathing apparatus are:

1. Air Filtering breathing apparatus is a face mask that uses a chemical filter or
cartridge to filter the air of dangerous gases or vapors as the wearer draws
breath. They are normally used when there are hazardous gases and/or vapors
present in the air but this apparatus does not protect against airborne particles
and although the wearer is breathing through a filter, they are still breathing the
atmosphere, so this apparatus would have limited use.

2. Self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus (SCBA) – is for use when there is a known hazardous
environment and comes in two types:

The open-circuit SCBA Has a tank of breathable air, regulator and a harness. Open circuit SCBA are used by
the Fire Service and rescue teams. It has limitations of its use because of the tank and limited air in the tank.

The closed-circuit SCBA Is a rebreather that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user's exhaled breath to
permit the rebreathing (recycling) of the substantially unused oxygen content, and unused inert content when
present, of each breath. Oxygen is added to replenish the amount metabolised by the user. Is used for
underwater operations and by mine rescue teams. It has limitations because of its size so it could not be used in
restricted spaces.

3. Supplied airline breathing apparatus Is where the air is supplied to the user by a face mask while the air
supply will be in a different location nearby. The air may be supplied by a cylinder bank or a compressor.
Although this type of breathing apparatus can provide longer time periods in confined spaces, it has limited
application because of its reliance on the hose feed and air source, which is generally fixed.

2.1.9 Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring Equipment

There are three methods of testing and maintenance/monitoring serviceability of
electronic gas monitors:

 Calibration by manufacturers or suppliers

 Bump testing by competent personnel
 Fresh air or field check by competent personnel

To ensure it is functioning appropriately, all atmospheric testing equipment needs to

be calibrated by the manufacturer annually. Each gas-testing instrument needs to
be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Instruments that are not
properly calibrated or that fail field checks cannot be used for atmospheric testing until they are properly calibrated.

Calibration checks involve exposing the monitor to a certified concentration of gas for a set time to verify that the monitor
is providing an accurate reading. It also needs to be field checked just before use. The field check needs to include
checking with a test gas as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

A bump test is a short exposure of the monitor to gas to verify that the sensors are working and that the alarms are
functioning appropriately. It is not checking the accuracy of the levels of the reading.

It is important that an atmospheric monitor is serviced and calibrated regularly to ensure that it is working appropriately.
The reading of atmospheric monitors can be affected by exposure to high gas concentrations, if the monitor receives a
heavy knock, or is exposed to extreme temperatures.

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A fresh air or field check involves taking readings of the atmosphere known to be free of gases to ensure that the
equipment is operating.

Atmospheric testing and monitoring equipment includes:

Instruments used for pre-entry testing appropriate to the hazards.

Continuous monitors appropriate for the hazards.

Other devices used to test the confined space atmosphere as required by the permit conditions.

2.1.9 Common atmospheres tested by electronic gas monitors

Gas Molecular CAS Physical CHUA Description Hazards
Formula State & Hazard CGSL
Description Control Hazard
Plan Class
Hydrogen 7783– Liquefied Compressed Colorless, Toxic, II
sulphide H2S 06– gas gas foul flammable,
4 odor like corrosive
rotten
eggs
[Threshold Limit Values ppm: 0.05; Permissible Exposure Limit ppm: 0.05; Lethal Dose ppm: 51; Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health ppm: 1]
Carbon CO 630–08– Compressed Carbon Colorless, Toxic, III
monoxide 0 gas monoxide odorless, flammable
tasteless
Threshold Limit Values ppm: 25; Permissible Exposure Limit ppm: 25; Lethal Dose ppm: 3760; Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health ppm: 1200]
Methane CH4 74-82-8 Compressed Compressed Colorless, Flammable IV
gas gas odorless
Oxygen O2 7782-44- Compressed Compressed Colorless, Oxidizer IV
7 gas gas odorless,
tasteless

2.1.10 Rescue Equipment

There is always the chance of an emergency situation occurring when working in a
confined space, such as a worker falling unconscious, a fire breaking out or a
chemical spill. It is very important that you have a plan in place and incident
response equipment on hand. All rescue personnel should be trained in their use.

The rescue equipment should be set up near the confined space and be ready to
use at a moments notice.

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Rescue equipment includes:

Rescue lines.

First aid kits.

Firefighting equipment.

Spill kits.

Access equipment.

2.2 Report Faulty Equipment

If you find anything wrong during your checks you must:

2.3 Environmental Protection Requirements

Any work done in a confined space should not have a negative effect on the environment.

Some environmental requirements are:

Organisational or project environmental management plans.

Waste management.

Water quality protection.

Noise, vibration, dust and clean-up management.

Contact the EPA for more information on how to work safely without impacting on the environment. Before any work is
carried out you must make sure any environmental protection requirements are in place according to site procedures.

Check the confined spaces work permit for details of what is required to maintain the lowest possible impact on the
environment.

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2.4 Gain Access to the Confined Space
In accordance with the details in the confined spaces permit, you need to gain access to the
confined space. This means getting safely to the confined space entry point. In some cases,
this may mean you need to get up high to the entry point using access equipment (for
example elevating work platforms, scaffolds or vertical rope systems), or organise to remove
a hatch or cover to get to the confined space.

Each situation is different so make sure you have had a good look at the area and worked out
the safest way to access the confined space. Talk to your supervisor and other workers and
check the details in the work permit to make sure you are using the right method to access
the confined space.

2.5 Atmospheric Testing

The air inside a confined space must be tested before any workers enter.

If work stops for a long period of time (over an hour) the space will need to be tested
again.

Before a person enters a confined space make sure:

The confined space contains an oxygen level between 19.5% and 23.5%.

The atmospheric contaminants in the confined space are reduced to a safe

level.

There are no temperature extremes.

The concentration of flammable gasses in the atmosphere is below 5 per

cent of its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is
the concentration of flammable material in the air below which a flame will
not ignite when in contact with an ignition source.

2.5.1 Dealing with Unsafe Atmospheres

If initial testing shows that the space is not safe for a person to enter, you will need
to take action.

This could be done a number of ways, such as:

Purging the atmosphere by blowing air through the space; or

Extracting toxic gases with a suitable exhaust system; or

A combination of blowing and exhausting.

You need to be careful that people outside the confined space are not exposed to
gas while the atmosphere inside the confined space is being purged. You also need
to be careful when purging flammable gases.

Do not use pure oxygen or gasses with a higher oxygen level of 21% for purging
purposes. Ventilation such as exhaust fans can be used to remove hazardous
gasses and contaminants. Any purging of a confined space needs to be followed up
with proper ventilation procedures.

Alternatively, people can enter the space if they wear an approved air-supplied
respirator (self-contained breathing apparatus – SCBA), so long as there are no
flammable gases present in the confined space. It is important that personnel are
properly trained and experienced in the use of these breathing apparatus before entering the confined space.

Testing should be done prior to entering the confined space and needs to be done on a continuous basis while the work is
carried out, or in accordance with the confined spaces permit.

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2.6 Fit Personal Protective Equipment
Depending on the situation you may be required to wear a range of protective
equipment. You need to make sure all equipment fits properly and is in good condition.
Faulty protective equipment will not protect you properly.

If you find anything wrong with any of the equipment you need to report it and isolate
the equipment to stop it from being used.

2.6.1 Check Atmospheric Test Results before Entering the Space

Always check that the results from the atmospheric testing show that the confined space is safe for entry before you
begin work.

If the test results are inconsistent or do not provide enough solid information you must make sure further testing is
completed with different or re-calibrated equipment.

2.7 Prepare the Confined Space for Entry

You will need to check that the worksite has been prepared in accordance with the work
permit conditions including:

Mechanical, electrical or other energy source isolations.

De-energising all sources of energy or pressure.

Purging of lines.

Lock-out and tagging out procedures.

Blinding or blanking lines as required.

The results of these checks should be reported to the appropriate workers. The confined
space must be made ready for entry in compliance with workplace procedures, relevant
laws and AS2865.

2.7.1 Hazard Controls

You need to make sure that any hazard controls outlined in the permit are in place before you start work.

Common hazard controls for confined spaces work are:

Having a stand-by person outside the confined space.

Isolating, tagging and lock-out procedures for liquid, gas, electric

current or other stored energy, as well as erecting barriers and signage
(site isolation).

Purging gasses or ventilation of the confined space.

Using protective equipment and breathing apparatus.

Any other requirements outlined in the confined space entry permit,

AS2865 or other relevant sources.

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2.7.2 Confirming the Confined Space is ready for Entry
Before entering the confined space make the following checks:

Isolations are complete and appropriate.

Isolation provides positive isolation.

Atmosphere is safe (or if necessary relevant measures are in place to

ensure safe entry into an unsafe atmosphere).

Safe entry and exit methods are in place.

Access points should:

Be large enough for people (including emergency personnel) and

equipment to pass through.

Be provided with ladders, platforms or walkways.

Not be obstructed by equipment.

There should be enough access points for emergency rescue and

ventilation requirements.

If you find that the confined space is not ready for entry you need to report the
deficiencies to an authorised person to be fixed. Do not enter the confined space
until the situation is corrected.

2.7.3 Role of the Standby Person

The standby person is placed at an entry/exit point of the space to:

Workers are to put their PDT on the lockout board and enter entry time in the
entry/exit log.

Ensure workers PDT’s are kept together on the board.

Monitor workers health and safety.

Monitor the environment.

Monitor atmosphere and record in gas test log.

Workers are to remove their PDT’s once they have

completed the work and they have exited the
confined space and record exit time in the entry/exit
log.

Monitor workers task progress.

Keep your supervisor (or authorised person) up to date with any concerns or
developments that may affect the work being done.

In some organisations the supervisor or standby person will also be responsible for attaching main guidelines and tallies to
the guidelines, maintaining communication with workers, and responding to emergency or rescue activities.

3.1 Enter the Confined Space

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No person may enter a confined space unless:

All identified hazards have been addressed.

They have written authority to enter the confined space (approved permit).

The written authority includes relevant hazard control measures or precautions

(including the number of standby people required) for the safe entry and execution
of the work.

They are made aware of, understand and comply with the written authority.

A record of their presence in the confined space is made (including point and time
of entry).

Signs and barriers are erected to prevent unauthorised access.

Arrangements have been made for emergency response and rescue of persons in the confined space.

Once all the preparation has been completed you may begin entering the
confined space.

Open or remove the access cover as required. Make sure any access covers such
as doors or hatches cannot fall back down and trap you.

Remember to be careful of hazards such as sharp edges or slippery surfaces

when entering the confined space. Some confined spaces are very deep and a
fall could cause serious injury.

You have officially entered a confined space once your head or upper part of
your body is within the confined space. Putting your arm in to test the
atmosphere does not count as entering the confined space.

3.2 Maintain Communication with Stand-By Person

Use communication equipment correctly to stay in constant, effective communication
with other workers including the stand-by person at all times, using verbal, 2 way
radios or signal lines. In some situations, you may have to rely on hand signals. Make
sure you have worked out these hand signals before entering the confined space to
work.

If the stand-by person loses contact with you, they may initiate the emergency plan so
it is important to maintain some form of communication while you are doing your work.

If you find that the communication methods you have chosen are not working, or do
not allow you to maintain regular contact with other workers you should re-assess the
communication requirements of the situation and work out a better way to keep in
contact with other workers.

3.3 Work in the Confined Space

You should always follow permit conditions while working in a confined space to
make sure the work is completed as safely as possible.

Safe and effective confined space operations includes doing the following:

Constant monitoring of equipment and changes in the environment while

work is being carried out. Damage to equipment, changes in the atmosphere
and movement of workers can all create new hazards.

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 New hazards that are identified while you are working within a confined space may require you to use new
hazard controls and request re-issue of a permit.

If you are using a gas monitor and the alarm sounds all workers should leave
the confined space immediately.

Keep all PPE and safety equipment in place during the work.

Handle all materials within the confined space properly and follow all
instructions and safety data sheets.

Do not work past the time allowed for the work to be done within the confined
space. Keep an eye on the amount of time the work is taking. The allocated
time will be shown on the confined spaces work permit.

Complete confined space entry logs, making sure that all entry and re-entry of people working within the
confined space are properly recorded.

3.3.1 Dealing with New Hazards

If new hazards are identified during the confined space work you will need to take appropriate
action depending on the situation.

This may include:

Organising for the re-validation or re-issue of the work permit to reflect the change to
the situation.

Evacuating the confined space.

Doing further testing of the confined space atmosphere and environment.

Raising the alarm with other workers and isolating the confined space (depending on
the circumstances).

Initiating the emergency response plan and carrying out your own role and responsibilities.

Any other action determined by your supervisor.

3.3.2 Emergency Response

It is important to stay calm and focused in an emergency. The quicker and more
effectively everyone can act in an emergency, the better the outcome. Raise the alarm
straight away if there is an emergency. If all procedures, equipment and workers are
prepared, a rescue can be attempted without delay.

It may be necessary for a trained person to apply first aid. Emergency services may need
to be telephoned – DIAL 000.

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3.3.2.1 Entrapment Procedures
Becoming trapped within a confined space can happen quickly and without warning. Knowing your organisation’s
requirements and procedures for dealing with entrapment is important for your safety. Once you recognise that you are
trapped:

Follow these Steps:

1. Stop All Non-Essential Strenuous Stopping all strenuous activities helps you to calm your breathing and
Activities air consumption, and conserves the air in your breathing apparatus.
2. Activate Your Distress Signal Unit You will need to activate your Distress Signal Unit manually.
By moving to the safest position possible, you will be less affected by
hazards, and will be able to stay calm. While staying calm in an
3. Relocate
entrapment situation may be hard, it is important that you try to slow
your breathing.
Using your communications equipment to call for help lets you tell the
rescue team where you are, what the conditions are and if escape
units or additional air cylinders need to be brought into the scene.
4. Call for Assistance
Entrapment is a situation that can turn deadly without notice. The
success of the entrapment procedures depends on regular practice
and training.

3.4 Exit the Confined Space

Before exiting the confined space, you must do a survey of the area, collect any
equipment you have brought into the space, check for any environmental issues that may
have arisen because of the work you have been completing, and finally advise the standby
person of your intension to leave the confined space.

Exit the confined space safely, being careful of sharp edges or when exiting a confined
space at height. Wherever possible use fixed ladders, platforms and walkways to exit from
the confined space.

Coordinate your exit from the confined space with the stand-by person so they can help
you.

3.5 Return the Confined Space to Service

Once the confined space work has been completed you will need to:

Conduct an inspection of the confined space.

Recover all tools, equipment and materials from the confined

space.

Replace or close the access cover to prevent unauthorised

entry to the confined space.

Remove hazard controls including isolation, tagging and

lock-out systems or signs and barriers that are no longer
needed.

Complete any details in the confined space entry log.

Let the appropriate personnel know that the work in the confined space has been completed.

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3.5.1 Inspecting and Cleaning Up
The confined space must be inspected to make sure all tasks have been completed and no damage
done to the environment. Also check to make sure that no workers have been left behind in the
confined space.
that all tools, equipment and materials have been recovered. You should also check that there has
been
All tools and equipment will need to be recovered from the confined space after you have completed
the works. You need to leave the confined space as you found it. Also leaving tools or equipment in
the space may interfere with its usual purpose and normal operation.

The work area will need to be cleared and cleaned after work has been completed. Make sure you
wear the right PPE for the job.

Dispose of, or recycle, leftover materials in accordance with project environmental management plans.

3.5.2 Maintain Tools and Equipment

Tools, equipment and materials should be cleaned, checked, maintained and stored in accordance with manufacturers’
recommendations and standard work practices.

After using tools and equipment, it is important to make sure they are:

Make sure the tools and equipment are:

By removing all dirt, mud, moisture or other contaminants, in
Cleaned
accordance with manufacturers’ specifications.
For any damage – If anything is wrong, apply tagging and lock-
Checked
out procedures and report it to your supervisor.
In line with manufacturers’ recommendations or your worksite
Maintained
procedures.
Correctly in the right location – Most equipment will have storage
Stored instructions to make sure the items are kept free from damage
and can be easily found the next time they are needed.

The procedures for cleaning, maintenance and storage should be followed regardless of the type of equipment and tools
being used. Keeping them in the best possible condition prolongs their working life and ensures they are safe to use.

3.5.3 Removing Hazard Controls and Securing Access

If they are no longer needed, hazard controls need to be removed from the area. Signs and
barriers used during the confined spaces work need to be cleaned and stored away.

The confined space needs to be sealed back up to stop unauthorised access. This could
include replacing and securing the cover, lid or hatch.

All tagging and lock-out devices used to isolate the confined space need to be removed in
accordance with procedures to return the confined space to service.

These devices could include:

Lock out appliances and devices.

Tag outs.

Isolation devices.

Other site approved devices.

Check the work permit for details of any other tasks that need to be done to finalise the confined spaces work.

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3.5.4 Complete Documentation

You will need to complete all documentation, including the confined space entry log, withdrawal of permits, and any
records related to use and servicing of equipment.

Generally, the withdrawal from a confined space operation requires the following
information to be signed off:

Names of all workers who have exited from the confined space.

Date and time of all exits from the confined space.

All workers and equipment are accounted for.

All equipment has been checked and stored in accordance with procedures.

The person in direct control of the confined space operation will need to make the final sign-off of the withdrawal of the
confined spaces work permit once all of the above information has been confirmed.

3.5.4.1 Report Any Issues

Report any issues that may have occurred such as:

Feedback on the work and ways to improve the work process.

Signs and symptoms of operational stress.

Equipment malfunctions.

Wear and tear of equipment and tools.

Condition of safety and rescue equipment.

Observations of the condition of the confined space.

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Appendix A- Confined Space Entry Permit
Location of Confined
Space (CS):

Type of Work: Hot Work

Installation

Maintenance
Reading/Testing of Systems
Inspection

Cleaning/Waste Removal
Construction

Rescue
Other: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Date of Issue:

Supervisor:

1. DETAILS OF CONFINED SPACE WORK

Will hot work be carried out YES If yes, Hot Work Permit must be completed and
during entry? isolation measures recorded in Section 2.

NO Hot Work Permit No:

Authorised by:

Will the CS or tank be cleaned? YES If YES, cleaning certificate must be completed and
attached to this permit.

NO If NO, what hazards are present in the CS or tank?

What control measures will be used?

Comments or other information:

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2. ISOLATION
What does the Confined Space Water/Vapour
need to be isolated from?
Gas
Steam
Chemicals
Mechanical equipment
Electrical drives and equipment
Fire or fire services
Hydraulic equipment and services
Electricity
Gas
Sludge
Deposits
Wastes
Traffic and unauthorised personnel
Other: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Isolation of hazards: Hazard Location Isolation Method

Note: If more isolation methods are required, please record the details on the back of this form.

Signage and barricades: YES

Have signage and barricades been erected?
NO

YES
Are access/egress points signposted and secure?
NO

If NO, signs and barricades must be erected immediately.

Have locks and/or tags been

YES NO
affixed to isolation points?

Comments or other information:

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3. ATMOSPHERE TESTING AND MONITORING
Has the CS atmosphere been
YES NO
tested?

Results of tests: Confined Space tested by:

Oxygen: %

Flammable gases: % LEL

% LEL

Other gases: ppm (less than ppm)

ppm (less than ppm)

Other airborne contaminants:

Continuous monitoring of the CS

YES NO
atmosphere is required?

3.1 Atmosphere Controls

Have control measures of the YES NO

atmosphere been implemented?
Measures implemented:

Purging of space Ventilation of space

Continuous ventilation required. Other:

The atmosphere is safe for With supplied air breathing apparatus. YES NO
entry under the following
conditions:
Without respiratory protection. YES NO

With escape unit. YES NO

Comments or other information:

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4. EQUIPMENT
Personal protective equipment Eye protection – safety glasses/goggles.
to be worn:
Hearing protection – ear plugs/ear muffs.

Hand protection - gloves.

Footwear - boots.

Head protection – helmet.

Protective clothing – hi-visibility, full jumpsuit.

Other ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Safety equipment to be used: Electronic gas detection equipment.

Self-rescue breathing sets.

Full breathing apparatus – open circuit or airline.

Safety harness (full body) and safety lines.

Communication equipment.

Personal lighting.

Other ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Rescue equipment to be Gas detection equipment.

prepared:
Breathing apparatus.

Respirator.

Extraction system.

Harnesses and safety lines.

Helmets.

Gloves – inner, outer, chemical protection.

Stretcher.

Lighting.

Spreader bar.

PPE.

Firefighting equipment.

Other ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Calibration and inspection
certificates of all equipment are YES NO
attached and current?

Comments or other information:

5. PERSONNEL
Rescue procedure and contacts: Rescue team members have been notified of the work
YES NO
being carried out and the location of the CS?

Rescue personnel contact name:

Agency/company name:

Contact number(s):

General emergency response procedure:

Stand-by personnel: Name:

Communication arrangements: Visual

Signal

Phone

Radio

Other:

Stand-by personnel are trained in first

YES NO
aid and confined space procedures?

CS stand-by personnel are engaged

YES NO
and available?

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5.1 Personnel Authorised to Enter Confined Space
I have been advised of and understand the control measures and precautions to be observed with the entry and work in
confined space.

Employee/Contractor

Print Name: Signature:

Valid until: Date: Time:

Employee/Contractor

Print Name: Signature:

Valid until: Date: Time:

Note: If more personnel are required, please record their details on the back of this form.

5.2 Personnel Entry and Exit Log

Use this section each time a person enters or leaves the confined space.

Log of Entry and Exit

ENTRY EXIT
Name Date Time Name Date Time

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6. AUTHORITY TO ENTER
The control measures and precautions appropriate for the safe entry and execution of the work in the confined space
have been implemented and persons required to work in the confined space have been advised of and understand the
requirements of this written authority.

Signed (Person in direct control):

Print Name:

Date: Time:

This written authority is valid until: Date: Time:

7. WITHDRAWAL OF WRITTEN AUTHORITY

All persons have left the confined space and further entry cannot be permit unless a new entry permit is
completed.

Equipment has been checked and stored correctly.

Signed (Stand-by person):

Print Name:

Date: Time:

7.1 Work Suspended

All personnel and equipment have been withdrawn from the confined space and work has been suspended due to:
Unsuitable/unsafe atmosphere.
Incident.
Plant/machinery/equipment unsuitable or damaged.
Other:

Under these circumstances, all work cannot restart until a new permit has been issued.
Signed (Supervisor):

Print Name:

Date: Time:

7.2 Acceptance of Completed Work

I accept that all of the work permitted in this entry permit has been completed satisfactorily and no further entry to the
confined space is permitted.

Signed (Supervisor):

Print Name:

Date: Time:

Documents attached:

CS Permit Training Certificates/Licences Calibration Certificates

Other:

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Final Assessment Information and Instructions
The assessment of this unit of competence requires you to demonstrate the skills and knowledge
required to enter and work in confined spaces in the resources and infrastructure industry. The
assessment has been divided into 2 main parts:

1. Theory Assessment.
2. Practical Assessment.

Part 1 - Theory Assessment

Your assessor will decide with you whether you will complete the theory assessment in an oral or written format.
 If you complete the assessment orally, your assessor will record your answers for you using a suitable method at
an appropriate time, prior to attempting the practical assessment. You are required to sign-off on the recorded
answers to indicate that they have accurately captured your response.
 If you undertake a written assessment, you must write your own answers using the assessment tool provided.

Conditions of Assessment
1. You will have a reading time of up to 10 minutes before starting the assessment.
2. During this time, you are allowed to ask the assessor about any questions in the assessment that you do not
understand.
3. You will then have 90 minutes to answer the 30 questions. You must attempt all questions. If you cannot
complete the assessment in the stated time you may be given more time at the discretion of the assessor. Note
this may be a factor in assessing overall competency.
4. All questions must be answered without any assistance. You cannot use any references, books or course notes.
5. Your handwritten answers must be neat and legible.
6. You may use a calculator during the assessment, provided it is not a scientific calculator.
7. Your assessor will check your answers after you have finished and ask you to explain anything that is unclear.

Achieving a Satisfactory Outcome

In order to achieve a satisfactory outcome for the theory assessment you will need to:
 Complete all questions correctly.
 Demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the subject.
 Use reasonable methods or considerations in coming to the answers.
 Correctly explain principles when questioned by your assessor in the instance where your original answer is
unclear.

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Part 2 - Practical Assessment
The practical assessment consists of 4 individual assessment tasks, which may run in a single sequence from task to task
under the guidance of the assessor.

Conditions of Assessment
1. You are required to undertake an assessment for entering and working in confined spaces in the resources and
infrastructure industry.
2. The assessor will provide you with instructions about what you are required to do.
3. If you are unclear about what you have to do, ask the assessor before you start.
4. Each person must be observed and be assessed as being competent in each task even in situations where the
work is completed by a team.
5. You may not use any references, books or course notes during the assessment, unless these resources are
common to completing the task when performed in a real work environment.
6. All assessments must be satisfactorily demonstrated. If you do not satisfactorily complete an assessment a result
of ‘Not yet competent’ will be recorded.
7. You should be able to complete all assessments within 90 minutes. The time stated is a guide only. If you cannot
complete the assessment in the stated time then this will be considered when assessing overall competency.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

You must wear safety clothing and equipment as required by the risk assessment of the workplace or assessment
environment. This includes:

 Safety helmet (where required).

 Appropriate footwear.
 High-visibility vest or other similar clothing.
 Other protective clothing and equipment as appropriate.

Your assessor will confirm the availability of required PPE when making arrangements to conduct the assessment. If you
do not have the appropriate equipment the assessment cannot be undertaken.

Grounds for Stopping the Assessment

If at any time during the practical assessment, you act in a way that puts yourself, other learners, equipment or property
in any danger, the assessment will be stopped immediately. Your assessor will identify and record the dangerous act to
you and re-schedule the assessment to be attempted again at a later time. You may be required to complete part or all of
the practical assessment again at that time, at the discretion of your assessor.

Achieving a Satisfactory Outcome

In order to achieve a satisfactory outcome for the practical assessment you will need to:
 Complete all tasks and assessments in their entirety.
 Complete all tasks and assessments satisfactorily in a timely manner, representative of real world conditions,
expectations and outcomes.
 Complete all tasks and assessments safely, using the correct techniques and methods and ensuring your own
safety and the safety of others at all times.
 Working with others, where necessary, to safely, effectively and efficiently achieve all outcomes of the tasks and
assessments.

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Assessment 1: Plan and Prepare, Work in Confined Spaces (To be demonstrated on two
occasions)

Learner plans and prepares for work in confined spaces by accessing the relevant documentation,
obtaining an entry permit and preparing the work area for entry by:
i. Locate and identify task requirements, including:
 Determining if the work area is a confined space.
 Interpreting and applying work method statements.
ii. Locate and identify workplace procedures and safety requirements, including safety data
sheets.
iii. Locate and identify health and safety rule.
iv. Locate and identify the environmental management plan and protection requirements.
v. Obtain and check entry permit.
vi. Choose and inspect all of the tools and equipment needed for the job which may include:
 PPE, breathing equipment and monitors, rescue equipment, barriers and signs.
 Check condition of all tools and equipment and report any faults.
vii. Identify and erect signs and barriers around the work area.
viii. Check emergency response procedures with the stand-by person.

Assessment 2: Work in Confined Space and Exit Safely (To be demonstrated on two
occasions)

Learner demonstrates how to safely enter and work in the confined space, and then exit the space
safely by completing the following tasks:
i. Gain access to the entry point for the confined space and prepare it for entry, including:
 Positioning rescue equipment and checking the stand by person is in position.
 Applying or checking for isolation, tagging and lock out measures.
 Confirm result of atmospheric testing before entering.
ii. Safely enter the confined space and carry out your work task, including:
 Maintaining communication with the stand-by person.
 Monitoring the atmosphere during work.
 Safely handles materials during work.
 Working within the limits of the entry permit.
 Monitoring and sticking to the allocated entry time.
iii. Safely exit the confined space within the allocated time.

Learner demonstrates how to conclude operations and return the confined space to service,
including:
i. Recovering tools, equipment and materials from the confined space.
ii. Inspecting the confined space for any damage and equipment that has been left behind.
iii. Securing access to the confined space.
iv. Removing tagging and lock-out devices.
v. Signing off entry permit documentation as required.

Learner cleans up the work area and maintains all of their equipment.
i. Clear the work area and recycle or dispose of materials.
ii. Remove, clean and store all signs and barriers used during the work.
iii. Clean, maintain and store all tools and equipment used, including:
 Managing issues and completing documentation related to the maintenance and
inspection of tools and equipment.

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