UNDERSTANDING

VARIABLES
COMPARING
DESIGNS QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
ON THE AGENDA

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

RESEARCH 101
Building on the Basics
 variables.
UNDERSTANDING
This slideshow presentation is available for
VARIABLES
download through the courseCOMPARING
website:
□ Classify a variable in terms of
mathbychua.weebly.com. DESIGNS measurement
QUANTITATIVE scales
Identifying RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
a Problem RESEARCH
ON THE AGENDA
THE RESEARCH

Reporting Reviewing
Inquiries, Specifying
Breaking
Investigations,
Research a Immersion
down
and
Selecting Literature
Identify the
Locating,
Problem
data
PROCESS

samples
RESEARCH 101
purpose
Selecting,
Justifying
Representing
Obtaining it
Narrow the
Summarizing
Suggesting
data the
permissions
purpose
Resources to
Analyzing, need to study
Explaining
Gathering infoit Specifying
data
questions
Building on the Basics
Interpretin
g Data
Purpose

Collecting
Data
 variables.
UNDERSTANDING
This slideshow presentation is available for
download through the courseCOMPARING
VARIABLES website:
□ Classify a variable in terms of
mathbychua.weebly.com. DESIGNS data measurement
QUANTITATIVE scales
Concept attributes-based numerical data
RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
Methodology exploratory conclusive RESEARCH
ON THE AGENDA
Approach subjective objective
Analysis
Inquiries, Investigations,non-statistical
and Immersion statistical
Data Collection unstructured structured

RESEARCH 101
Objective
Question
Sample
depth of understanding
Why? How?
small number of non-
level of occurrence
How many? How much?
large number of
Building on the Basics representative samples representative samples
Outcome develops initial Recommends final course
understanding of action
 variables.
UNDERSTANDING
This slideshow presentation is available for
VARIABLES
download through the courseCOMPARING
website:
□ Classify a variable in terms of
mathbychua.weebly.com. DESIGNS measurement
QUANTITATIVE scales
RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
ON THE AGENDA
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ✓ Collecting data based on words
✓ Exploring
Inquiries, a problem; developing
Investigations, a
and Immersion from a small number of
detailed understanding of a central individuals

RESEARCH 101
phenomenon
✓ Having the literature review play a
minor role but justify the problem
✓ Analyzing the data for
description and themes
Building on the Basics
✓ Stating the purpose and research
✓ Writing the report using flexible,
emerging structures and
questions in a general and broad way
evaluative criteria,
 variables.
UNDERSTANDING
This slideshow presentation is available for
VARIABLES
download through the courseCOMPARING
website:
□ Classify a variable in terms of
mathbychua.weebly.com. DESIGNS measurement
QUANTITATIVE scales
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
✓ Collecting numeric RESEARCH
data from a large
ON THE AGENDA
✓ Describing trends or an explanation of number of people using instruments
the relationship among variables
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion ✓ Using statistical analysis, and
✓ Providing a major role for the interpreting results by comparing

RESEARCH 101
literature
✓ Creating specific, narrow, measurable,
them with prior predictions and past
research
and observable purpose statements, ✓ Writing the research report using
Building on the Basics
research questions, and hypotheses.
standard, fixed structure. Approach is
unbiased.
 variables.
UNDERSTANDING
A variable
VARIABLES
download varies
through the and
course
□ Classify
This slideshow presentation is available for
has values.
COMPARING
website: The values of avariables
variable in terms of
under study are. the
mathbychua.weebly.com research data. measurement
DESIGNS QUANTITATIVE scales
Are these variables? chair, shape of table, tweet, shirt
RESEARCH QUALITATIVE
style. RESEARCH
ON THE AGENDA Classifying Variables according
to Scales of Measure
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

RESEARCH 101
ORDINAL
NOMINAL
RATIO
INTERVAL
IDENTITY MAGNITUDE EQUAL INTERVALS ABSOLUTE ZERO
Building on the Basics
Grading System

•Written Works- 35%

•Performance Task- 45%
•Quarterly Assessment-20%
Inquiry
•It is a question which you ask to get
some information. It is the process of
asking about or investigating something
to find out more about it.
Investigation
•It is a proper inquiry or efficient study.
Immersion
•It is the process of learning a skill by using
nothing else but that skill. It is the fact of
becoming completely involved in
something.
Research Study

•Research is like exploring things to

come up with the best idea/s to
respond to the needs of society.
Concept

• It is a conceptual representation abstract objects, or

abilities that make up the fundamental building blocks
of thoughts and beliefs
Activity: Write your own ideas on the importance of research
based in your knowledge and experiences. Copy the graphic
organizer and write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 2: Tell the different issues in the
society regarding your chosen field and write
it on a piece of paper.
Brainstorming

• is a way of inquiring ideas that will help you to

develop concepts and focusing techniques by asking
questions and knowing the interests of the persons
involved in the said issues. The potential ideas can be
visualized for interpretations
The following are the things that may be
considered before starting the
research activity:

1. A problem that is most interesting to you

2. Existing problems in the class/school/campus which one may

want to solve

3. Existing needs of the community or society

4. Area of interest, specialization or event from related fields

5. Prevailing theories and philosophy.

Criteria in Choosing a Research Topic:
1. It should be something new or different from what has
already been written about.

2. It must be original.

3. It should be significant to the field of study or discipline.

4. It must necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity.

5. It should be of researcher’s interest.

Criteria in Choosing a Research Topic:

6.It should be a modest one for a beginner to be

carried out within a limited period of time.
7. It should be clear, not ambiguous.
8. It should be specific, not general.
9. It should consider the training and personal
qualifications of the researcher
Criteria in Choosing a Research Topic:

10. It should consider the availability of data involved in the study and the
methods and techniques to be employed in gathering them.

11. It should consider the availability of effective instruments for gathering

the data and their treatment.

12. It should consider the financial capacity of the researcher to support the
project.

13. It should consider the time factor involved in the undertaking

Quantitative Research

•emphasizes the expressions such as

numerical forms, objective
measurements, statistical or
mathematical methods of collecting
data through polls,closed-ended
questionnaires and surveys
Qualitative Research
•It has a wider scope compared with quantitative
research. It is primary exploratory research. It is
used to gain understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations.It provides
insights into the problem or it helps to develop
ideas or hypothesis for potential quantitative
research.
 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF
QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Aspects Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Mental Survey of Reality Results from social Exists in the physical world; Has
interactions;superstitious beliefs, scientific basis
folk narratives,folklores and the
like can be subjects of qualitative
research
Researcher’s involvement with the Subjective; Always personally Objective; least involvement by the
object or subject of the study engaged researcher
Focus Often studies unknown or little Always studies well-known
known phenomena: Development phenomena; Tests hypotheses and
of hypotheses and theories theories
Research Plan Takes place as the research proceeds Research aspects are all planned
gradually before collecting data.
 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Aspects Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Behavior toward research aspects/ Preservation or conservation of the Control or manipulation of research
conditions natural setting of research features or conditions by the researcher
CARP

Research method in obtaining Multiple methods such as interview, Scientific method (one to two methods
knowledge focus group discussions, participant only) such as descriptive, comparative
observation, immersion or descriptive correlational

Purpose Makes social interactions Determines the extent of the program

understandable;explores complex implementation; Evaluates objectives
issues and interactions between and examines cause-effect
humans;Discuss reasons for the
existence of phenomena
 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Aspects Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Data Analysis Techniques Thematic Analysis;Clustering of Statistically-based methods: Usually
Ideas;usually inductive approach;Data deductive approach:RRL is used to
are reported in the language of the support or contradict the research
informants before translating them in findings;Data are analyzed through
English numerical comparisons and statistical
inferences;Data are reported through
statistical analysis

Style of Expression More inclined to purposive sampling Random sampling as the most
technique or use of chosen samples preferred technique in choosing the
based on some personal criteria; “to individual respondents;Using math
who you know’ are potential formulas in obtaining the sample size.
participants of the study

Expression of data, data analysis,and Verbal language Numerals, statistics,tables, graphs,

findings figures and words.
Direction: Read the given research scenario carefully and answer the questions
that follow. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Question 1:

1. Where is the locale of the study?

A.Bataan
B. Dinalupihan
C. Philippines
D. Singapore
Question 2
What is the objective of the study in the given
selection?
A. to uncover the history of the TFG program
B. to measure the effectiveness of the TFG policies
C. to identify the effects of the TFG to the community
D. to solicit the experiences of smokers and non-
smokers
Question 3

3.Who do you think should be the

respondents of the study?
A. residents of Dinalupihan
B. medical doctors and nurses
C. founder of the TFG program
D. All of the above.
Question 4

4. Who do you think will benefit from this

study?
A. community
B. local government
C. future researchers
D. All of the above.
Question 5
Why do you think there is a need to conduct this
study?
A. to gauge the status of the program
B. to see whether the program needs revision
C. to measure the compliance level of the
residents
D. All of the above.