English Home Language
English Home Language
Revision Material
© Colleen Callahan
SES: English
Nelson Mandela Bay Metro District
1|Page
Module 1: Types of Questions
Study the following diagram on the TYPES OF QUESTIONS.
2|Page
TYPES AND DEMANDS OF QUESTIONS
QUESTION TAGS COGNITIVE THINKING HOW TO ANSWER THE
SKILLS QUESTION
1 Refer to paragraph … Lower Order State in your own
What does the writer indicate about words √ as far as
… (2) possible what the
writer says about the
topic under discussion
in the given paragraph
√
2 Refer to paragraph … Lower Order Present in your own
Explain how … has influenced … (2) words √ as far as
possible what the text
says about how …
effects √ …
3 Give a synonym / antonym of … Lower Order Give the word of similar
meaning / opposite
meaning √
4 Give the root word of … Lower Order Give the original word
from which another
word has been derived
√
5 Identify the figure of speech in … Lower Order Write the name of the
figure of speech √
6 Refer to paragraph … Middle Order Make a point about the
Suggest why the writer starts the writer’s technique √
paragraph with …/ uses the word … and explain what is
(2) achieved by the
technique √
7 Comment on … /Discuss … / Explain Middle Order Make a statement
… (3) (point) √, explain your
point √ and refer to the
text (give evidence
from the text) to
support your
explanation then check
that what you have
written links with the
question asked.[Apply
the PEEL- rule) √
8 Compare … (2) Middle Order Present the
SIMILARITIES √ and the
DIFFERENCES √
between what you are
comparing
9 Rewrite the sentence in the passive Middle Order Convert the active voice
voice / indirect speech sentence / direct
speech into the passive
voice / indirect speech
3|Page
by applying the rules
you have learned about
passive voice / indirect
speech to the given
sentence √
10 Correct the grammatical error / Middle Order Rewrite the sentence
punctuation error correctly √
11 State why a literary device is effective Middle Order State what the device
… (2) emphasises √ and how
the device conveys the
message or highlights a
theme √
12 Describe the mood of a figure in a Middle Order State how the character
cartoon (2) is feeling √ by referring
to the visual clues in
the frame of the
cartoon where the
character appears √
13 Comment critically…/Critically discuss Higher Order Evaluate how successful
… (3/4) a text is in conveying
the message. √ Support
your evaluation by
making a point √,
explaining √ your point,
providing evidence
from the text √ (√) and
checking what you have
written links to what
the question asks.
Applying the EPEEL rule
(= Evaluation-Point-
Explanation-Evidence-
Link)
14 Discuss the theme of the poem / Higher Order Presenting your
novel / drama in a literary essay … discussion in an essay
Discuss the characterisation … / format. You begin with
Discuss the Imagery, Tone and Diction an introduction
of a poem … outlining your approach
to the question. In each
POETRY ESSAY = 1O marks paragraph you make a
LITERARY ESSAY = 25 marks point, explain your
point, and provide
evidence from the text
to support your
explanation. You then
write a conclusion and
check that your
response links to what
the question asked you
to do.
4|Page
TASK
Read through the following questions from the JUNE 2023 PAPER 1, and state whether they are
LOWER ORDER, MIDDLE ORDER, or HIGHER ORDER questions. Use the notes on the TYPES of
QUESTIONS and the DEMANDS of the questions to help you in deciding the type of each question.
5|Page
Fill in your answers in the table below.
QUESTION TYPE OF QUESTION (Is the question a LOWER ORDER,
MIDDLE ORDER, or HIGHER ORDER question?)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
6|Page
Module 2: Success in COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
TIPS
1. Circle the HEADING / TITLE. What does the HEADING / TTLE suggest that the text is
about?
2. Highlight the TOPIC SENTENCE of each paragraph. This is the sentence that includes
the main idea of the paragraph.
3. Read through the questions. Circle/Highlight the INSTRUCTION WORD and take
note of the mark allocation.
4. Look at the VISUAL TEXT (Text B ) and write a HEADING which summarises what
topic is addressed by the VISUAL TEXT.
TASK 1
Apply TIPS 1-4 to the following COMPREHENSION TEXTS.
7|Page
8|Page
9|Page
10 | P a g e
TASK 2
Answer the Comprehension Questions
11 | P a g e
Module 2: Success in SUMMARISING EXERCISES
Study the poster below which explains clearly what a summary is.
12 | P a g e
TIPS FOR WRITING A SUMMARY
1. Circle the HEADING / TITLE. What does the HEADING / TTLE suggest that the text is
about?
2. Highlight the TOPIC SENTENCE of each paragraph. This is the sentence that includes
the main idea of the paragraph.
3. CROSS OUT any examples, explanations, or repetition of ideas in each paragraph.
4. Read through the INSTRUCTIONS and highlight the steps of what needs to be done
in order to produce the summary.
TASK 1
Apply TIPS 1-3 to the following passage.
13 | P a g e
[Source: DBE, JUNE 2023 PAPER 1]
14 | P a g e
TASK 2: PLAN YOUR SUMMARY
Complete the following table to plan your summary.
15 | P a g e
Module 3: ADVERTISING
Features of an Advertisement
Study the graphic below
Text
Slogan
Logo
TASK 1
Circle / Highlight the following features in the advertisement on the next page:
• Visual
• Text
• Slogan
• Logo
16 | P a g e
17 | P a g e
The AIDA Principle in Advertising
We can analyse advertisements by applying the AIDA principle.
A the attention?
D advertisement appeal?
A advertisement?
TASK 2
Complete an AIDA table for the advertisement on the next page.
18 | P a g e
19 | P a g e
TASK 3
Answer the following questions on the advertisement on the previous page.
20 | P a g e
Module 4: CARTOONS / VISUAL LITERACY
Study the following pictures that show us the FEATURES of a
CARTOON
[Source: https://www.cartoonstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/terminology.pdf]
21 | P a g e
Some more Emanata
[Source: https://www.cartoonstudies.org]
22 | P a g e
Agitrons: Similar in function to blurgits, longer wiggly lines around something that is
shaking or vibrating.
Blurgits: Similar in function to agitrons, parenthesis-shaped symbols used to indicate less
intense movement, such as a nudge, shoulders shrugging, or slow walking (in a waist-up
shot).
Briffits: Clouds of dust that trail behind fast-moving characters, linger in the spot where a
character suddenly dashed out of frame, or appear in clumps when objects or characters
collide. Car exhaust can serve as a more realistic version of this.
Dites: Similar to vites, diagonal lines placed across glass surfaces (either reflective or
clear) to indicate sheen. In color comics these are sometimes filled in with white, or, in
more modern comics, replaced entirely with a semi-transparent airbrushed white line.
Emanata: Lines that surround a character's head to indicate surprise or shock. Visually
identical to solrads.
Grawlixes: Indicating swearing with non-alphanumeric characters such as stars, angry
scribbles, storm clouds (sometimes complete with lightning bolts), swirls, large
exclamation points, and skulls. Machine-lettered comics will often just use keyboard
characters. Walker identified a number of distinct types based on specific symbols, such
as jarns (curved or angled spirals), quimps (astronomical objects), nittles (stars and
asterisks) and true grawlixes (scribbles suggesting scrawled writing).
Hites: Horizontal lines that trail behind fast-moving characters to indicate motion. Usually
come in pairs. A variation is up-hites, which are vertical and appear above a falling object
or character.
Indotherm: Squiggly lines placed over an object to indicate radiant heat. May also appear
above the head of an extremely irritated character.
Lucaflects: Thinly-outlined shapes placed on shiny surfaces to indicate reflectiveness.
Often takes the form of a four-paneled window, most commonly on TV screens.
Plewds: Drops of sweat emanating from the character's head to indicate nervousness,
stress, or working hard.
Solrads: Lines proceeding from a light source. Visually identical to emanata.
Squeans: Bubbles and open asterisks (popped bubbles) that appear over a drunk or sick
character's head.
Vites: Similar to dites, vertical lines placed on bodies of ice to indicate reflectiveness.
Often placed directly under a character and filled with whatever color the character is.
Waftarons: Squiggly solid shapes that taper to a point on both ends, used to indicate
strong odors, either positive or negative (the former typically filled with white, the latter
with a sickly green). Warm food items (like a pie cooling on the windowsill) will typically
have small wafterons in place of indotherms to indicate both heat and odour.
[Source: https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/BriffitsAndSqueans]
23 | P a g e
TIPS WHEN ANSWERING QUESTIONS ON CARTOONS
1. Always back up your responses by referring to what you see in the cartoon.
2. Try and use the cartoon terminology (e.g. hites, frame, thought-bubble; speech-
bubble) when answering your questions.
1.2. Name this space
1.1. Give the name of this frame. between the frames.
TASK 1
24 | P a g e
1.4 Name these
symbols.
25 | P a g e
TASK 2
26 | P a g e
Module 5: USING LANGUAGE CORRECTLY
INFORMATION ON QUESTION 5
[SOURCE: https://juniortukkie.online/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/English-Home-Language-Paper-1-
Summer-School-exam-preparation.pdf]
27 | P a g e
[SOURCE: https://7esl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PUNCTATION-RULES-1-1.jpg]
28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
[SOURCE: https://www.brabynsprepschool.co.uk/assets/uploads/general/Useful-English-Spelling-Rules.pdf]
30 | P a g e
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Conveying the exact words of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to
another person is called ‘the Direct Speech’. Sam said, “I am going to the market now”.
Reporting of what a speaker said in our own words to another person without quoting his
exact words is called ‘Indirect Speech’. Sam said that he was going to the market then.
31 | P a g e
Rules of changing Direct into Indirect Speech
Changes in Tenses: The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses do not change.
When it is uncertain if the statement is true or when we are reporting objectively, the past
tense is often used.
32 | P a g e
Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing
distance.
Change of in Pronouns
The pronouns of the Direct Speech are changed where necessary, according to their
relations with the reporter and his hearer, rather than with the original speaker.
33 | P a g e
Changes in Modals
Imperative sentences consist any of these four: Order, request, advice and suggestion.
34 | P a g e
Changes in Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences express emotions. Interjections such as Hurrah, wow, alas, oh,
ah are used to express emotions.
[SOURCE: https://successmantra.in/blog/details/direct-and-indirect-speech]
35 | P a g e
CONCORD
Concord in language refers to Subject-Verb Agreement
[SOURCE: https://englishatoz24.blogspot.com/2018/05/subject-verb-agreement-with-example.html]
36 | P a g e
TASK
37 | P a g e
[Source: DBE, JUNE 2023 PAPER 1]
38 | P a g e
Module 6: PREPARING FOR PAPER 2
POETRY
A good way to revise your POETRY is to complete a SIFT table for EACH of your prescribed
poems.
Here is the SIFT Table
39 | P a g e
Here is a completed SIFT table for the poem HARD TO FIND
40 | P a g e
TASK
Complete a SIFT table for each of the remaining 11 prescribed poems
in your anthology.
41 | P a g e
REVISING THE NOVEL AND THE DRAMA
Completing a CAST table for your prescribed novel and drama is a good way to consolidate
your knowledge of the novel and the drama you have studied this year.
42 | P a g e
TASK
Complete a CAST table for the NOVEL you have studied this year.
43 | P a g e
TASK
Complete a CAST table for the DRAMA you have studied this year.
44 | P a g e
CHARACTERISATION IN THE NOVEL AND DRAMA
A good way to revise the characterisation in the Novel and Drama is by doing some exercises
in which you engage with how the characters are described in the relevant Novel and Drama
that you have studied.
The central bubble has the name of the character that is being described. Each small bubble
will contain a quality or description that the character has.
TASK
Create a BUBBLE MAP for the PROTAGONIST (the main character) of the novel you studied
this year.
45 | P a g e
For those of you who studied LIFE OF PI, set out your BUBBLE MAP as follows:
46 | P a g e
For those of you who studied THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY, set out your BUBBLE MAP as
follows:
47 | P a g e
TASK
You now need to compare your PROTAGONIST and ANTAGONIST (the character who opposes
or is in conflict with your main character). Using a DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP enables us to
compare characters. Remember that a comparison between two characters will involve
their similarities (shared qualities) and their differences (each character’s unique qualities
that are not shared with the other character)
48 | P a g e
TASK
Create a DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP which compares the PROTAGONIST and the ANTAGONIST in
the NOVEL your have studied this year.
For those of you who studied LIFE OF PI, set out your DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP as follows:
49 | P a g e
For those of you who studied THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY, set out your DOUBLE BUBBLE
MAP as follows:
TASK
Create BUBBLE MAPS for EACH of the other characters in the novel you have studied this
year.
OTHER CHARACTERS
LIFE OF PI THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY
1. The Author 1. Lord Henry Wotton
2. Santosh Patel 2. Sibyl Vane
3. Gita Patel 3. James Vane
4. Ravi 4. Mrs Vane
5. Francis Adirubasamy (Mamaji) 5. Lady Henry
6. Sitaram 6. Lady Agatha
7. Mr Satish Kumar (Biology Teacher) 7. Lord Fermor
8. Mr Satish Kumar (Baker) 8. Duchess of Monmouth
9. Father Martin 9. Victor
10. The Zebra 10. Mrs Leaf
11. The Hyena 11. Alan Campbell
12. The Orangutan 12. Hetty Merton
13. Mr Tomohiro Okamoto 13. Lady Narborough
14. Mr Atsuro Chiba 14. Sir Geoffrey Clouston
15. Meena Patel 15. Dorian’s victims
16. Nikhil Patel
17. Usha Patel
18. Auntiji
50 | P a g e
PLOT DEVELOPMENT
The plot development of a text can be summarised by creating the following PLOT DIAGRAM
based on Freytag’s Pyramid of plot development. The plot diagram looks like this:
TASK
Create a PLOT DIAGRAM like the one above for the novel you have studied this year.
51 | P a g e
THEMES
Every text communicates THEMES which are central unifying ideas and issues that emerge as
the plot develops.
A TREE DIAGRAM is a useful way to summarise how a theme is presented throughout the
text.
52 | P a g e
TASK
Create a TREE-MAP for each of the themes of the NOVEL you have studied this year.
The TREE-MAP for each theme of THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY will be structured as
follows:
53 | P a g e
Now create a TREE MAP for EACH of the following THEMES:
THEMES
LIFE OF PI THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY
1. The Nature of Storytelling 1. Beauty and Youth
2. Identity 2. The Consequence of Negative
3. Religion and Faith Influence
4. Belief 3. Art and Life
5. Heart vs Reason 4. Appearance vs Reality
6. Appearance (Illusion) vs Reality 5. Outer Beauty and Inner Depravity
7. The Nature of Survival 6. Art as a Mirror
8. Animal Psychology 7. Prejudice
9. Zoomorphism and 8. Hedonism
Anthropomorphism 9. Aestheticism
10. Family Dynamics 10. Addiction
TASK
Create a BUBBLE MAP for the PROTAGONIST of the DRAMA you have studied this year.
54 | P a g e
The BUBBLE MAP for Hamlet will look like this:
55 | P a g e
The BUBBLE MAP for Othello will look like this:
56 | P a g e
The BUBBLE MAP for The Crucible will look like this:
TASK
Create a DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP which compares the PROTAGONIST and the ANTAGONIST in
the DRAMA you have studied this year.
57 | P a g e
The Double Bubble Map for HAMLET will look like this:
58 | P a g e
The Double Bubble Map for OTHELLO will look like this:
The Double Bubble Map for THE CRUCIBLE will look like this:
59 | P a g e
TASK
Create BUBBLE MAPS for EACH of the other characters in the DRAMA you have studied this
year.
OTHER CHARACTERS
HAMLET OTHELLO THE CRUCIBLE
1. Gertrude 1. Brabantio 1. Mary Warren
2. Polonius 2. Cassio 2. Giles Corey
3. Horatio 3. Roderigo 3. Rebecca Nurse
4. Ghost (Old Hamlet) 4. The Duke of Venice 4. Reverend John Hale
5. Laertes 5. Montano 5. Elizabeth Proctor
6. Ophelia 6. Lodovico and 6. Reverend Samuel
7. Fortinbras Gratiano Parris
8. Osric 7. Clown 7. Betty Parris
9. Rosencrantz and 8. Desdemona 8. Tituba
Guildenstern 9. Emilia 9. Susanna Walcott
10. Voltimand and 10. Bianca 10. Mercy Lewis
Cornelius 11. Mrs Ann Putnam
11. Marcellus and 12. Thomas Putnam
Barnardo 13. Francis Nurse
12. Francisco 14. Sarah Good
13. Reynaldo 15. Ezekiel Cheever
14. Two Clowns (The 16. Marshall Herrick
Gravediggers) 17. Judge Hathorn
18. Deputy Governor
Danforth
19. Hopkins
20. Martha Corey
21. Ruth Putnam
22. Sarah Osburn
23. George Jacobs
24. Bridget Bishop
25. Doctor Griggs
60 | P a g e
TASK
Create a PLOT DIAGRAM like the one below for the drama you have studied this year.
61 | P a g e
TASK
Create a TREE-MAP for each of the themes of the DRAMA you have studied this year.
The TREE-MAP for each theme of HAMLET and OTHELLO will be structured as follows:
The TREE-MAP for each theme of THE CRUCIBLE will be structured as follows:
62 | P a g e
Now create a TREE MAP for EACH of the following THEMES:
THEME
HAMLET OTHELLO THE CRUCIBLE
1. Corruption and 1. Prejudice 1. Tolerance
Disease 2. Appearance vs 2. Hysteria
2. Death Reality 3. Prejudice
3. Appearance vs 3. Jealousy 4. Reputation
Reality 4. Reputation 5. Goodness
4. Insanity and 5. Family Relationships 6. Social Status
Reasoning 6. Murder 7. Ownership and
5. Revenge 7. Misplaced Trust Property
6. Religion 8. The Place of Women 8. Justice
7. Family Relationships in Society 9. Consequences
8. Love and Lust 9. Justice 10. Appearance vs
9. Justice 10. Consequences Reality
10. Consequences
63 | P a g e
Module 7: PREPARING FOR PAPER 3
HOW CREATIVE WRITING IS MARKED
The 50-mark question in SECTION A (CREATIVE WRITING) is marked according to the
following rubric:
If you PLAN well, then it should follow that you will do well in SECTION A of PAPER 3.
64 | P a g e
PLANNING FOR SUCCESS
The PLANNING process for CREATIVE WRITING includes:
1. Brainstorming (Writing down every thought that comes into your mind about your
chosen topic
2. Selection of NO MORE THAN THREE ideas from your brainstorming list. You will
develop your selected ideas into an essay.
3. Structuring of your ideas into a TREE-DIAGRAM showing paragraph division and
sequence.
4. Drafting of your ideas into an Essay
5. Editing your draft
6. The Final Product
The following PLANNING TABLE can be used to craft excellent responses:
WRITTEN WORK PLANNING
TOPIC
BRAINSTORMING
Spend 5 minutes
writing down as
many ideas as
possible that come
to mind about the
topic
SELECTION
From the
BRAINSTORMING
above, select NO
MORE THAN 3
points, which you
will develop in your
Response. List the
point(s) that you
have chosen.
STRUCTURING
Design your
MINDMAP where
you have sections
and a topic sentence
for your
INTRODUCTION,
each PARAGRAPH
and a CONCLUSION
DRAFTING and Use the planning notes in this table to write your FIRST DRAFT. Then
EDITING check and edit your response before submitting the task.
65 | P a g e
TASK
Complete a PLANNING TABLE for the topic of your choice from the following topics from
SECTION A of PAPER 2
66 | P a g e
67 | P a g e
68 | P a g e
[Source: DBE, JUNE 2023 PAPER 3]
69 | P a g e
LANGUAGE, STYLE AND EDITING FOR SECTION A OF PAPER 3
In order to earn a good mark for the 15-mark LANGUAGE, STYLE AND EDITING component of
the 50-mark question, it is important to develop your style of writing.
Learning how to develop your response by TELLING and SHOWING your story makes for a
effective and excellent style of writing.
70 | P a g e
TASK
71 | P a g e
72 | P a g e
73 | P a g e
74 | P a g e
75 | P a g e
76 | P a g e
TASK
Use the picture below to inspire you to answer the following questions:
77 | P a g e
SECTION B OF PAPER 3
Responses in SECTION B of PAPER 3 are assessed by the following marking rubric:
If you PLAN well and know your FORMATS then it should follow that you will do well in
SECTION B of PAPER 3.
Make sure that your Language usage and style are appropriate to the type and format of
writing that is required by the question.
78 | P a g e
TASK
Complete PLANNING TABLES for ANY TWO topics of your choice from the following topics
from SECTION B of PAPER 2
79 | P a g e
[Source: DBE, JUNE 2023 PAPER 3]
80 | P a g e