Web content management system BCA 6th sem

UNIT III
PLANNING AND DEVELOPING DYNAMIC WEB CONTENT:

Planning and developing dynamic web content sites Dynamic website A dynamic website
is a type of website that generates and delivers content to users in real-time, allowing for a more
interactive and personalized user experience. Unlike static websites, where the content remains
fixed and unchanged unless manually updated by a developer, dynamic websites can adapt and
respond to user inputs, database changes, or other real-time events.
Key features and characteristics of dynamic websites include:
✓ Content Generation:
• Dynamic websites generate content on the server side in response to user requests
or interactions.
• Content is often retrieved from databases or external sources and can vary based
on user preferences, actions, or the current state of the website.
✓ Interactivity:
• Dynamic websites are highly interactive, allowing users to engage with various
features, submit forms, and experience real-time updates.
• Interactivity is achieved through server-side scripting languages (e., PHP, Python,
Ruby) and client-side scripting languages (e., JavaScript).
✓ Database Integration:
• Dynamic websites frequently use databases to store and manage data.
• User-generated content, account information, and other dynamic elements are
often stored and retrieved from databases to provide a personalized experience.
✓ User Authentication and Accounts:
• Dynamic websites often include user authentication systems, enabling users to
create accounts, log in, and access personalized content.
• User sessions and account information are managed on the server to ensure
security and privacy.
✓ E-commerce Functionality:
• Many dynamic websites are designed for e-commerce, allowing users to browse
products, add items to a shopping cart, and complete transactions.
• Shopping carts, order processing, and inventory management are handled
dynamically
✓ Content Management Systems (CMS):
• Dynamic websites often employ Content Management Systems to facilitate easy
content updates.

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• CMS allows website administrators to add, edit, or remove content without the
need for extensive coding or technical knowledge.
✓ Real-time Updates:
• Information on dynamic websites can update in real-time, providing users with
the latest data, news, or changes.
• This real-time functionality enhances the user experience and keeps the content
relevant
✓ Scalability:
• Dynamic websites can handle a large amount of data and traffic, making them
suitable for scalable and complex web applications.

A static website is a type of website that displays fixed content to users and remains the same
unless manually updated by a developer. The content on static websites doesnot change
dynamically based on user interactions or real-time events. Each page of a static website is
pre- built and stored as HTML files, and when a user requests a page, they receive the same
content that was initially created by the developer.
Key features and characteristics of static websites include:
1. Fixed Content:
a. Content on static websites is constant and does not change automatically.
b. Any modifications or updates to the content require manual editing of the HTML
files.
2. Simplicity:
a. Static websites are typically simpler to create and maintain, making them suitable
for smaller websites or those with minimal content.
3. Ease of Hosting:
a. Static websites can be hosted on simple web servers without the need for complex
server-side technologies.
b. They are often hosted on platforms that specialize in serving static content.
4. Page Loading Speed:
a. Static websites generally load faster than dynamic websites since the content is
pre-built and does not require server-side processing for each user request.
5. Security:
a. Due to their simplicity, static websites can be considered more secure as there are
less vulnerability associated with server side scripting or database interactions.
b. Dynamic Website: Content updates can be automated, and changes are reflected
across the site without the need to modify each page individually.

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6. Cost-effectiveness:
a. Static websites are cost effective to host and maintain because they don’t require
server-side processing or database management .
7. Limited interactivity:
a. Interactivity on static websites is limited to hyperlinks and basic HTML forms.
b. Features like user accounts, dynamic forms, or personalized content are not
inherent in static websites.
8. Examples:
a. Brochure websites, where the goal is to provide information about a business or
organization.
b. Personal portfolios or resume websites.
c. Landing pages for marketing campaigns with fixed content.
Differences between static websites and dynamic websites:
1. Content:
❖ Static website: The content remains fixed and does not change unless manually updated
by developer.
❖ Dynamic website: content can change dynamically based on user interactions, database
updates, or other real-time- events.
2. Coding:
❖ Static website: built using HTML and CSS. Its simple and easy to create but lacks
interactive features.
❖ Dynamic website: involves more complex coding with server-side scripting languages
like PHP, python, or Ruby , enabling dynamic content generation.
3. Loading time:
❖ Static website: generally faster since all content is pre-built and doesn’t require server
processing for each user request.
❖ Dynamic website: may gave slower loading time as content is pre-built and does not
require server processing for each user request.
4. Scalability:
❖ Static Website: Typically, easier to scale as it involves serving pre-built files. Suitable for
small to medium-sized websites.
❖ Dynamic Website: May require more server resources as the server has to process
requests and generate content dynamically. Suitable for larger and more complex
websites.
5. Interactivity:
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❖ Static Website: Limited interactivity. Interaction is mostly limited to hyperlinks.

❖ Dynamic Website: Highly interactive. Users can engage with forms, submit data, and
experience real-time updates.
6. Examples:
❖ Static Website: Brochure websites, portfolios, personal blogs with fixed content.
❖ Dynamic Website: Social media platforms, e-commerce sites, news websites, and web
applications with user accounts. Dynamic Website Examples The internet boasts several
dynamic websites, but a few stand above the rest by having innovative and intuitive
features.
Here are 10 examples of dynamic websites with reasons.
1. Facebook generates personalized content based on the user’s actions. The things you see on the
website change depending on the accounts you follow, the content you’re engaging with, or the
people you have on your friends list.

2. Twitter, much like Facebook, alters the content you see based on different factors like your
search queries and public and private lists. In addition, your engagement, such as retweets and
likes, also prompts Twitter to generate content related to your past actions.

3. YouTube utilizes an algorithm that alters your feed based on the accounts you subscribe to, the
videos you watch, and other related content that aligns with your viewing habits. Google is the
world’s most popular search engine and one of the best examples of a dynamic website. The
search engine indexes billions of websites, both new and refreshed, utilizing its algorithm to
select, rank, and generate the best results for user- based queries

4. WordPress is a website creation platform that allows users to customize most of what they want
to showcase on their page. It’s a dynamic website because it automatically refreshes the content
in real-time, not only on your end but from the visitors’ point of view.
Creating Dynamic Web Content : Creating dynamic web content involves using technologies and
techniques that allow your website to display and update content in real-time based on user
interactions, database changes, or external data sources.
Here is a general guide on how to create dynamic web content:
1. Choose a Server-Side Language:
• Select a server-side scripting language such as PHP, Python, Ruby, or Node. This is where you
will handle server-side logic.
2. Set up a Server:
• Choose a web server (e., Apache, Nginx) to host your dynamic web application.
• Configure your server to handle the chosen server-side language.
3. Database Integration:
• Choose a database system (e., MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB) to store and retrieve dynamic
content.
• Establish a connection between your server-side language and the database.
4. Server-Side Programming:

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• Write server-side scripts to generate dynamic content based on user requests

• Use server-side logic to query the database, process data, and generate dynamic HTML or
other markup.
5. Front-End Development:
• Use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create the user interface.
• Employ a front-end framework like React, Angular, or Vue for a more interactive experience.
6. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML):
• Implement AJAX to enable asynchronous data exchange between the browser and the server.
• Use JavaScript to update specific parts of the page without requiring a full page reload.
7. Web APIs:
• Create or integrate with web APIs to fetch data from external sources dynamically.
• APIs allow you to access and manipulate data from services like social media platforms,
weather APIs, etc
8. Content Management Systems (CMS):
• Consider using a CMS (e., WordPress, Drupal) that provides a user-friendly interface for
managing dynamic content.
• Customize your CMS to integrate with your dynamic content needs.
9. User Authentication and Authorization:

Cascading Style Sheets:

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used for describing the presentation of a document
written in HTML or XML. CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, in
speech, or on other media.

There are three primary ways to include CSS in a web document:

1. Inline CSS
2. Internal CSS
3. External CSS

1. Inline CSS
Inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element. It is defined within the
style attribute of an HTML tag.
Example:
html
Copy code
<p style="color: red; font-size: 20px;">This is a paragraph.</p>

2. Internal CSS
Internal CSS is used to define styles for an HTML document within the <style> tag, which is
placed inside the <head> section of the HTML file. This method is useful for applying styles to a
single document.

Example:
html
Copy code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

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Web content management system BCA 6th sem
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
3. External CSS
External CSS involves linking to an external .css file from within the HTML document. This
method is useful for applying styles to multiple web pages, ensuring consistency across a
website.
Example of HTML file:
html
Copy code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
Example of styles.css file:
css
Copy code
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}
Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type
Inline CSS

Advantages:

• Quick to apply styles to specific elements.

• Useful for testing and troubleshooting.
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Disadvantages:

• Can become cumbersome and repetitive if used excessively.

• Does not promote separation of content and presentation.

Internal CSS
Advantages:
• Useful for single-page applications.
• Can be used to override external CSS styles.
Disadvantages:
• Styles are not reusable across multiple pages.
• Can lead to larger HTML files.

External CSS
Advantages:
• Keeps HTML files cleaner and smaller.
• Promotes reusability of styles across multiple pages.
• Easier to maintain and update styles.

Disadvantages:
• Requires an additional HTTP request to load the CSS file.
• Changes in the external CSS file will affect all linked pages, which might not always be desirable.

These three methods provide flexibility in how you can apply styles to your HTML documents,
each with its own set of advantages and use cases.

Here are some commonly used CSS tags and selectors:

1. Universal Selector: • * - Selects all elements on a page.
2. Type Selector: • h1, p, div - Selects elements based on their tag name.
3. Class Selector: • .classname - Selects elements with a specific class attribute.
4. ID Selector: • #id - Selects a single element with a specific ID attribute.
5. Attribute Selector: • [attribute=value] - Selects elements based on the presence or value of a
specific attribute.
6. Descendant Selector: • ancestor descendant - Selects all descendants of a given ancestor.
7. Child Selector: • parent &gt; child - Selects all direct children of a parent element.
8. Adjacent Sibling Selector:
• element + element - Selects an element that is immediately preceded by a specified sibling
element. 9. General Sibling Selector: • element ~ element - Selects all sibling elements that are
on the same level and have the same parent.
10. Grouping Selector: • selector1, selector2 - Groups multiple selectors to apply the same styles to
multiple elements.
11. Pseudo-classes: • :hover, :active, :focus - Selects elements based on their state.
12. Pseudo-elements: • ::before, ::after - Selects and styles a specific part of an element.

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13. Combining Selectors: • You can combine multiple selectors to target specific elements with
more precision.
These are just a few examples, and CSS provides a wide range of selectors and properties for
styling web pages. It&#039;s important to understand how to use these selectors effectively to
apply styles to the desired elements on your webpage.
Steps to create website using CSS :
1. HTML Structure: • Create an HTML file with the basic structure of your webpage. Include
elements like &lt;header&gt;, &lt;nav&gt;, &lt;section&gt;, and &lt;footer&gt;.
2. CSS Styling: • Create a separate CSS file and link it to your HTML file. Style your webpage
elements using selectors like body, header, nav, etc.
3. Basic Styling: • Apply basic styling to elements, such as setting font styles, background colors,
and spacing.
4. Community Building: Blogs facilitate interaction and engagement with readers through
comments and social media. A community can form around a blog, creating a space for
discussions and shared interests.
5. Thought Leadership: Professionals and experts in various fields use blogs to establish themselves
as thought leaders. By sharing insights, research findings, and expert opinions, they can
influence their industry and gain credibility.
6. Monetization: Bloggers can monetize their blogs through various means, such as advertising,
sponsored content, affiliate marketing, or even selling their own products or services.
7. Education and How-To Guides: Blogs are often used to provide educational content and step-by-
step guides. This could include tutorials, DIY projects, or in-depth explanations of complex
topics.
8. Journalism and Reporting: Some blogs function as independent news sources or platforms for
citizen journalism. Bloggers may report on current events, share investigative stories, or provide
alternative perspectives.
9. Creative Outlets: Artists, writers, and other creative individuals use blogs to showcase their
work, share their creative process, and connect with an audience that appreciates their craft.
10. Networking: Blogging can be a way to network within a specific industry or community. By
connecting with other bloggers and influencers, individuals can broaden their reach and
collaborate on projects. In summary, a blog serves as a versatile platform for communication,
self- expression, and information-sharing, catering to a wide range of purposes and audience.
Some of the blog sites-
11. Technology and Business:  TechCrunch  Mashable
12. News and Journalism:  HuffPost  The New York Times Blogs
13. Personal Development and Lifestyle:  Tiny Buddha  Zen Habits
14. Parenting and Family:  Scary Mommy  The Bump

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15. Travel:  Nomadic Matt  The Points Guy Creating own blog Creating your own blog involves
several steps, from choosing a niche to selecting a platform and customizing your design.
Here&#039;s a step-by-step guide to help you start your own blog: Step 1: Define Your Purpose
and Niche
16. Choose a Topic (Niche): • Decide on the main theme or subject of your blog. Consider your
passions, expertise, and the interests of your target audience.
17. Define Your Purpose: • Clarify the goals of your blog. Are you writing to inform, entertain,
inspire, or sell products/services? Step 2: Choose a Blogging Platform
18. Select a Blogging Platform: • Choose a platform that suits your needs. Popular options include
WordPress, Blogger, Medium, and Wix.
19. Purchase a Domain Name: • Choose a unique and memorable domain name for your blog. You
can purchase a domain through domain registrars like GoDaddy or Namecheap. Step 3: Set Up
Your Blog
20. Choose a Hosting Provider: • If you choose a self-hosted platform like WordPress, select a
hosting provider. Bluehost and SiteGround are popular choices.
21. Install Your Blogging Platform: • Follow the instructions provided by your hosting provider to
install your chosen blogging platform.
22. Set Up Revenue Streams: • Implement revenue streams, such as Google AdSense for ads or
affiliate marketing links, if applicable. Step 9: Regularly Update and Promote
23. Consistent Posting: • Stick to a consistent posting schedule. Regularly update your blog with
fresh and valuable content.
24. Promote Your Blog: • Actively promote your blog through various channels, including social
media, email newsletters, and collaborations with other bloggers. Starting a blog is an ongoing
process of learning and refining. Stay open to feedback, be patient, and enjoy the journey of
building your blog over time.
Creating and Managing a Blog site:

A blog is a type of website or a section of a website that features regularly updated content, often
written in an informal or conversational style. Blogs can be focused on a wide range of topics,
including personal experiences, professional expertise, hobbies, news, or any subject matter that
interests the writer. Here are some key characteristics and functions of a blog:

Characteristics of a Blog

Regular Updates: Blogs are updated frequently with new content, known as posts. Posts can be
added daily, weekly, or at any other regular interval.

1. Chronological Order: Blog posts are usually displayed in reverse chronological order,
with the most recent post appearing first.

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2. Personal or Informal Style: Many blogs are written in a personal or informal style,
allowing writers to connect with their audience on a more personal level.
3. Interactivity: Blogs often include features that allow readers to interact with the content,
such as comments, likes, and shares.
4. Multimedia: Blog posts can contain various types of media, including text, images,
videos, audio, and links to other websites.
5. Categories and Tags: Posts are typically organized into categories and tagged with
keywords to make it easier for readers to find related content.

Types of Blogs

1. Personal Blogs: Focus on the writer’s personal experiences, thoughts, and opinions.
2. Professional Blogs: Written by professionals to share industry knowledge, expertise, and
updates.
3. Corporate Blogs: Used by businesses to communicate with customers, share news, and
promote products or services.
4. Niche Blogs: Focus on a specific topic or industry, such as technology, travel, food,
fashion, or fitness.
5. News Blogs: Provide updates and commentary on current events and news stories.
6. Hobby Blogs: Centered around hobbies and interests, such as photography, gardening, or
gaming.

Benefits of Blogging

1. Communication: Allows individuals and organizations to share information, ideas, and

opinions with a wide audience.
2. Engagement: Engages readers through interactive features like comments, enabling
discussions and feedback.
3. Community Building: Helps build a community of readers with shared interests.
4. Marketing and Branding: For businesses, blogs can enhance online presence, improve
SEO, and establish authority in a particular industry.
5. Personal Development: Writing a blog can help improve writing skills, clarify thinking,
and establish a personal or professional brand.

How to Start a Blog

1. Choose a Platform: Popular blogging platforms include WordPress, Blogger, Medium,

and Tumblr.
2. Pick a Domain Name: Choose a unique and memorable domain name that reflects the
blog’s content.
3. Select a Theme: Customize the blog’s appearance with a theme or template.
4. Create Content: Write and publish blog posts regularly on topics of interest.
5. Promote the Blog: Share blog posts on social media, engage with readers, and use SEO
techniques to attract more visitors.

Example of a Blog Post Structure

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1. Title: Captivating and descriptive title to attract readers.

2. Introduction: Brief introduction to the topic.
3. Body: Detailed content, including subheadings, images, and other media.
4. Conclusion: Summarizes the post and provides a call to action (e.g., ask for comments or
shares).
5. Comments Section: Allows readers to leave feedback and interact with the writer.

Blogs are versatile and dynamic, serving as a powerful tool for communication, marketing,
education, and personal expression.

Creating own blog:

Creating your own blog can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience. Here’s a step-by-step
guide to help you get started:

Step 1: Choose a Niche and Define Your Purpose

1. Identify Your Niche: Select a specific topic or area of interest that you are passionate
about and knowledgeable in.
2. Define Your Purpose: Determine what you want to achieve with your blog (e.g., share
knowledge, build a personal brand, promote a business, etc.).

Step 2: Select a Blogging Platform

1. WordPress.org: A popular, self-hosted platform offering complete control and
customization. Requires purchasing hosting and a domain name.
2. WordPress.com: A hosted version of WordPress with fewer customization options but
easier to set up.
3. Blogger: A free, user-friendly platform owned by Google.
4. Medium: A simple platform focused on content creation and distribution.
5. Wix or Squarespace: Website builders with blogging capabilities and customizable
templates.

Step 3: Choose a Domain Name and Hosting Provider

1. Domain Name: Select a unique and memorable domain name that reflects your blog’s
niche.
o Use domain name registrars like GoDaddy, Namecheap, or Google Domains.
2. Hosting Provider: For self-hosted platforms like WordPress.org, choose a reliable
hosting provider.
o Popular options include Bluehost, SiteGround, and HostGator.
Step 4: Set Up Your Blog
1. Install Your Blogging Platform: Follow the instructions provided by your hosting
provider to install your chosen platform (e.g., WordPress).
2. Choose a Theme: Select a theme that aligns with your blog’s aesthetic and purpose.
o Free and premium themes are available on platforms like WordPress Theme
Directory, ThemeForest, and Elegant Themes.
3. Customize Your Blog: Adjust the layout, colors, fonts, and other elements to create a
unique look and feel.

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Step 5: Create Essential Pages

1. Home Page: The main landing page for your visitors.
2. About Page: Introduce yourself and explain the purpose of your blog.
3. Contact Page: Provide a way for visitors to get in touch with you.
4. Privacy Policy Page: Explain how you collect and use visitors’ data.

Step 6: Write and Publish Content

1. Create an Editorial Calendar: Plan your content schedule to ensure regular posting.
2. Write Your First Post: Start with an introduction or a post that sets the tone for your
blog.
3. Include Media: Enhance your posts with images, videos, and other multimedia elements.
4. Optimize for SEO: Use relevant keywords, meta descriptions, and tags to improve
search engine visibility.
5. Publish and Share: Publish your post and share it on social media and other platforms to
attract readers.

Step 7: Promote Your Blog

1. Social Media: Share your posts on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, and LinkedIn.
2. Engage with Your Audience: Respond to comments, join relevant forums, and
participate in online communities.
3. Guest Posting: Write guest posts for other blogs in your niche to reach a wider audience.
4. Email Marketing: Collect email addresses and send newsletters to keep your audience
updated.
Step 8: Monitor and Improve
1. Analytics: Use tools like Google Analytics to track your blog’s performance and
understand your audience.
2. Feedback: Encourage reader feedback and use it to improve your content.
3. Continuous Learning: Stay updated with the latest blogging trends, SEO techniques,
and content strategies.

Example of Initial Blog Posts

1. Welcome Post: Introduce yourself and your blog, explain what readers can expect.
2. Evergreen Content: Create posts that provide lasting value, such as how-to guides,
tutorials, or resource lists.
3. Personal Stories: Share personal experiences related to your niche to build a connection
with your audience.

Creating a blog takes time and effort, but with dedication and consistency, it can become a
fulfilling and potentially profitable endeavor. Happy blogging!

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