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4 views

Group 9

Project reports and presentation pdfs

Uploaded by

raghounsunita982
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SAMPLING

DESIGN
Presented by:
Harsh Kumar(24)
Mohit Singh(35)
Akhil Sharma(48)
Meaning
Sampling refers to the process of selecting a
subset of individuals, items, or elements from a
larger population to make inferences or
conclusions about that population. It is widely
used in various fields such as statistics, market
research, sociology, and ecology, among others.

Sampling design refers to the plan or strategy


employed to select samples from the
population of interest. It involves decisions
about the sampling method to be used, the size
of the sample, and the sampling technique,
among other considerations.
Need of 03. Accuracy
Sampling
01. Resource Efficiency
04. Time Efficiency

05. Accessibility
02. Feasibility

06. Risk Reduction


Probability Sampling Methods
Simple Random Sampling:
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Advantages: Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection,
minimizing bias. It's straightforward to implement and analyze statistically.
Limitations: It may not be feasible or practical for large populations or when a
sampling frame is unavailable.
Cluster Sampling:
The population is divided into clusters, and a random sample of clusters is selected
for inclusion in the study.
Advantages: Useful for large, geographically dispersed populations. It's cost-
effective and logistically feasible.
Limitations: It may introduce increased sampling error compared to simple
random sampling, especially if clusters are heterogeneous.
Probability Sampling Methods
Systematic Sampling:
The investigators select subjects to be included in the sample based on a systematic rule, using a
fixed interval.
Advantages: Easy to implement and suitable for large populations. It ensures even coverage
of the population and is more efficient than simple random sampling in some cases.
Limitations: Prone to periodicity if there is a pattern in the sampling frame, which can lead to
biased results.
Stratified Sampling:
The population is divided into homogeneous subgroups, and a random sample is
drawn from each subgroup.
Advantages: Ensures representation from different strata of the population,
leading to more precise estimates compared to simple random sampling.
Limitations: Requires prior knowledge of the population's stratification, and if
the strata are not well-defined, it can be challenging to implement effectively.
Non-Probability Methods
Snowball Sampling:
Initial participants are selected, and they then help identify additional participants who meet the
study criteria.
Advantages: Effective for hard-to-reach or hidden populations. Facilitates access to individuals
who may not be identifiable through other methods.
Limitations: Results may be biased due to the non-random nature of participant selection. It
may not yield representative samples.
Convenience Sampling:
Participants are selected based on their availability and accessibility to the researcher.
Advantages: Quick and easy to implement. Useful for preliminary research or when access to
the entire population is difficult.
Limitations: Highly prone to selection bias since participants are selected based on
convenience rather than representativeness. Results may not be generalizable to the wider
population.
Thank you
very much!

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