as a UNIT Funcluoas )pouikers , Srruckuss S — ~> Function > Pons by Valu, > Pos by seferonca > Recurswh => Pouwrters > defaitwon > Eniltalzation > poikess avithmolc >shuctures and ano > desiutesn D>shucture with Wh a >onons P Pooqrams — using > stosaga. clanes > pre psocanoy directives, shucktuy © 2 ce DS wes Tao and were shructtus@ cand wr r._ \ 3 yur Lot ; . and unoens Functions ,posibers sstuctwres S25 AN Conuge of Functor SA Suncton & a SelF conkeunad block Of poogram — Stalarnent's thak pessorrna A pewsHealary banle. - FSunctwoo , pradures yonly sc hap no Seangey pouk ¢ oy enan ©) eka. lots oF Obra 4 Suncteons , can wrike thoy dito > Cc providas additen , the Ppravam mars: and una. tham , Sunctwy es cablack mou) c) erocukton boguvs - own — Sunetrers >The spectol Gy Gone: | AGC Why oe Tunctwh neadad 7 — eanies ko understand | Te makes porgrarnuy oP & Preatam and = marian buy, breakeung Bro early — mangaoable chunks, &. We man Progra can Consvite of q sexes of funcktoM Cally ~sathay than Countlan Linon of toda . & Well written functors may be veurad wr multiple — programy. As Funclkwonw can bao usad tO Ppookect dabq.work On ONay leloack “pc: che workload “yy 5. Higvemonk — pwogrammon S Lange. prject 6o" divide coviteng Aicgewonk functod ° Yssroy function > c psgxams contexn akloarnk one Sen ction exoukton staxts . cabled , the coda, we exacted ond conte tA called PHD OD ushaxe Swheny & Sunckwon wo Sunction han Siaiahad onmecnbing ) ake whieh ERak Panckon (onkounad Ena chen tha Sanckten Lr —e war coltod - Function — poototypa daclovrakvon poaboke ae a ; coritten Sencha rn 8 pega » A WOOK crowd — resmalby P daclomay paver to 46 wan eo compiler bo POstowm by po. credeiny oN axqumans vad wm 4B pot stollamrank =F collng combruct . he. aprox od form vetwen bapa function nama Cdatatypa veri) ++~)) y ey *BeWEN Ly Fi , PA Func name C 7 deka-tyno Ost): chose aw. & patho of dS, parts ch this declaration a Funct nama > As bb the nem ‘ tha Function " Qweh Eo2 vergakuwin aka tue. > Tis opedifias tre type OF fore Gan a eee] construct Fe dokatype dst > Shu Dak specter tha date typa of each OF tha. vawabla ,the values ane expecad bo be \ransmitted by tho. colina, comb uch to the function examples oF doclanakveh w& floak Proc Catook a) 2 ¥) double powie? Cdovble, uk) 5 Function deyseten 5 The Clsctan of progeayy ce that — darnesibon the specttic ; Sunctwoy cabled aq functeon statements bask clone by the dopratisn . st eonsts of @ the sunctios headay A ee ede ne eee of Coda enclomad oun parmen thane. Dome general — form ~sekwin—dakatypa Funct name (dak—-ESRe Vor! doka-typa varioblaay - - »> /* Sunchon bedy %/ iy A funetion that hay and — deo» rot Ro, Peoreungite 2 ae. Valiig ould , ee rerehove the PUlowengy hoadas Suncheon name cvotdy Noid ssetwin dtallacnant “ he gerorad Soxm of tha, wekUNO Stadamont wd» a csckus EPSESSEN 4 (or) f arekus Coupress=h ) 5 Croraple deunelude Z sted ND tls cum Cuik jk)? Wis mous CD 5 a Vanjable name = Sunchor name. (vars 1, Yor &y ae to bo porned 4p Akos cvsp_ 0 ausquamnonts tA the Sanchon , the cusayucnonk vor A, thon Tne catlers ctataproat would ho Sunehos — name Cy", Shee on, oN muter for pasemebers whem rut bo a c pega % Tha number OF pewomekors we the cetual and Sosmo) —- pasamoker Lats must kha Conedtenk - * Paramekes apppctakiay Ae Us Posittanak . This creamy = thak = Sivak actual pasamekat owerponds to the tivsk Sov mah poremeley and so on, + Actual 2 formal paramekers Munk bo oF — Compas) ble. data typos,@ “ Cok by Value —mochantom . cnet are data bo q The vechnuguo used FO paso b Sunckioh ds Frown an pasrameker — prong . Sy p_eta wo porpad to a Sunchen eoung Spo og the wo Lech maton 1s Pans by Nalkue ov colt by Nola Q. Pan by wefevenca of calh by Befermence. Pan by Yalu ~ Soo by value o¢ call by Valuo_ a copy of tha data od made and the opy dy Gank to tha = functon. o . >, Plas os Noaluos Noth uw tha vrgumond ame. Panned by Kee Sunefion cath to the Sexmal posormoboxs ag bho Volua exemple caltad uncteop {tha Wa ay gumenty remains “MNchengad . druiclude 2 staes > Wale mak by tole eum) | te ath cvoid) P be “Sonu y num = 3, FEES OR pum bajora -funebio calt run) eulk = mub—by_to(num)) PrAks CYA Qykor Cuncted eatt!, wast) WEE OY a py Oo mun = a" nen)? wou 0%,olp 4 take muh iby lo Cuak nn) num=3 & ¢ \nogero funchot call num ¥% slo 5 senulk = 20 selurn sem’, agtet Fumcton Num 23. 5 ver Tho renitt obtamed — fron tha poogsam shows thet ho attempl to wrodify tho, atopemmonks of the — funelicn han Aoulad .Ghiy Longorery Ee emigtnet value. of RUM “semManns untouwchod, - fen by seferance. > Thi techmgue vaad to send tho addwess of tho data vathor nan 4 Copy. S Here tho — Callab = Suncteon can chang o| the cvigeial data oe cAllND Function) > enfortunakdy c does nop Suppost thin Paso Py sepmen@ techno > cath PY sefemenca. doas not ext wc, bur Be can be stenulolad through tho tas of pouiters . $e he Function \cnows whose the vedluo the Varsialolo os wo wHHOMEKY yak will ba abla te aceeay — thok aren, of Momery, by LOLng powitess and — changa hh Content. This uy know on cath by addnxess . exanaple Swap Cx, &y) > 22Sye AdAHOSE sua the cparckor & gonducos tha. adeivess t 5 puter FO - of a vastabla, AX WD % P' ‘rewritten bY a or anu cath toy addsess - jeuiclda Lstdod WS : vord ewap Cait: KO juve *b) dt temp 4 temp = #4 | *a = ebS %b= bemp 5 3 uk man Cc) t We wee , 4 eit, Vor§ swap Cb %& , nk x) a ’ pubs O8 7A Za An” 2%)DS swap C&%, &4) : puke (8 72a 7d \0, YDS eee exekrenes | ace] ale, ik ma cd — | Nawreladdres A oo al Ww 2000 e r 7 wk y =tos] Yy 2002 lo fo Ss : oa oe ee loca aes 1 . sonptige 6) b 3062 | 2002. , | | the temp |, temp | Hore | qportroq temp = 44%, | comp | rove |S He's Hey ya | 2000 |\to 3 Fh akemps | #l | Foor | Sx n ow Recusston p08 > Recursive function AB ona thak coll, dksoy divectly oF wndiveckly te Solve senator Verse OF ie Eaale AKT eral eal, whith loos nek FegieS calk ast & lika q top down appsoach, bo povteloen solving 5 ub divides = tho. program wile flews oy selactg ona kay step, postponding tho sesk . whak a neoded 5 canplasranteng secures ? % dewinpositeo| ako smoalley prblens 0.6 Same. typo. FReeussive cally munty dieing h pobleom sizo *neamity of bers cang , % Base Cora mut ba Yeachod | Zt ack . : . | * cs op a Koonin aking conditecs jy. KFE wD the buddiny blo b calukis'n, ey bo tho complete Presa — Lox x as Cths twa \paro cana) golve ak divectly elso. Bedajno tha porblom Fours op uentronn thon DLAg TECUF sroy) . fan axisa fox comma cteng QA secussive solukioh | thoy, omo_1. How can the, problem ke Aad A been” Me of Mere smalloy Poblonn of the, Same bype 2 Q- what avkenca oF the problem Con some ar Ye bars coro? 3. As tha poblom Size Aimuushos , will Hhis ane — cCO0 ba Seached ? 85, 4- How S tha solution = Som, tho. Smablan/ poollery unad to build a covrect Solubisy to Era cement = are gone povblam 7 te shesasci aan The Sequence. Ny1,213, &,%, 13, AW, 24, athe 34 kewm of the Sequence bs tho. sum’ ef tha Sivst andl Seton Lermy. Sho Sows bosm Ww tho sum Of tho_ cewnd and hivd tesm 2 30 on . Mre. proben ow Eo compute the Valco of be bess Yecussi ely, yok —FibCo) dopote tha. nth bovm of re Fiponacey Sa wonta.. Powe quertwep cuvise Be ey 2 oe polom ba dofinad Ww hexm of ora as move — Smalbor problory of bho Some. Lypo 7 fib) = Sib Cn-a) + Fib (H-1) for wd2. hn ~*eartsive elation “bodutoy 9 New pointee what nian of he. Prblamn can sosve! J ay tho Pane cana? : one met be caspefiuh when sole bing { the aaa cape. this situck oA \ fos amtampe 73 One sunply Saye "eat | GCD dy — Bre age CAO whak heppens Sibl called 2. . Finca) iy Fiblo)> Fibcry bok fible) » candgyencd Sans Makes HbA) undojndd .Shosesore , ak wy necasasy FO Qe eipcay explicrt dobinsteon, m ,ko maka jk oa bana casa Aso Sib) 2\ Soe nal gibt@) 2) for ED Two bane Como UDR NECAADASY \ecausa_ theye sa = WO smallax ~ psvblem | * AS tho poobloon ai20.0— dLiminishon Psi\y seach thane. «(082 conan ? As nv Q nor Nagokive Wkegon and cach coh EO Ma function il) Taduco. the patarnaleh n by 1 of 2, the bern coo Hel) nar will ba xeached > Wow aoa the — Soluttony fom tho smallo pooblomn ured to bud Q Covsect Solubroy to Me = Cwerent Jars gon problem , choeo coh one ree ceussl Vv ae emo ES ys Linoo Becursion > o> past of tho carsd ork of a songle secure Ss) VO x Won Junoon ‘secussoy — Move can a covered out A> paste pecs S}VO proasy, prowan. than one— secur sien “6 og tho ome cection op a sug aMulud teewrseh > Ea Tunetienn mut bo Asfendd somo orden Thy moans thal: Q call ef aklaast ona Funcheoyy must ba Compiled hoJore ibs dofiniteon A Sean, = gibenacei problem, datinition $ib6Cn) = ' CO aes Fibocnn) + $i botn-2) cthoswise | Se sucludo LAskdio. h> Huiclide ae SoC 5 Wk mas ¢> Fue sy 5 | PEALE OWN Ene Seon gon yy aay, the mumbey o¢ texms’! ): 0g Cleo gt PSOE COW evox —Numbor of bexeny is ae retinas POUL Fibonace; ; venta > For Qaisjeri 3 yy? 75 | SU Pela os eH) 5 a fib Cui: vat) ALA <=2) ven 1; | —— = voter nib vat 1 +F1bCvad 2) |Pounters 3.06 Thrroduction > CG pmgrammea,s vse pouiters becauaa thoy make tho todo Moro efpicient > Posters seem to maka the toda harpdox to undesstand , Nadersineding memory address | > AW computers hana Primary Momor y ASO Known ay RAM | > AU the vaytables wad uf a PPG any sesida =u) Ee Memos , when the. program as execlad | Dvesiiables cen ba Stosrad uw several Placay memory — dapanding oon Hate Detetuma . Veayailes the eva dainc} © Ouk sida any Fenton | and — vanebloy thak ame dopnad uistalo a | Penctrs, aD stah a Newsiabless arth — for tha, Diereters og the. pravam 's erecnklioy Toag_ Nostyeblos are sloved tre dak Segment, 2Jrere mnoyy be Sevara) — global Veuriobloy deca 4 ha pogunen but thay sill rot stowed cankrguounly, : Adésess opartaker (2) FN , Several plaas & SBN & wood | Fer — enampla Seong (8 yA” j Bn):Foren Whe ‘pale Som tho bersmirial and share, we wh valegon Soxenale tho Variolla. harmed! ir 2Wra sgn & Wicolds to tho addness Marrory of the lesen on, wk ons >The — Compilesy tren nV Praonn the Volue of NM, and Bp mean nia addveac. > Win am possand Ca Vitor ohh mmaany ‘ J addsess of Wr s=35 Ths décdemieay tell, to o oie ¥% serene Space vd eames Y eo hold the_ calgon valiuo . , %& aanoeiabo. \ro. mame kh DIK Ahn Momosy Docakto ry we Store We Nalua 3 ak Hud lecakten 5g. mameny MAP DVATAIS2ATE. ooking ; Shs oddyecs can be psd by wong ) h . prunk$ O'\n Addwess Of pe vulo ai) S ofp wil te Diet W1 S24, Zu & uns@rad Ak - Why 29 unavgred — pouitet show nok ba wand? a ee pounter : Attempting bo une a — daclnah pontey emuct. . rob oiVnoul> Sesh OADBNNG hk gq Velug 4 Te a good idea -. 7 doclaseng a varablo 24 08) atkompt als Value withouk aosgning gonbaoge Velue > Aslor B modo bo ovtput a valkuo , tho sgonulk Ug panker > A pointes poovrden QA Way OF acewaning ko the Nariable A vaniable — witoul —-seqeroreng Avectly DA peuites vasrable uv a varsiabla thak hos Hho memos y addwess of enothot vor table . 5 A pote, — powts to that Varroa hy holdung a copy of Ws &e addswesS. Becaurg a porter holdd an addvess Sathon than q Value, ik = han Q pests *So pouites ikset, holds tha addness XThe address pots bo a vole Feclenwg — o pouites 5 Fhe variable wy Q pEgram ,% powtey han to ka doclaved , & Wil howe q volo , a nemo . A seope pa MFekune , > The pownter oparator cwatlable uf ec \ valu ak — addrany’ Oponatoy, i & ‘*', called Tk wetwsny valua stored ak a particulary | addiess . Nhe syntax uw e pouiters_ vantabla:, dokakupa data, dokatype > type ofexamp la cha *PEY 5 we ps5 p d an wegon. “kr AP DD PHA pownten to an wlegey . chat Pp > P o a chacacte4 ; char *p D> PA a powitex to an chova clei. exemple apanicluda Zsldes. h> Uk mad ¢c ) Fate AP ploak *Y > double *¥ > y punts CAn the size OF légen pouter 47d, Si2204(P)) 5 ; 1 prenk Ff (Mn tha size oF flock ponte 4 yd, S\2004 )) 5 a pret Crip bre si2Q of double parter % a, S\2204 C6) j . }) poankF (ln the size OF chasactex pousilor & 4 eiza09 Cchor *))5 sokwin, 05 . ole. dhe size og Wldgox porter Qe ’ oy gtpal> u eos Whe oo 1) Avwble_ n Xs Qa We i Chaxackoi rt BWWhere Gq pewter glored? 4 A powter Aitio. any othos vanrable. os ha] Sense that ik wequixves aleraga, = SPace, sommawhoga wi the ceonpukor 's memory . said Bang pou 2X > fo ialyead ith a speaftad A powtey mu) address psios to ib, ano. The Storing POTSNEN akbo- shows how to a2 the adisess operator to aangn tho addisess oF a Variable bo & poster - ole | arniclada zsrdis WS Tho addon Of Lusunp Bream cy mk moun c) he addon oF wena hea” g tale Tete oor Psi, wie pty zahs ; n. PrAaks On The adhress of 4 voing, 2pam W 7.P 78a), prenk $0%\n Tha addvess oF L vriny per 7p PR)’, | 2 rselinnn 0° e Ool2pedy OolZ Fee : “ potter pouting to wnlagon vastiabla ¢ es Uk 223" . hang - 7 . Chee pouttess powsFeng fo the wi iw ’ e sams. Vaxjahle exes, Za ais S=P paring powter value 5 A poutes vasioble contains a addwess thot pauls a. bo anotha varioble .a Buicludo std. wept ; te moat CD pases ina) m : = 22 EG AS Tae asio 4P > Pp = oo22FF p saa, poe OD p=7p” Pp» selurn Oy 3 sndivection _openetics & Adawoss of cponakos and nergferon cing (a) > st oy asad an A froaslolod aus addrravy Nariabe poor and can ho os/. so everabla SoS pa soodk aN addmary os vasralle - se Hepajoronce, oporrator Cx) D> Fr con boa bsenslolied by Valus poured hy os ‘value oF address” _ SE aeuicludo pull ¢ A Ska BD & comb | uw te Standad — libsany Pann that “ dopinad © 2oxo for 4 pouiter . equavelonl aes SSS esch Mavclude dsteleo.h> op AE Maui cy Ane valuo oF PY O- i . wae AP, penuh, ‘ prues (Uy The Velue of pcr Zee? PIS mtu 0, 3 Pontey — arithmetic ad po doclavrad ay a poutor har been (AtHtabiead popes buy poutess cure vasiabla of any bypa St ' Ge ony Valid — oPanokcond O17 ar Follews aAssgnment of pointers to the Sama ype ef pourleis Adding oF cubbrackag o& pouter and an “lyon % subbsackig oF comparing, two posters that pant Ee tna element 9§ the avery se Tneremoghud ot docwemonting tha powbers thal poulk to tra clamonts of the asray x Assgong — fra value 09 bo He pointer vostade and comparing © wilh ee pouwttex The Sollowme a valhmelic operat cony cart ba dona with the powiters aS Addit tory eh to patexs, 4 Mubkiplyung a pokes wih a Humber . + divides powiter WH a number Assgnmont => Assgnment openekoys ca ba_ Ud with, the Folloureg condttop - : * Ano Sa hand Cpanand wo oa powiter & tha. FB hand opsrond Ba nul poedken+ ore F epanany . wd wy posites oF cicemparikle type & the ko veick % Rothe tro operands ase pomtoss Lypor ae Bcluda dJstdia HS Ak Man o> “Wk g=55 wie SEP SD void FVPL ap skal, ve = ip’ punk Q@\w Sve =v, # Cue % wR) 5 AP uNP - pranks Cun sip avd, vip); Wekuyn o'; Addition ox sublscictcop WIth cnlégen \dditron oe Suphsectcen © Go pd a powter to an elemeni tren Pah counts. to kre next . ecares Ys on Be. 5 ocx te elemerks auidudadstds n> wk moan C) Aan Tae aL }= Sto, 32, 6, 1523 Se, eile ee Uk SsEmM=0'1, EE paras Sox (ito c25 Lids) sum += KP eat E 3 panes OVA" Sem) ) ce ore Ee) aSublraction of pousterrs ee Pa-M=3 23 per. Pl and p2 asa powiters Powiteng to Yho cloronls of tha Sama SEAN. Prom thd, ab can a concluded — Hho tha kwo pouters cure Sebbadled SThosesore pouikes subwaction & Valid . Soiven oo pouitex S pod 4 6 +ho same kypa , tra dafgorson co P-y Won A Je) sur tek adding lke tO 4, yields Pp .The— west UW postebla a usu |) iy, choy, pow to Hho. clomonli, of the samo assay | Hurclude Latdus sD Ak met ¢’) Pdowle ABP) #2) ce Pz%> Y=P+)> prukg (&7AND, YP DS sekusn 07, comparing poutters ce allows pontecs each other. gs to ‘po kwo comparted ily powters Compara equal to each other» Hho they potik to the samo frueng Aruiclude Z atdis WS We ena CY Tae ALD = Sho 20,30, 40, Sods ele A lo we Ly ee oo Ser Cpsa y pLzaryy prs) 30 Pout $C ZANT) ¥P)- 4° Thun o 5 a sopantess| be penters - De altos tho are ef posters thek pork and these Lun porns to date, bo powite S Nemo uo only read bo add cin cukesisk (ey) Ue os Mme +P, 4. pouter to an AK AKT ) 4 powitex bo a (e Alegent inter Fo an ilagan. eS sa o =ap, | q 2 a4 @k-BEKEI , Here 4 B HFG, poe: as df they ovo punted ariclude. Zstdes ND v Ake read C? a _ ass ae. a Al PRED er praa. ee a= ee . parks (SSn P= mal xe, penef (Xn HALE ZA Vee Ws spckury 0) q @ L ° beso 6es5s0 boss 8