Capstone 1
Capstone 1
By
Sumalinog, Jameson M.
Researchers
May 2024
APPROVAL SHEET
M. Sumalinog, and Aziel Faith D. Tasil, in partial fulfillment for the course Capstone,
JULIVER V. SEVILLA
Capstone Adviser
i
ABSTRACT
Asgal, S. et.al. (2024), Iwag: A key device for improved visibility. oha
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praise and thanks to God, Almighty, for the wisdom and
strength that he gave to us every day for not leaving by our side throughout our
The researchers would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to
our research adviser, Mr. Juliver V. Sevilla, for providing us invaluable supervision,
guidance, and support during our research study. We would also like to thank him for
his empathy, patience, and knowledge that he brings to us. It was a great privilege and
honor to work and study under his guidance, as well as for their words of
encouragement during those nights that we’ve spent making the research study.
Finally, we’ll give our dearest appreciation to ourselves for accomplishing this
research very well and for our teamwork by helping each other.
iii
DEDICATION
The researchers want to extend our gratitude to everyone who has believed in,
supported, and contributed to our project with the most profound appreciation.
The gratitude we express to our friends and advisers for all their help and
support during this journey. Your knowledge as well as your opinions have been
The researchers are grateful to our group members and contributors for their
creativity and knowledge have been crucial to improving the potential of our product.
To our friends and family for their unwavering support, tolerance, and
understanding throughout this demanding and fulfilling process. Our commitment and
This research paper is dedicated to all those who have contributed to the
belief in our initiative and guidance and will always be appreciative of what you have
contributed. The researchers appreciate your support during every stage of the
journey.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................ii
Dedication.....................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents..........................................................................................................iv
Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................1
Project Context...........................................................................................................1
Conceptual Framework...............................................................................................2
Statement of Objectives...............................................................................................3
Technical Background.................................................................................................5
Operational Definition of
Terms...................................................................................6
Studies.....................................................7
Review of Related
Literature ......................................................................................7
Methodology.............................................................................................................13
Requirement Analysis...............................................................................................15
Requirement Documentation....................................................................................16
v
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion................................................................................
Results.......................................................................................................................
Chapter 5: Recommendations......................................................................................
Conclusion................................................................................................................
Recommendations.....................................................................................................
References....................................................................................................................19
Appendices...................................................................................................................
Curriculum Vitae..........................................................................................................22
Figure 2. Schematic
Diagram.......................................................................................5
Figure 3. Requirement
Documentation......................................................................16
vi
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Problem Context
The absence of streetlights has been a pressing issue in the country of the
Philippines. With the heightened crime cases such as sexual assaults, the issue with
scarce lighting in local areas was a contributing factor to a series of petty crimes such
as snatching and robbery. According to a news blog (Sollano, 2014), the lack of
streetlights in rural areas has been a major aspect of these series of crime due to poor
visibility.
The Philippine’s local areas especially rural areas have been facing the same
adversities of not having adequate street lighting due to the remoteness of the area.
The dangers of the dark streets and alleys pose significant threat to citizens residing in
the area. According to Basilio (2008), homeowners especially women and teenagers
experience higher level of crimes when walking home. Thus, presenting the
imperative feature of having streetlights in the local routes to ensure the resident’s
safety.
Light not only provide convenience but also security, it has been beneficial for
many people. A very common example of a light source is a flashlight. It has been a
household item and serve as a light source coupled with multiple usage, whether there
importance of light source in conquering darkness from lamps made from available
resources to the first incandescent flashlight invented in the 19th century. In 1902, the
first practical flashlight was introduced to the market signaling the evolution of
1
torches, from lamps to tube flashlights, and the latest innovations of portable
flashlight.
device that sought to offer a light source with long lasting CR2032 batteries that can
be replaced and accommodates a key that is safely enclosed by the designed exterior
material of the device to prevent misplacement. The light source placement at the
edge of the device not only can be used to illuminate the dim path but it also enables
efficient guidance to the keyway of the doorknob when trying to unlock your doors in
dark places.
The study aims to innovate a practical device for an effective utilization for
several purposes such as opening doors and padlocks while providing safety light.
household items that can contribute to heighten safety measures. This device serves a
more efficient purpose that resolves the issue of being hassled while unlocking doors
and locks especially in environments with poor lighting. The researchers aim to
determine how effective the device would be in improving the lives of its potential
users.
Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework arranges the concepts of the variables that are related
to one another. The interplay of the pre-development phase discusses the device
shema, project objectives and utilizing the device materials for the initial design. The
2
product will be developed and tested for its functionality. The intended outcome is the
Statement of Objectives
doorknobs/padlocks and the use of the Iwag in low-light conditions. The exact goals
1. What are the problems encountered by Iwag in terms of signal transfer from
3
Future Researchers
The study is useful to future researchers. The study adds to the existing
literature that the researchers might use as related literature for their study.
Household Owners
The study is useful to household owners. The Iwag device help household
owners in terms of their convenience in opening the doors of their houses, especially
at night. The product gives them an easier, faster, and hassle-free way of opening their
doors.
Key Owner
The study is useful to the key owners. The Iwag device helps them open doors,
and padlocks. The device helps them utilized a light source to guide them a smooth
Manufacturing Companies
night. The product might be a selling point for the market and boost the income of the
company.
Learners
The study's findings are helpful to the learners. The learners can take
inspiration from the study for their academics, like Practical Research 2, Capstone,
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion, and others that are related to research and
and portable nature of this study makes it a useful lighting tool. By utilizing efficient
4
LED technology and simple activation processes, it aims to offer customers a user-
batteries called CR2032 battery. The Iwag is made to work mainly with house keys
and padlocks, it features an LED light source that makes it easier to see and reach
when opening locks in dimly lit areas. Iwag has a push button, with an integrated
safety compartment for keys that can accommodate various sizes. The researchers
evaluated the device’s design and will be marketed to homeowners and key users. The
device’s functionality assessed but it will not be compared to the existing key holders
Technical Background
convenient and easy-to-use tool. Firstly, for the interior of the product, the proponents
used a repurposed circuit board and button from a small guitar tuner. With a soldering
iron, wires were connected to the battery with their respective negative and positive
terminals to light up the LED bulb. Incorporating the use of white LED light into our
study not only provides a standard for lighting application but is also comfortable for
the human eyes and perception, especially when the device will be used in areas with
poor lighting.
attached with screws to keep it in place. The switch can be activated by pressing it,
signaling electrical flow throughout the component of the device, and initiating the on
Lastly, using CR2032 lithium coin batteries for our study is ideal because of
their compact size, it only requires minimal space inside the device. The button cell
5
has a longer shelf life and can provide continuous service. Since this kind of battery
has low self-discharge, it can hold its charge for a long period of time when not used
for operation.
Block Diagram
The block diagram illustrates how the device was constructed. Once the switch
is pressed, it sends electrical signals to conduct electricity from the battery. Then, the
It is the main power source of energy where electricity is stored to operate the
device.
Keys
The sample material used to test the device. Various types of keys as the
primary sample for the device will be tested for the device.
LED light
The main source of light that illuminates when the device is turned on.
Button Switch
It is the power switch that turns the device’s light on & off.
6
CHAPTER 2
In this chapter, the researchers searched into the existing international and
local literature that informs the context of our study. The comprehensive search
Related Literatures
The external material of a typical coin battery is made from a stainless-steel shell to
prevent leakage of corrosive materials. The coin battery can be used for several
calculators. Using CR2032 lithium coin batteries for our study is ideal because of
their compact size, which requires minimal space inside the device. The button cell
has a longer shelf life and can provide continuous service. Since this kind of battery
has low self-discharge, it can hold its charge for a long period of time when not used
for operation. Integrating button cells into our study not only provides a longer life of
7
the device, but it also supplements the size and layout of the device by being usable to
LED Light
used in small electronics as glowing indicators, like remote controls and game
consoles. Evidently, LED lights have offered various applications, but they are
usually used for lighting operations. Khan et al. (2015) stated that the development of
light-emitting diodes, recognized for their high energy efficiency and lighting quality,
has made its way to the market. Its outstanding long shelf life and low power
consumption. The study also asserted that the human visual system is more sensitive
to colored LED lights compared to white LED lights. This suggests that incorporating
the use of white LED light into our study not only provides a standard for lighting
application but is also comfortable for the human eyes and perception, especially
when the device will be used in areas with poor lighting. Integrating this material as a
light source for our device enhances the efficiency and precision of inserting the key
Push-button Switch
switch that signals an action once activated. Button switches are one of the most
common and convenient switches in the consumer market that are used for industrial
8
switches are standard for fast processing times. The switch can be activated by
pressing it, signaling electrical flow throughout the component of the device, and
initiating the on and off action of the device. Employing such a feature in our study
allows light users to easily operate the device by clicking the push-button switch.
Related Studies
purchase portable flashlights that could be attached to a key chain. The evolution of
flashlights and the innovation of such technology have advanced at an incredible rate.
Flashlights are commonly used for illumination; this lighting solution helps for indoor
and outdoor use. Such a light source is effective to utilize when lighting is scarce.
Williamson (2010) stated that for many generations, the most prominent source of
light was the incandescent lamp. With the power of technology and innovation, the
A study by Ren et al. (2012) states that with the development of stage lighting
technology, people have increasing demands for lighting control, such as real-time
and portable. The study proposes a portable LED stage lighting control system and
designs its software and hardware. The researchers designed a portable stage lighting
control system because of the increasing demands of people for a more portable and
convenient use of lightning control, such as our device, which meets the standard light
thing in performing daily activities, and without sufficient lighting, we will have
difficulty seeing things clearly. The problem is that when there is no electricity and
it's dark, light sources are limited, and consumers looking for portable and handy
flashlights might lean onto using our device for increased productivity in the dark and
9
to be more efficient to use since the batteries and the lighting system last longer. This
serves as an alternative light source when the power is out, and the lighting is scarce.
This is consistent with the study conducted by Morais et al. (2024), which
finds that using LED technology and the results subsidize institutional planning,
strategy shows a clear economic advantage. The use of LED technology can have an
economic advantage because of its sustainability factors, in that it only uses less
energy than traditional lights that can protect the environment. Not only are LED
lights environment-friendly, but their durability, longer shelf life, and sufficient light
quality, coupled with sustainability factors, enable us to use light energy without
Chew et al. (2017) also stressed the importance of LED lighting and smart
lighting, as stated in the previous study. It offers various purposes and benefits to
They have low power consumption and are more compatible with being used as they
never strain the human eye. They also exhibit fast switching times and a long lifespan,
which contribute to our product once integrated. By opting for LED light installation
lighting source.
which provide high luminous efficiency and are ideal for use as a lighting source.
Especially when you are in dark and narrow places, like opening your doorknob or the
safe’s padlock. Just by pressing the button switch, it sends a signal to the device’s
10
light source to illuminate the keyway efficiently for more precise insertion of keys,
Another result of the study by Sekyere et al. (2012) shows that the most
significant deduction from the study is that solar-powered LED and CFL lighting
systems are a viable and cost-effective off-grid lighting alternative for fuel-based
lighting systems in rural Ghana. The use of fuel-based lighting systems can affect the
physical health of consumers. The researchers came up with this study to have an
alternative lighting system that can protect the health of consumers, which are the
diode (LED) flashlights have introduced smaller and brighter models that can
LED flashlights offer intense illumination and enhanced contrast, aiding in obstacle
consideration of safety factors can further maximize the benefits of LED flashlights in
improving spatial awareness. The device can not only be used as a household item,
but it can also be used for safety purposes to enhance one’s alertness in areas with
lighting can be longer-lived, have a higher initial light output, and be more energy-
efficient than incandescent. In relation to this, the researchers in this study also used
LED flashlights for the same reasons. It reduces the total cost of the project, and it has
a high lighting output compared to incandescent light bulbs. That is why LED bulbs
11
are the perfect material to use in this study. This device was meant to be cost-efficient
The collaborative ideas from these related studies serve foundational purposes
for our study. It extends one’s understanding of developing our research product and
how it can benefit different sectors of the community. The study aims to innovate a
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CHAPTER 3
The following are covered in this chapter; population and locale of the study and the
The study was put into operation at Kabasalan Science and Technology High
conducted a survey of 10 homeowners and key users and provide the respondents the
prototype device to test its functionality and efficacy. The respondents of this study
allow the researchers to gain insights about the differences between opening the doors
Methodology
Pre-Development Phase
1. Requirement Gathering
After scheming the product, the researchers gathered the research component
needed for the project. The researchers have purchased materials from an online
shopping app in TikTok. The researchers ordered 30 AWG Solid Wire 1-meter
13
Electrical Copper Cable Wire and a 5mm white LED light from the Lipad Pilipinas
Shop. The Energizer CR2032 lithium coin battery was sourced from RDEO online
2. Pre-Design Phase
The researchers have thoroughly designed the internal and external structure of
the device. By drafting multiple layouts, the researchers have come up with a
14
Figure 3. Pre-Design Layout
device from the bottom view, top view, and a side view, respectively. The tentative
dimensions of the device measures up to 1.5 inches (height) by 1 inch (width). The
compartment can be accessible by opening the latch. Once open, a key can be placed
or changed. The button switch will signal on and off to the LED light to illuminate the
keyway.
Development Phase
In this phase, the researchers presented ideas for the design variations of the
product. Prior to this, the researcher shows the internal structure of the product
specifically the connection of the components that powered up the device. The
exterior of the product was also included in this phase which holds all the components
together.
Schematic Diagram
15
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram
The diagram illustrates the placement of the coin cell battery in a circuit. The
positive terminal of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the LED light,
the negative terminals of both materials are also connected. The switch in the diagram
controls the flow of electricity that allows operation of the LED light by turning it on
and off.
Digital Layout
Product Designs
The researchers have designed the Iwag based on the emerging trends and
interests that can attract buyers. By drafting three kinds of design, the researchers
carefully discussed if the design does not hinder the device’s functionality and if it
abides by safety measures. Ensuring that Iwag can be decoratively useful and durable
as well. The device was manipulated to take several forms and shapes to
2. Functionality-testing Phase
16
This testing phase determined if the product functions well for the intended
purpose. This phase allows the researchers to test the activation process of the product
and its efficiency in unlocking doors. This test aimed to determine whether the device
functions the way it was designed and see if there are any defects that occurred during
the testing like time delay in pushing the switch button to light up the device. The
testing phase makes sure that the electrical component of the device is consistent and
functional.
Requirement Analysis
Objective 1: What are the problems encountered by Iwag in terms of signal transfer
device?
Requirement Documentation
17
provide a reliable long-lasting
volts.
turned on.
LED Light
Electrical Wire
18
CHAPTER 4
device?
The researchers tested the device on the same doorknob in an area with no
light available. Both the Iwag and a normal key with no light support were used to
unlock the same doorknob. The researchers recorded the time the two devices
took to unlock the door completely. The researchers also record the time it took to
unlock the door when handling many objects (e.g., groceries, a laptop, documents,
etc.). With the data collected, the functionality level of Iwag was determined.
37 seconds (s)
Normal key 10 seconds (s)
19
Table 1 presents the comparison between the time Iwag and a normal key with
no light support took to unlock the doorknob in a place with no light availability.
Iwag took only two (2) seconds to unlock the door and three (3) seconds to unlock the
door with handled objects, while the normal key took ten (10) seconds and thirty-
light availability. With Iwag, unlocking key holes in a dark area will be convenient as
the device is attached with an LED light, controlled with a push button. The device is
very handful and light weight, can unlock doorknobs and padlocks while only using
one hand. In a dark environment, a person don’t have to get their flashlight to light up
the doorknobs or padlocks to unlock it, with Iwag the problem will be solved.
Iwag can improved the life of the users because of its convenience and
efficiency. Comparing it to a normal key with no light support, Iwag can unlock the
20
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CHAPTER 5
Recommendations
3. Provide a wider light coverage. A wider beam angle for LED could
improve the area illuminated by the Iwag, enhancing better visibility and
personal safety.
22
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Chew, I., Karunatilaka, D., Tan, C. P., & Kalavally, V. (2017). Smart lighting:
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Age : 17
Home Address : Mamagon, Naga Zamboanga Sibugay
Date of Birth : October1,2006
Place of Birth : Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Civil Status : Single
Father : Adjaddin M.Asgal
Mother’s Name : Jasmine M.Asgal
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
26
NINO FREDEMER B. BECHAYDA
Address: Purok 7, Crossing Sta. Clara, Naga, Zamboanga Sibugay
E-Mail: oninbechayda82gmail.com
Mobile No.: 09652297520
PERSONAL PROFILE
Age :18
Home Address : Purok 7, Crossing Sta. Clara, Naga, Zamboang
Sibugay
Date of Birth : January 28, 2006
Place of Birth : Purok 7, Crossing Sta. Clara, Naga, Zamboanga
Sibugay
Civil Status : Single
Father : Frederick B. Bechayda
Mother : Mercedita B. Bechayda
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
27
IZRA CHRIX SHELDON A. JIMENO
Address: Purok Vanda, Poblacion Naga Zamboanga Sibugay
E-Mail: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 09067111912
PERSONAL PROFILE
Age : 18
Home Address : Purok Vanda, Poblacion Naga Zamboanga
Sibugay
Date of Birth : June 9, 2005
Place of Birth : Tuburan, Katipunan Zamboanga del Norte
Civil Status : Single
Father : Isidro A. Jimeno
Mother’s Name : Evalinda A. Jimeno
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
28
PRINCESS LOUGTHELA P. MERCADAL
Address: Poblacion Naga, Zamboanga Sibugay
E-Mail: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 09657590636
PERSONAL PROFILE
Age : 18
Home Address : Poblacion Naga, Zamboanga Sibugay
Date of Birth : February 18, 2006
Place of Birth : Poblacion Naga, Zamboanga Sibugay
Civil Status : Single
Father : Noel D. Mercadal
Mother : Generose P. Mercadal
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
29
JAMESON M. SUMALINOG
Address: Lumbayao, Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay
E-Mail: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 09481144881
PERSONAL PROFILE
Age :17
Home Address : Lumbayao, Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay
Date of Birth : May 20, 2006
Place of Birth : Poblacion, Naga, Zamboanga Sibugay
Civil Status : Single
Father : Joel N. Sumalinog
Mother’s Name : Alma M. Sumalino
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
30
AZIEL FAITH D. TASIL
Address: Brgy. Cainglet Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay
E-Mail: azzytasilgmail.com
Mobile No.: 09998903616
PERSONAL PROFILE
Age : 18
Home Address : Brgy. Cainglet, Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay
Date of Birth : July 30, 2005
Place of Birth : Titay Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Civil Status : Single
Father : Gilberto E. Tasil
Mother : Charie D. Tasil
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary
Senior High School Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Kabasalan Science and Technology High School
F.L. Peña, Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay
May 2024
31