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Static Failure 22

failure theory

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9 views

Static Failure 22

failure theory

Uploaded by

102104005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Failure Theories—Static Loading

Maximum Normal Stress Theory

Maximum Shear Stress Theory

Distortion Energy Theory

Common features of these theories:

1. They describe explicit mathematical relationships that relate external


loading to stress at critical points in the multi-axial state of stress.
2. They are based on critical physical properties of the materials that are
measurable
3. Each theory relates the state of stress to a measurable criterion of failure

In general all failure theories say the same thing:

When the maximum value of stress or strain in a multi-axial state of stress equals
or exceeds the value of stress or strain that produces failure in a uni-axial stress
test, the part fails.

Maximum Normal Stress Theory

Failure will occur in the multi-axial state of stress when the maximum principal
normal stress exceeds the ultimate tensile or compressive strength, Sut, or Suc,
respectively.

if σp> Sut, or Suc the part will fail


σ3

Sut

Suc Sut
σ1

Suc

According to the Maximum Normal Stress Theory, if the principal stresses fall
in this box, the part will not fail.

Important to note: The Maximum Normal Stress Theory should not be used
with ductile materials!
Example:

Determine if the following loading situation will produce failure in the shaft.
Caluclate the factor of safety for this loading.

Sut = 52 500 psi


Suc = -164 000 psi

L = 6.0 inches
a = 8.0 inches
d = 1.5 inches
F = 1 000 lbs
y

L= 6.0’’

a = 8.0’’

F=1000
Maximum Shearing Stress Theory:

Failure will occur when the maximum shear stress exceeds ½ of the materials
yield strength

τmax ≥ ½ Sy

σ3

σ1

Modified Mohr Effective Stress--Brittle Materials

Sut, -Sut
Sut, Sut

Sut, -Sut

-Suc, -Suc
1 − S uc + 2S ut 
C1 = σ1 −σ 2 + (σ 1 + σ 2 )
2  − S uc 
1 − S uc + 2S ut 
C2 = σ 2 −σ 3 + (σ 2 + σ 3 )
2  − S uc 
1 − S uc + 2S ut 
C3 = σ 3 −σ1 + (σ 1 + σ 3 )
2  − S uc 
σ~ = MAX (C1 , C 2 , C3 , σ 1 ,σ 2 ,σ 3 )
σ~ = 0 if MAX < 0
If C1, C2, C3, σ1, σ2, σ3 are all negative, σ~ is 0
In class exercises:

For an even material (i.e., Suc = Sut)


Draw the Mohr’s circles that represent the uni-axial tension and
compression tests for a test specimen. Locate the maximum shear stress
on your circles.

For an uneven material (i.e., Suc >> Sut)


Draw the Mohr’s circles that represent the uni-axial tension and
compression tests for a test specimen. Locate the maximum shear stress
on your circles.

Review the Mohr’s circles carefully for both cases and determine whether
or not you would recommend the Maximum Shear Stress Theory for
ductile and/or brittle materials.

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