Design of a Wastewater Collection and a

Stormwater Drainage System

Project Deliverable I
2023-2024

Urban Hydraulics

CVL440

Group Name ID Section

Members
1
2
3

Fall 2023

Page 1 of 15
Table of Contents
1. Design Overview ............................................................................................................ 3
2. Design analysis .............................................................................................................. 4
3. Selection of the best design ......................................................................................... 11
References ......................................................................................................................... 15

2
1. Design Overview

3
2. Design analysis

(60 points)

Propose three distinctive designs of the sanitary sewer system that meet the specified
requirements and consider the public health, safety, welfare, as well as, global, cultural,
social, environmental, and economic factors.

For each design, determine the following:

▪ Type of the facility
▪ Components of the facility
▪ Size of the sewer tank
▪ Material of the sewer tank

4
5
6
7
8
Three proposed designs:

Design 1: Gravity sewer system.

Type of the facility:

A gravity sewer is a type of sewer system that uses pipelines with gradually sloping ends so
that sewage can flow naturally into public sewage facilities [1]. There are no pumps or
pressurized parts in the system, so the product moves through the pipes under the influence
of gravity.

Figure 1: Gravity sewer system [4].

Components and features of Gravity sewer system:

1- Pipe.
2- Drains
3- Manholes
5- Collection tanks
6- Detention vault

Size of gravity Sewer Tank:

- The length is 56 meters.

- The high is 4 meters.
- The width is 15.2 meters.

➢ The volume is 3404.8 m^3

9
This concept would need the building of 104 tanks with a daily average flow rate of
352425 𝑚3 /𝑑 and a capacity of about 3,404.8 m3. Concrete, PVC, vitrified clay, ductile or cast-
iron pipes, and fiberglass are some of the most popular materials used to construct gravity
sewer tanks. The cost of each lot is 6500 KWD.

Material of gravity sewer tank:

Since concrete is the primary material used to construct gravity sewer tanks, they have a high-
water load capacity because they are difficult to degrade, crash, or float, septic concrete tanks
are the most common tanks. The lifespan of the concrete septic system depends on how
effectively it is constructed and maintained. It also includes some eco-friendly materials in its
construction [1].

Design 2: Pressure sewer system.

Type of the facility:

Pressure sewer is a system of underground pump stations and sealed pipelines that connects
some of the connected properties. The sewer main is situated in the road, and the pump
stations collect domestic sewage and pump it there.

Figure 2: Pressure sewer system.

Components and features of Pressure sewer system: -

1- Sump pump.
2- Sewer dosing unit.
3- Sewer gas destructor lamp.
4- Storm water detention vault.
5- Grease trap.
6- Manhole
7- Lift station
8- Pressure sewer systems use smaller pipes, which lowers installation costs since they
enable the excavation of much more limited and shallow trenches.
9- A pressure sewer can force the water up and down, enabling it to travel farther for less
money.
10- Sewer dosing system.

10
11- Pump submersible.
12- pumps for the blender and chopper.
13- Combined sewer overflow.

Size of pressure Sewer Tank:

- The diameter of the pressure sewer tank is 40 meters.

- The height of the pressure sewer tank is 8 meters.
- The area of pressure sewer tank is 1256.63 m^2

➢ The volume of pressure sewer tank is 10053.04 m^3

The capacity of pressure sewer tank is about 10053.04 m3 and the average flow rate is
352425 𝑚3 /𝑑, this design will need the construction of 36 tanks. The Constructing of pressure
sewer tank is often a plastic pit that is used to store, pump, and treat wastewater. As a result,
small-diameter pipes may be utilized after the pressure sewer unit. The price per lot is 5,500
KWD.

Material of pressure Sewer Tank:

Most tanks for pressure sewer systems are built of durable high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
or plastic [2].

Design 3: Vacuum sewer system.

Type of the facility:

Vacuum sewer system moves wastewater by using the force of atmospheric pressure against
vacuum. Vacuum sewers are an environmentally beneficial replacement for conventional
gravity sewer systems in locations where malfunctioning septic tanks are causing pollution [3].
They work best in places with subsurface challenges, such as those with high groundwater
tables, sandy, unstable soils, rocky terrain, constrained construction conditions, acid sulfate
soils (A.S.S), or delicate ecosystems [3]. In a vacuum sewer system, vacuum pumps maintain a
constant vacuum pressure. Additionally, the system is sealed with vacuum valves placed at
each sewage entry site. When these valves are opened, differential pressure drives the
wastewater to the vacuum station through the pipework.

11
 Figure 3: Vacuum sewer system.

Components and features of Vacuum sewer system:

1- Vacuum valve parts.

2- A central vacuum station.
3- Monitoring components.
4- Small pipes.
5- Shallow and narrow trenches.
6- Collection champers.
7- A single pump station.

Size of vacuum Sewer Tank:

- The width of vacuum sewer tank is 30 meters.
- The length of vacuum sewer tank is 22 meters.
- The height of vacuum sewer tank is 12 meters.

➢ The volume of vacuum sewer tank is 7920 m^3

The capacity of vacuum sewer tank is 7920 m^3. This design needs the construction of about
45 tanks, which the flow rate is 352425 𝑚3 /𝑑. The sewage tank is made of steel, PVC/PE
pipes and fittings, sand, and gravel, and each lot costs 3,500 KWD.
Material of The Sewer Tank:
Stainless steel and mild steel make up most vacuum sewer tanks. The pipe will be
manufactured of polyvinylchloride (PVC), fittings, sand, and gravel.

12
 3. Selection of the best design

(15 points)

You should compare the proposed designs in order to select the optimum one based
on the relevant criteria while considering the potential risks. You are required to
provide a clear methodology on how you did the selection.

The compare criteria and comparison for the three different designs will be done in the
following table.

Table 1: Comparison table.

Design 3 Design 2 Design 1

Criteria
(Vacuum Sewer) (Pressure Sewer) (Gravity Sewer)

Potential Risks Medium Medium Low

Safety Yes Yes Yes
Installation cost 3500 KWD 5500 KWD 6500 KWD
Durability High (85 Years) Low (15 Years) Medium (50 Years)
Maintenance cost Low Medium High

Strength High High Medium

Flexibility Yes Yes No

Environmentally
High Low High
-friendly
Defects Corrosion / Rutting Sedimentation Break Dawn/ Cracking

13
The design decision matrix for the previous designs will be done in the following table with a
score number from 1 which is an indication for the worse design to 5 which is an indication for
the best design.

Safety Installation Durability Maintenance Strength Environmentally Total

Cost Cost - Friendly

Design 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 30

Design 2 5 4 2 3 5 1 20

Design 1 5 3 4 2 4 5 23

We discovered from the associated tables that design 3 (vacuum sewer system) is the optimum design
for sanitary sewer system because it can accommodate our needs and constraints. vacuum sewer
system is the most popular design for sanitary sewer systems, and we chose it based on the
environmental impact, strength, durability, installation cost, and other factors. For instance, the
vacuum sewer system prevents any systemic leaks or the discharge of toxic smells. Additionally, vacuum
sewer systems can be constructed using recycled materials, which can have a positive impact on the
environment.

-----

Formatting and language used (10 Points)

• Grammatical and sentence structural mistakes (5 Points).

• Formatting: Cover page, group members’ names, consistent fonts, and size throughout the
document (i.e. no copy-pasting from the net) (5 Points).

14
References

[1] Augustyniak, A., Sikora, P., Grygorcewicz, B., Despot, D., Braun, B., Rakoczy, R., ... & Stephan, D.
(2021). Biofilms in the gravity sewer interfaces: making a friend from a foe. Reviews in Environmental
Science and Bio/Technology, 20, 795-813.

[2] De Feo, G., Antoniou, G., Fardin, H. F., El-Gohary, F., Zheng, X. Y., Reklaityte, I., ... & Angelakis, A. N.
(2014). The historical development of sewers worldwide. Sustainability, 6(6), 3936-3974.

[3] Islam, M. S. (2017). Comparative evaluation of vacuum sewer and gravity sewer systems.
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 8, 37-53.

[4] Miszta-Kruk, K. (2016). Reliability and failure rate analysis of pressure, vacuum and gravity sewer
systems based on operating data. Engineering Failure Analysis, 61, 37-45.

https://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=ar&as_sdt=0,5

15