Introduction to SDH

used in Tellabs ® 6300

Managed Transport system

SDH Introduction
Training Development, Denmark
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 Objectives
After this presentation you will understand the
following SDH features & functions,
and how they relate to Tellabs 63XX products

>PDH Basics
> SDH Benefits
> SDH Equipment functions
> SDH Network examples
> STM-1 frame
> Mapping into SDH
> SDH multiplexing structure
> Virtual Containers (VC-N’s)
> TU coordinates
> Section and path overhead
> SDH maintenance signals
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 PDH Basics - A/D and Multiplexing

Analog
64 kbit/s
signal A/D

8 kHz
sampling

30:1 4:1 4:1 4:1 4:1 (to line

mux mux mux mux mux terminal)

64 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 8448 kbit/s 34 368 kbit/s 139 264 kbit/s 564 992 kbit/s
("2 Mbit/s") ("8 Mbit/s") ("34 Mbit/s") ("140 Mbit/s") ("565 Mbit/s")

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 PDH Basics - Multiplexing hierarchies

Hierarchy level Hierarchical bit rates based on a first level of:

1 544 kbit/s 2 048 kbit/s

0 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s

1 1 544 kbit/s 2 048 kbit/s

2 6 312 kbit/s 8 448 kbit/s

3 32 064 kbit/s 44 736 kbit/s 34 368 kbit/s

4 97 728 kbit/s (note) 139 264 kbit/s

5 (-) (-) 564 992 kbit/s

[Japan] [North Am.] [Europe plus...]

Used in Tellabs 6300

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 PDH Basics - “Add/Drop multiplexer”
34 Mbit/s
140M 140 140M
140
LTU LTU
34
34

8 Mbit/s
34 34

8 8

2 Mbit/s

• extensive asynchronous 8 8
multiplexing/demultiplexing 2 2
required (lots of PLLs etc.)!

• inflexible upgrading
2 Mbit/s to customer
• limited/proprietary supervision
(no management standards)

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 SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer

STM - N STM - N
synchronous
mux/demux

2 Mbit/s to customer

• few asynchronous multiplexing/demultiplexing stages

• very flexible upgrading

• comprehensive supervision (management standards)

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 Network Management

Standardized interfaces
and protocols

Standardized
Management
functions

Management SDH Network

System

6340
Transmission link
6340 6310

Standardized
SDH Network performance
Elements
monitoring
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 Terminal Multiplexer

STM-N TM STM-M
or
PDH

Lower order signals Higher Order signal

> Terminates regenerator and multiplexer-section overhead

> Terminates higher-order and lower-order path overhead
> Multiplexing/mapping of tributary signals
> May include a connection function for allocation of TUs within the
STM frame

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> Includes timing and management functions
 Add/Drop Multiplexer

STM-M STM-M

Higher Order signal ADM Higher Order signal

Lower order signals STM-N or PDH

> Terminates regenerator and multiplexer-section overhead

> Terminates higher-order and lower-order path overhead
> Terminates lower-order path for terminating PDH signals
> Multiplexing/mapping of tributary signals
> Includes a connection function for allocation of TUs within the STM frame
> Includes connection function between the two aggregate signals
> Includes timing and management functions
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 Examples of a Cross Connect
SDXC 4/1
STM 16 16 x AU4 Higher Order 64 x AU4 STM 64
STM 4
4 X AU4 ( HO) 16 X AU4
STM 16
1 X AU4
AU4 / VC4 1 X AU4
STM 1 Cross connect STM 1

--

STM 1 1 X VC4 1 X VC4 STM 1

Lower Order
140 Mb/s 1 X VC4 (LO) 1 X VC4 140 Mb/s
1 X VC3 VC 4 VC3 VC12 1 X VC3
34/45 Mb/s 34/45 Mb/s
Cross connect
1 x VC12 1 x VC12
2 Mb/s 2 Mb/s

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 Multiplexer Section line with ADM’s

Point-to-point Network

Terminal Multiplexers and Add-Drop Multiplexers

TM ADM ADM TM

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 Other Network Configurations

Mesh network
STM - N Ring
ADM ADM ADM

ADM ADM

ADM ADM SDXC ADM

ADM

SDXC SDXC

ADM
SDXC SDXC

TM

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 SDH - A Transport System

155
Section
Overhead

Payload

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 SDH - A Transport System

Path Overhead

Regenerator
section overhead

Multiplexer
section
overhead

VC- 4 TU’s
(Virtual Container Level 4) (Tributary Units)

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 SDH - Layout STM-n
STM-1
RSOH
POINTER

POH
MSOH PAYLOAD 1 X VC 4
Pointer

STM-4
RSOH
POINTER
POH

MSOH PAYLOAD 4 X VC 4

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 STM1 Frame
155.520 Mbit/s serial signal
F F F F

125us
2430 b yt e s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

9 b yte s 261 b yte s 9 b yte s 261 b yte s

9 b yte s 261 b yte s O v e rh e a d p a y lo a d

9 b yte s 261 b yte s

9 b yte s 261 b yte s
9 b yte s 261 b yte s
9 b yte s 261 b yte s
9 b yte s 261 b yte s
9 b yte s 261 b yte s
9 b yte s 261 b yte s

9 BYTES + 261 BYTES = 270 BYTES 270 BYTES x 9 = 2430 BYTES

2430 BYTES/FRAME x 8 BITS/BYTE x 8000 FRAMES/SEC = 155.520Mbit/s

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 SDH Signal Hierarchy and Line Rates

Synchronous Line Rate

Transport Module Mbit/s

STM -1 155.520 *

STM -4 622.080

STM -16 2488.320 (2,5Gbit/s)

STM -64 9953.280 (10 Gbit/s)

STM -256 39813.120 (40Gbit/s)

* Both electrical and optical interfaces

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 Mapping in Tellabs 6300

PCM ORDER BIT RATE STM LEVEL BIT RATE

0. 64 kbit/s
1-3 X 21 2M (VC12)
1. 2.048 Mbit/s

2. 8.448 Mbit/s
1-3 X 34/45M (VC3)
3. 34.368 Mbit/s

4. 139.264 Mbit/s 1 X VC4 STM-1 155 Mbit/s

4 X VC4 STM-4 622 Mbit/s

16 X VC4 STM-16 2,5 Gbit/s

64 X VC4 STM-64 10 Gbit/s

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 Ethernet Mapping in Tellabs 6300
MODULE BIT RATE STM LEVEL BIT RATE
ETEX 10/100MbE 2-? Mbit/s n X VC12 or VC3

n X VC4
ETEX GbE 150-? Mbit/s n X VC4 STM-1 155 Mbit/s

4 X VC4 STM-4 622 Mbit/s

16 X VC4 STM-16 2,5 Gbit/s

64 X VC4 STM-64 10 Gbit/s

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 SDH Multiplexing Structure (ETSI)

xn x1
STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4 C-4 139264 kbit/s

x3 44736 kbit/s
x1 TU-3
TUG-3 VC-3 C-3 34368 kbit/s

x7
Groups x1
TUG-2 TU-2 VC-2 C-2 (6312 kbit/s)

Pointer processing
x3
Multiplexing TU-12 VC-12 C-12 2048 kbit/s

Aligning
VC-11 C-11 (1544) kbit/s)
Mapping

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 Container (C)

Containers are the basic payload unit in the SDH system

Containers are (besides the payload) also
carrying end-user information in the overhead
C12 Justification bytes
= mapping rate adaption
C4 4. level 140 Mbit/s

C3 3. level 34/45 Mbit/s

C2 2. level (6 Mbit/s)

C1.2 1. level 2 Mbit/s

C1.1 1. level (1,55Mbit/s)

2 Mbit/s
plesiochronous stream

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 Virtual Container (VC)

A Virtual Container comprises:

a Container VC12
Which is the basic payload unit Path Overhead

and the POH (Path Overhead) POH

The Path Overhead contains information
for maintenance and supervision.

Lower order Path Overhead (level 1&2)

one byte called V-5

Higher order Path overhead (level 3&4)

9 bytes

Container VC12

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 Tributary Unit (TU)

A Tributary Unit comprises:

TU12
a Virtual Container (VC) TU Pointer
Contains the basic payload
and the POH (Path Overhead)

and the Tributary Unit Pointer

A pointer points out the start of the VC
and eventual change of pointer value,
which allows dynamic alignment of the
VC within the TU frame

Virtual Container VC12

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 TUG Structure in a VC-4 in Tellabs 6300

VC-4

V
C
TUG 3 capacity:
- TUG 3 TUG 3 TUG 3 48.768 Mbit/s
4 no.1 no. 2 no. 3
P One TUG 3 contains
O
H either:
• one 34/45 M signal
or
•21 x 2M signals

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 KLM Co-ordinates used in Tellabs 6300

TUG Structure
TUG3-1 TUG3-2 TUG3-3
K
V TU12-1 TU12-2 TU12-3 TUG2-1
C
K: TUG-3 number
- TUG2-2 (values 1-3)
4
TUG2-3
P L: TUG-2 number
O
H
TUG2-4 (values 1-7)
VC-12
TUG2-5
VC-12
M: TU-12 number
TUG2-6
(values 1-3)
TUG2-7

L
TU12 no. 1-4-2 TU12 no. ?

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 SOH - Section Overhead
The SOH relates Overheads carry information
to a certain for monitoring, maintaining
network section and controlling the
Multiplexer sections
operation of network.

Regenerator sections

SDH SDH
Add Drop Reg Reg
terminal terminal
Multiplexer
multiplexer multiplexer
or SDXC

Higher Order Path Higher Order Path

Lower Order Path

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 STM-1 SOH (Section Overhead)
9 Bytes 261 Bytes

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 J1
B1 E1 F1 B3
D1 D2 D3 C2 C4 Data
Administrative Unit Pointer(s) G1 Payload
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 F2
D4 D5 D6 H4
D7 D8 D9 F3
D10 D11 D12 K3
S1 M1 E2 N1
9 Rows

RSOH = Regenerator Section Overhead

MSOH = Multiplexer Section Overhead
POH = VC4 Path Overhead

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 RSOH

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D3

> A1, A2 framing patterns (F6H), (28H)

> J0 regenerator section Trail Trace Identifier (TTI)
> B1 BIP-8 parity byte
> E1 RS Engineering Order Wire channel (service telephone)
> F1 user data channel
> D1, D2, D3 regenerator section Data Communication Channel (DCCR)

> remaining bytes are for national use,

> - or media specific bytes (e.g. radio link)
> - or with no defined use

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 MSOH
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
> B2 BIP-24 parity bytes
> K1, K2 Automatic Protection Switching (APS) channel, bit oriented
protocol (bits 1-5), Remote Defect Indication (RDI) (bits 6-8)
> D4 to D12 multiplex section Data Communication Channel (DCCM)
> S1 synchronization status (bits 5-8)
> M1 Remote Error Indication (REI)
> E2 MS orderwire channel (service telephone)
> remaing bytes are for national use,
> - or media specific bytes (e.g. radio link)
> - or with no defined use

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 VC-4 and VC-3 POH

J1 Trail Trace Identifier

POH B3 Parity BIP-8
J1 C2 Signal label (C2), used for payload type identification
B3 G1 Path status
C2 REI RDI Reserved Spare
G1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
F2
H4 REI Remote Error Indication
F3 RDI Remote Defect Indication
K3
F2 Network operator (user) channel
N1
H4 Multiframe indicator, a sequence indicating TU-multiframe
phase (position of VC-12/VC-2)
F3 Network operator (user) channel
K3 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4)
N1 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use in
multioperator environments

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 VC-2 and VC-12 POH

POH
V5 J2 N2 K4

J2 Trail Trace Identifier

N2 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use
in multioperator environments
K4 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4), additional
information for RDI (bits 5-7) (optional)
V5 Signal monitoring

V5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BIP-2 BIP-2 REI RFI SL SL SL RDI
 Parity BIP-2
 Remote Error Indication (REI)
 Remote Failure Indication (RFI), only for VC-11 (not in ETSI)
 Signal label (SL)
 Remote defect indication (RDI)

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