SPO2 & BMP

Heart Rate & Blood Oxygen

: ‫اعداد وتقديم‬
‫يوسف عبدربه‬
‫وائل احمد‬
‫وليد العزب‬

1 11/1/2022

Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 MAX30102
Module The module features the
MAX30102 – a modern

Hardware (the successor

the MAX30100),
integrated
to

pulse
oximeter and heart rate

Overview sensor IC, from Analog

Devices. It combines two
LEDs, a photodetector,
optimized optics, and
low-noise analog signal
processing to detect
pulse oximetry (SpO2)
and heart rate (HR)
signals.

Behind the window on one

side, the MAX30102 has two
LEDs – a RED and an IR LED.
On the other side is a very
sensitive photodetector. The
idea is that you shine a single
LED at a time, detecting the
amount of light shining back
at the detector, and, based
on the signature, you can
measure blood oxygen level
and heart rate.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 How MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and
Heart Rate Sensor Works?
The MAX30102, or any optical pulse oximeter and heart-rate
sensor for that matter, consists of a pair of high-intensity LEDs
(RED and IR, both of different wavelengths) and a
photodetector. The wavelengths of these LEDs are 660nm and
880nm, respectively.

The MAX30102 works by shining both lights onto the finger or earlobe (or
essentially anywhere where the skin isn’t too thick, so both lights can easily
penetrate the tissue) and measuring the amount of reflected light using a
photodetector. This method of pulse detection through light is
called Photoplethysmogram.

The working of MAX30102 can be divided into two parts: Heart Rate
Measurement and Pulse Oximetry (measuring the oxygen level of the blood).

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 Heart Rate Measurement
The oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the arterial blood has the
characteristic of absorbing IR light. The redder the blood (the
higher the hemoglobin), the more IR light is absorbed. As the
blood is pumped through the finger with each heartbeat, the
amount of reflected light changes, creating a changing
waveform at the output of the photodetector. As you continue to
shine light and take photodetector readings, you quickly start to
get a heart-beat (HR) pulse reading.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry is based on the principle that the amount of RED and IR light
absorbed varies depending on the amount of oxygen in your blood. The
following graph is the absorption-spectrum of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2)
and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb).

As you can see from the graph, deoxygenated blood absorbs more RED light
(660nm), while oxygenated blood absorbs more IR light (880nm). By measuring
the ratio of IR and RED light received by the photodetector, the oxygen level
(SpO2) in the blood is calculated.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 MAX30102 Module Pinout

The MAX30102 module brings out the following connections.

VIN is the power pin. You can connect it to 3.3V or 5V output from your
Arduino.

SCL is the I2C clock pin, connect to your Arduino’s I2C clock line.

SDA is the I2C data pin, connect to your Arduino’s I2C data line.

INT The MAX30102 can be programmed to generate an interrupt for each pulse.
This line is open-drain, so it is pulled HIGH by the onboard resistor. When an
interrupt occurs the INT pin goes LOW and stays LOW until the interrupt is
cleared.

IRD The MAX30102 integrates an LED driver to drive LED pulses for SpO2 and
HR measurements. Use this if you want to drive the IR LED yourself, otherwise
leave it unconnected.

RD pin is similar to the IRD pin, but is used to drive the Red LED. If you don’t
want to drive the red LED yourself, leave it unconnected.

GND is the ground.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 Wiring up a MAX30102 Module to an
Arduino
Now that we know everything about the module, we can begin hooking it up to
our Arduino!

Start by connecting the VCC pin to the power supply, 3V-5V is fine. Use the
same voltage that your microcontroller logic is based off of. For most Arduinos,
that is 5V. For 3.3V logic devices, use 3.3V. Now connect GND to common
ground.

Connect the SCL pin to the I2C clock pin and the SDA pin to the I2C data pin on
your Arduino. Note that each Arduino Board has different I2C pins which should
be connected accordingly. On the Arduino boards with the R3 layout, the SDA
(data line) and SCL (clock line) are on the pin headers close to the AREF pin.
They are also known as A5 (SCL) and A4 (SDA).

The following illustration shows the wiring.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 Library Installation
there are several libraries available for the MAX30102 sensor. However in our
example, we are using the one by SparkFun Electronics. This library exposes
most of the features of the MAX30102 and offers simple and easy to use
functions to calculate pulse rate and SpO2. You can download this library from
within the Arduino IDE Library Manager.

To install the library navigate to the Sketch > Include Library > Manage
Libraries… Wait for Library Manager to download libraries index and update list
of installed libraries.

Filter your search by typing MAX3010x. Look for SparkFun MAX3010x Pulse
and Proximity Sensor Library. Click on that entry, and then select Install.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 MAX30102 Example Sketches
The SparkFun_MAX3010x library has a number of example sketches. You can use
these example sketches as a basis for developing your own code.

To access the example sketches, navigate to the File > Examples > SparkFun
MAX3010x Pulse and Proximity Sensor Library. You will see a selection of
example sketches.

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 THE TOOLS FOR PROJECT

1. ARDUONO UNO
2. MAX 30102
3. OLED 0.96 I2C

ARDUINO CONNECTING

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 CODE
#include "ssd1306h.h"
#include "MAX30102.h"
#include "Pulse.h"
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include <avr/sleep.h>

// Routines to clear and set bits

#ifndef cbi
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
#endif
#ifndef sbi
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
#endif

SSD1306 oled;
MAX30102 sensor;
Pulse pulseIR;
Pulse pulseRed;
MAFilter bpm;

#define LED LED_BUILTIN

#define BUTTON 3
#define OPTIONS 7

static const uint8_t heart_bits[] PROGMEM = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xff,
0xfe, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xf8, 0x3f, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0xe0, 0x0f,
0xc0, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00 };

//spo2_table is approximated as -45.060*ratioAverage* ratioAverage + 30.354 *ratioAverage + 94.845 ;

const uint8_t spo2_table[184] PROGMEM =
{ 95, 95, 95, 96, 96, 96, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 99, 99, 99, 99,
99, 99, 99, 99, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100,
100, 100, 100, 100, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 97, 97,
97, 97, 96, 96, 96, 96, 95, 95, 95, 94, 94, 94, 93, 93, 93, 92, 92, 92, 91, 91,
90, 90, 89, 89, 89, 88, 88, 87, 87, 86, 86, 85, 85, 84, 84, 83, 82, 82, 81, 81,
80, 80, 79, 78, 78, 77, 76, 76, 75, 74, 74, 73, 72, 72, 71, 70, 69, 69, 68, 67,
66, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50,

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 31, 30, 29,
28, 27, 26, 25, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 17, 16, 15, 14, 12, 11, 10, 9, 7, 6, 5,
3, 2, 1 } ;

int getVCC() {
//reads internal 1V1 reference against VCC
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1284P__)
ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX4) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1); // For ATmega1284
#else
ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1); // For ATmega328
#endif
delay(2); // Wait for Vref to settle
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Convert
while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA, ADSC));
uint8_t low = ADCL;
unsigned int val = (ADCH << 8) | low;
//discard previous result
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Convert
while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA, ADSC));
low = ADCL;
val = (ADCH << 8) | low;

return (((long)1024 * 1100) / val)/100;

}

void print_digit(int x, int y, long val, char c=' ', uint8_t field = 3,const int BIG = 2)
{
uint8_t ff = field;
do {
char ch = (val!=0) ? val%10+'0': c;
oled.drawChar( x+BIG*(ff-1)*6, y, ch, BIG);
val = val/10;
--ff;
} while (ff>0);
}

/*
* Record, scale and display PPG Wavefoem
*/
const uint8_t MAXWAVE = 72;

class Waveform {

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 public:
Waveform(void) {wavep = 0;}

void record(int waveval) {

waveval = waveval/8; // scale to fit in byte
waveval += 128; //shift so entired waveform is +ve
waveval = waveval<0? 0 : waveval;
waveform[wavep] = (uint8_t) (waveval>255)?255:waveval;
wavep = (wavep+1) % MAXWAVE;
}

void scale() {
uint8_t maxw = 0;
uint8_t minw = 255;
for (int i=0; i<MAXWAVE; i++) {
maxw = waveform[i]>maxw?waveform[i]:maxw;
minw = waveform[i]<minw?waveform[i]:minw;
}
uint8_t scale8 = (maxw-minw)/4 + 1; //scale * 8 to preserve precision
uint8_t index = wavep;
for (int i=0; i<MAXWAVE; i++) {
disp_wave[i] = 31-((uint16_t)(waveform[index]-minw)*8)/scale8;
index = (index + 1) % MAXWAVE;
}
}

void draw(uint8_t X) {
for (int i=0; i<MAXWAVE; i++) {
uint8_t y = disp_wave[i];
oled.drawPixel(X+i, y);
if (i<MAXWAVE-1) {
uint8_t nexty = disp_wave[i+1];
if (nexty>y) {
for (uint8_t iy = y+1; iy<nexty; ++iy)
oled.drawPixel(X+i, iy);
}
else if (nexty<y) {
for (uint8_t iy = nexty+1; iy<y; ++iy)
oled.drawPixel(X+i, iy);
}
}
}
}

private:
uint8_t waveform[MAXWAVE];

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 uint8_t disp_wave[MAXWAVE];
uint8_t wavep = 0;

} wave;

int beatAvg;
int SPO2, SPO2f;
int voltage;
bool filter_for_graph = false;
bool draw_Red = false;
uint8_t pcflag =0;
uint8_t istate = 0;
uint8_t sleep_counter = 0;

void button(void){
pcflag = 1;
}

void checkbutton(){
if (pcflag && !digitalRead(BUTTON)) {
istate = (istate +1) % 4;
filter_for_graph = istate & 0x01;
draw_Red = istate & 0x02;
EEPROM.write(OPTIONS, filter_for_graph);
EEPROM.write(OPTIONS+1, draw_Red);
}
pcflag = 0;
}

void Display_5(){
if(pcflag && !digitalRead(BUTTON)){
draw_oled(5);
delay(1100);
}
pcflag = 0;

void go_sleep() {
oled.fill(0);
oled.off();
delay(10);

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 sensor.off();

delay(10);
cbi(ADCSRA, ADEN); // disable adc
delay(10);
pinMode(0,INPUT);
pinMode(2,INPUT);
set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);
sleep_mode(); // sleep until button press
// cause reset
setup();
}

void draw_oled(int msg) {

oled.firstPage();
do{
switch(msg){
case 0: oled.drawStr(10,0,F("Device error"),1);
break;
case 1: oled.drawStr(13,10,F("ENTER YOUR"),1);
oled.drawStr(10,20,F("FINGER"),1);
oled.drawChar(100,0,voltage/10+'0');
oled.drawChar(106,0,'.');
oled.drawChar(112,0,voltage%10+'0');
oled.drawChar(118,0,'V');
oled.drawStr(84,14,F("Display"),1);
if (draw_Red)
oled.drawStr(84,24,F("Red"),1);
else
oled.drawStr(84,24,F("IR"),1);
if (filter_for_graph)
oled.drawStr(108,24,F("Avg"),1);
else
oled.drawStr(108,24,F("Raw"),1);
break;
case 2: print_digit(86,0,beatAvg);
wave.draw(8);
print_digit(98,24,SPO2,' ',3,1);
oled.drawChar(116,24,'%');
break;
case 3: oled.drawStr(30,1,F("Youseef (:"),1);
oled.drawStr(30,10,F("Waleed & Wael"),1);
oled.drawStr(30,20,F("SPO2 & HR"),1);

//oled.drawXBMP(6,8,16,16,heart_bits);

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 break;

case 4: oled.drawStr(28,12,F("OFF IN"),1);

oled.drawChar(76,12,10-sleep_counter/10+'0');
oled.drawChar(82,12,'s');
break;
case 5: oled.drawStr(0,0,F("HR:"),1);
print_digit(25,0,beatAvg);
oled.drawStr(0,15,F("SpO2:"),1);
print_digit(25,15,SPO2);
oled.drawXBMP(106,8,16,16,heart_bits);
break;
}
} while (oled.nextPage());
}

void setup(void) {
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
filter_for_graph = EEPROM.read(OPTIONS);
draw_Red = EEPROM.read(OPTIONS+1);
oled.init();
oled.fill(0x00);
draw_oled(3);
delay(3000);
if (!sensor.begin()) {
draw_oled(0);
while (1);
}
sensor.setup();
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(BUTTON),button, CHANGE);
}

long lastBeat = 0; //Time of the last beat

long displaytime = 0; //Time of the last display update
bool led_on = false;

void loop() {
sensor.check();
long now = millis(); //start time of this cycle
if (!sensor.available()) return;
uint32_t irValue = sensor.getIR();
uint32_t redValue = sensor.getRed();
sensor.nextSample();

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 if (irValue<5000) {
voltage = getVCC();
checkbutton();

draw_oled(sleep_counter<=50 ? 1 : 4); // finger not down message

//? : x>yxy=z:if(x>y)z=x;elsez=y
delay(200);
++sleep_counter;
if (sleep_counter>100) {
go_sleep();
sleep_counter = 0;
}
} else {
sleep_counter = 0;
// remove DC element
int16_t IR_signal, Red_signal;
bool beatRed, beatIR;
if (!filter_for_graph) {//
IR_signal = pulseIR.dc_filter(irValue) ;
Red_signal = pulseRed.dc_filter(redValue);
beatRed = pulseRed.isBeat(pulseRed.ma_filter(Red_signal));
beatIR = pulseIR.isBeat(pulseIR.ma_filter(IR_signal));
} else {
IR_signal = pulseIR.ma_filter(pulseIR.dc_filter(irValue)) ;
Red_signal = pulseRed.ma_filter(pulseRed.dc_filter(redValue));
beatRed = pulseRed.isBeat(Red_signal);
beatIR = pulseIR.isBeat(IR_signal);
}
// invert waveform to get classical BP waveshape
wave.record(draw_Red ? -Red_signal : -IR_signal );
// check IR or Red for heartbeat
if (draw_Red ? beatRed : beatIR){
long btpm = 60000/(now - lastBeat);
if (btpm > 0 && btpm < 200) beatAvg = bpm.filter((int16_t)btpm);
lastBeat = now;
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
led_on = true;
// compute SpO2 ratio
long numerator = (pulseRed.avgAC() * pulseIR.avgDC())/256;
long denominator = (pulseRed.avgDC() * pulseIR.avgAC())/256;
int RX100 = (denominator>0) ? (numerator * 100)/denominator : 999;
// using formula
SPO2f = (10400 - RX100*17+50)/100;
// from table

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)
 if ((RX100>=0) && (RX100<184))
SPO2 = pgm_read_byte_near(&spo2_table[RX100]);
}
// update display every 50 ms if fingerdown

if (now-displaytime>50) {
displaytime = now;
wave.scale();
draw_oled(2);

}
Display_5();

}
// flash led for 25 ms
if (led_on && (now - lastBeat)>25){
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
led_on = false;
}
}

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Interfacing MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor with Arduino (lastminuteengineers.com)