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Types of Folds

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Janvi Madhukar
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32 views

Types of Folds

Uploaded by

Janvi Madhukar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Folds

• Anticline: folds that are concave towards the older rocks.

• Syncline: folds that are concave towards the younger rocks.

• Antiform: fold is concave downward and rocks may not be older in the middle or age
of the rocks is not known.

• Synform: fold is concave upward and rocks in the middle may not be younger or age is
not known.

• Dome: layering dips in all directions away from a center point.

• Basin: layering dips inward toward a central point.

• Antiformal syncline: Downward facing syncline in which layering dips away from axis,
but the rocks in the center are younger.

• Synformal anticline: upward facing anticline, where in layering dips inward as syncline
but the rocks in the center are older.
Types of Folds
• Homocline: rocks that dip uniformly in one direction
• Monocline: a local steepening with homocline
• Structural terrace: local flattening of a uniform regional dip
• Cylindrical: The hinges are parallel every where and the fold
can be generated by moving the fold axis parallel to itself
• Non-cylindrical: The hinges are not parallel and can
converge in one point
• Sheath folds: are non-cylindrical and closed at one end the
fold hinges curve within axial surface
• Upright folds: have vertical axial surfaceOverturned
folds: have one inverted limb
• Reclined folds: axes plunge at nearly same angle as the dip
of the axial surface, plunge of the axis normal or at high angle
to the strike of the axial plane
• Recumbent folds: Have horizontal axes and axial surfaces.
• Isoclinal folds: are tight folds wherein axial surfaces and
limbs are parallel

To distinguish between the different type


.of folds Fig. 14.13 (after Fleuty 1964) is used
Classification of folds based on the bedding
thickness, and hinge curvature

• Parallel folds: folds maintain constant thickness


• Concentric folds: parallel folds in which folded
surfaces define circular arcs and maintain the same
center of curvature.
• Ptygmatic folds: nearly concentric shape,
attenuated limbs and intestinal appearance.
• Similar folds: maintain the same shape
throughout a section but not necessarily with the
same thickness.
• Chevron and kink folds: have sharp angular
hinges and straight limbs.
• Disharmonic: shape or wavelength changes from
one layer to another.
• Supratenuous folds: synclines are thickened and
anticlines are thinned. These folds are usually
non-tectonic form in unconsolidated sediments and
when uplift is taking place.
• Fault-bend and fault-propagation folds: these type
of folds associated with thrust fault

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