Contents

A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1

B. Subtraction Table........................................................................................................... 2

C. Time Based Subtraction ...........................................................................................13

D.Solved Examples ............................................................................................................15

E. Practice yourself............................................................................................................ 18

F. Solution ...............................................................................................................................23
 CHAPTER 3
SUBTRACTION
A. Introduction
Subtraction is ...

... taking one number away from another.

Start with 5 apples,

then subtract 2,
we are left with 3 apples.

This can be written:

5−2=3

Try and learn

6−0=6

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B. Subtraction Table
You can also "look up" answers for simple subtraction using this
table:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0 0

1 1 0

2 2 1 0

3 3 2 1 0

4 4 3 2 1 0

5 5 4 3 2 1 0

6 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

11 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

12 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Example: Find 8 – 5

find the row starting with "8"

move along till you are under the column "5"
and there is the number "3", so 8 − 5 = 3

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Names
Other names used in subtraction are Minus, Less, Difference,
Decrease, Take Away, Deduct.
The names of the numbers in a subtraction fact are:
Minuend − Subtrahend = Difference
Minuend: The number that is to be subtracted from.
Subtrahend: The number that is to be subtracted.
Difference: The result of subtracting one number from another.
Worksheet 1:

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Worksheet 2:

Subtracting Larger Numbers

To subtract numbers with more than one digit (such as "42-25") use
any of these methods, choose the one you prefer:
Subtraction with Regrouping
Regrouping in subtraction is a process of exchanging one tens into
ten ones. We use regrouping in subtraction when the minuend is
smaller than the subtrahend.
Uses of subtraction with regrouping
Subtraction with regrouping is very useful in our daily life. Some
examples are given below:
1. To measure distance 2. To deal with money
3. To measure time

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Using subtraction with regrouping

We use subtraction with regrouping to work out different
subtraction problems.
For example, Ray buys chocolates worth $47. He pays by giving a
$50 bill. How much money will he get back?
Ray pays $50, means 5 tens and 0 ones. He bought chocolates
worth $47, means 4 tens and 7 ones. Here we can see the minuend
(0) is smaller than the subtrahend (7). We can regroup them by
borrowing 1 ten to make ten ones.

Ray has $3 left with him.

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Example 2: 542 – 136

Example 3: In a school, there are 785 students, and 468 of them are
girls. Find the number of boys in the school?
Total number of students = 785
Number of girls in the school = 468
Number of boys in the school = 785 – 468 = 317

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Fun Facts
• We can always check our answer by adding the subtrahend and
the difference to get the minuend as addition is the inverse of
subtraction.

Subtraction By Complement Method

In this method we are using method of complement.
This method is useful for numbers more than three digits.
Let’s understand this method by taking an example.
Ex: 3178 – 2398
Divide these numbers into double columns.
Here 98 is greater than 78 so we are adding a complement of 98
in 78.
Complement of 98 = 100 – 98 = 2 (Complement of x = 100 – x)
So 78 + 2 = 80
Let’s take another example.
Ex: 4523 – 2176
Divide these numbers into double column.

23 is less than 76 so add complement of 76 in 23.

Complement of 76 = 100 – 76 = 24
So 23 + 24 = 47

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And add a carry of ‘–1’.

Now 45 – 21 = 24
And 24 – 1(Carry) = 23

So the answer is 2347.

Subtraction of 5-digit numbers
Subtraction of 5-digit numbers is done in the same way as
subtraction of 4-digit numbers.
Write the numbers one below the other according to place values,
with the greater number on top.
Subtract in order: ones → tens → hundreds → thousands →ten
thousands. Regroup where required.
Combining addition and subtraction
Example: 4672-2418+9345
Step 1: Add the first number to the number with the + sign before
it.

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Step 2: From the sum, subtract the number with the - sign before
it.

Worksheet 3:

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Worksheet 4:

16. In an election, candidate A got 2458 votes less than candidate B.

If candidate B got 2,85,765 votes, how many votes did candidate
A get?
17. 50,000 copies of a book have to be printed and bound. In a week,
25.540 books were completed. How many are left?
18. The population of Karimganj is 23,678. The population of
Azamgarh is 46,567. Which town has a larger population? How
much more?
19. Mr. Khanna had ₹20,000 in his bank account. He took out
₹10,855 to buy a sofa. How much money is left in his bank
account?

Checking subtraction by adding

To check the answer to a subtraction problem, add the difference

to the smaller number. If your answer is correct, you will get the
greater number.

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Example 3: Check:
56,843 - 27,968 = 28,875
Check: Difference + smaller number = greater number
28,875 + 27,968 = 56,843
Therefore, the answer is correct.

Subtraction with zeroes

Example 2: Subtract 45,678 from 90,000
To subtract the ones, you have to regroup. There are no tens,
hundreds or thousands in the bigger number. So you have to
regroup the ten thousands.
Regroup ten → Regroup ten → Regroup ten → Regroup ten
thousands thousands thousands thousands

Note: See Problem Solving on page 33 for an easier method of

subtraction with zeroes.

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Checking subtraction by adding
To check the answer to a subtraction problem, add the difference
to the smaller number. If your answer is correct, you will get the
greater number.
Addition and subtraction of money
You have learnt addition and subtraction of money in Class 3. Recall
that to add or subtract, you have to:
• write the money amounts one below the other, taking care that
the decimal points lie one below the other.
• add or subtract in the usual way, just as you add or subtract
other numbers.
• take care to put the decimal point in the correct place— just
below the other decimal points.

Another way of finding the answer to a sum like 3365 - 1302 + 2304
is to first do the subtraction (3365 - 1302) and then add the answer
to 2304. You will get the same answer.

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Worksheet 5:
1. Make the bill and find the total amount spent on the following
things.
1 kg sugar for ₹ 35.50
500 g cashew for ₹ 450.25
100 g biscuits for ₹ 54.75
If the amount paid is ₹600, what is the change received?
2. Nasim spent ₹ 13.50. He had ₹ 11.50 left. How much money did he
start with?
3. Payal wants to buy a skirt that costs ₹ 123.95. She has only ₹ 93.00.
How much mom money does she need to buy the skirt?

C. Time Based Subtraction

Follow these steps:
• Subtract the hours
• Subtract the minutes
• If the minutes are negative, add 60 to the minutes and subtract
1 from hours.
Like this:
Easy example: What is 4:10 - 1:05 ?
Subtract the Hours: 4−1 = 3
Subtract the Minutes: 10−5 = 5
The minutes are OK, so the answer is 3:05
Hard example: What is 4:10 - 1:35 ?
Subtract the Hours: 4−1 = 3
Subtract the Minutes: 10−35 = −25
The minutes are less than 0, so:
add 60 to Minutes (−25+60 = 60−25 = 35 Minutes)

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and subtract 1 from Hours (3−1 = 2 Hours)
The answer is 2:35
(Note: did you see how we changed "−25+60" to "60−25" ... that is
perfectly fine and makes the calculation easier.)
Adjusting The Hours
The hours can also end up too large or small!
To fix that first we must know if it is 24-Hour Clock or AM/PM:
24-Hour Clock
When Hours end up less than zero: add 24
When hours end up more than 23: subtract 24
Example: What is 16:20 + 9:35 ?
Add the Hours: 16+9 = 25
Add the Minutes: 20+35 = 55
The minutes are OK
The hours are more than 23, so subtract 24: 25−24 = 1
The answer is 1:55 of the next day.
Example: What is 4:10 − 6:15 ?
Subtract the Hours: 4−6 = −2
Subtract the Minutes: 10−15 = −5
The minutes are less than 0, so:
add 60 to Minutes: −5+60 = 60−5 = 55 Minutes
and subtract 1 from Hours: −2−1 = −3 Hours
The hours are less than 0, so add 24: −3+24 = 24−3 = 21
The answer is 21:55 of the previous day.
12-Hour Clock (AM/PM)
For 12-Hour Clock it is best to convert to 24-Hour Clock, do the
calculations then convert back.

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Example: What is 3:20 PM − 16:05 ?
3:20 PM is 15:20
Subtract the Hours: 15−16 = −1
Subtract the Minutes: 20−5 = 15
The minutes are OK
The hours are less than 1, so add 24: −1+24 = 24−1 = 23
The answer is 23:15, which is 11:15 PM of the previous day.
Worksheet 6:
(1) The population of a town in 2013 was 38,250. It increased to
42,703 in 2014. Find the increase in population.
(2) There were 12,456 bags of wheat in a godown. 3,578 bags were
taken out on Monday, and 4,576 were taken out on Tuesday. How
many bags of wheat remain in the godown?
(3) From a wire 30,000 m long, two pieces of 12,455 m and 10,455 m
were cut. Find the length of the remaining wire.

D. Solved examples

1. Study this pattern.

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Let us use this pattern to work out 5000 - 2456 more easily.

Here are some quick methods of adding and subtracting certain

types of numbers, by breaking up one of the numbers.
2. Add 1258 and 18.
Breakup 18 as: 18 = 20-2
Therefore, to add 18, first add 20 then subtract 2.
1258 + 20 = 1278
1278 - 2 =1276
3. Add 3452 and 23.
23 = 20 + 3
To add 23, first add 20 then add 3.
3452 + 20 = 3472
3472 + 3 =3475
4. Subtract 19 from 1358.
19 =20 - 1
To subtract 19, first subtract 20, then add 1.
1358 + 20 = 1338
1338 + 1 =1339
5. Subtract 32 from 4397
32 = 30 + 2
To subtract 32, first subtract 30, then subtract 2.
4397 -30 = 4367
4367 - 2=4365

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6. Subtract ₹175.25 from₹ 200.00

7.

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E. Practice yourself

21. Solve
(a) 7763 + 4594-306 =_______
(b) 3365-1302 +2304 =_______
(c) 9896 - 2723 +6516 =______
(d) 2335 +1545-3666 =_______
(e) 2405 - 1209 + 3568 =_____
(f) 5000-1234+3000=________

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22. (a) Subtract 4990 from 55,434
(b) Subtract 12,345 from 50,000
(c) Find the difference between 23,000 and 9999.
(d) Find the difference between 35,287 and 47,363.
(e) Subtract 32,824 from 51,600
(f) Subtract 13,876 from 36,232
(g) Find the difference between 63,569 and 64,679
(h) Find the difference between 40,000 and 9999
23. Choose the correct answer.
(a) If 38,666 - 27,345 = 11,321, which of the following is true?
i. 38,666 + 11,321 = 27,345
ii. 38,666-11,321 = 27,345
iii. 27,345-11,321 = 38,666
iv. Both ii and iii
24. If 27,305 + 12,327 = 39,632, which of the following is true?
i. 39,632-12,327 = 27,305
ii. 39,632-27,305 = 12,327
iii. 12,327 + 27,305 = 39,632
iv. All of these
25. If a number is added to itself, the answer is:
i. 0 ii. 1
iii. Double the number iv. Half of the number
26. If a number is subtracted from itself, the answer is:
i. 0 ii. 1
iii. Double the number iv. Half of the number

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27.

(e) 2639-28 =__________

(f) 4166-39 =__________
(g) 1639-17 =__________
(h) 2897-32 =__________
(i) 6528-23 =__________
(j) 3895-43 =__________

1. Applying money to everyday life (story sums)

(a) How much change will be returned if Akash buys a pack of 4
chocolate bars for ₹ 86.95 and pays the shopkeeper ₹100?
(b) Anuradha buys chocolates for ₹ 25.75, biscuits for ₹28.50 and
ice-cream for ₹ 28.75. How much money did she spend? If she
pays with one 100 note, how much change does she get back?
(c) Make the bill for the following items and find the amount
spent.

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1 kg potatoes for ₹ 12.75
1 kg onions for ₹ 25.75
1
kg beans for ₹ 15.50
2

1 kg cauliflower for ₹ 10.00

If a ₹ 500 note is given to the shopkeeper, how much will he
return?
(d) Anand bought a television set and a music system for ₹
86,499. The cost of the television set was ₹ 45,789. What was the
cost of the music system?
2. The population of Town A is 34,325. The population of Town B is
34,750. Which town has a larger population? How much more?
3. A car company produced 95,556 cars in a year. They sold 84,324
cars. How many cars were left unsold?
4. Nina had ₹ 100. She spent ₹ 91.75 on food. How much money is
left with her?
5. On Saturday evening 5450 people visited India Gate. Out of
these 1265 were men, 1150 were women and the rest were
children. How many children visited India Gate?
Hint: see the figure:
Men=1265 Women=1150 Children=?

Total 5450
6. Mr. Gopal earns Rs. 24,375 per month. Mrs. Gopal earns Rs. 20,785
per month. They spend Rs. 30,500 in a month. How much money
do they save every month?

Cross-curricular Questions

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The lengths of some important rivers in India are as follows:
Ganga: 2620 km
Brahmaputra: 2950 km
Narmada: 1290 km `
Famine: 1370 km
Godavari: 1465 km
Krishna: 1300 km
Which is the longest river in India?
How much longer is it than the second longest river?
Write the lengths of the rivers correct to the nearest 100 km.
Life Skill
Often when you go shopping, you have to estimate the amount of
money you should carry. You can do this by rounding off and
adding. You want to buy a pen (approx. ₹15), a book (approx ₹ 85)
and a notebook (approx. ₹ 18). How much money should you carry?
Rounding off and adding: ₹ 15 + ₹ 85 + ₹ 18 → ₹ 20 + ₹ 90 +₹ 20 = ₹
130
7. Estimate the sum by rounding off.
(a) 23 + 56 + 78 + 16 (to nearest 10)
(b) 145 + 260 + 375 (to nearest 100)
8. Estimate the sum of money you should carry with you when you
go shopping for these items.
Mangoes - ₹ 66,bananas - ₹ 35, pears - ₹ 58, oranges - ₹ 45

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F. Solutions

Worksheet 1:
1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 13. 4. 10. 5. 20. 6. 25. 7. 34.
8. 33. 9. 22. 10. 14. 11. 20. 12. 19. 13. 7. 14. 22.
15. 4. 16. 39. 17. 9. 18. 29. 19. 16. 20. 13.
Worksheet 2:
1. 11. 2. 16. 3. 34. 4. 24. 5. 50. 6. 62. 7. 85.
8. 84. 9. 56. 10. 36. 11. 49. 12. 48. 13. 18. 14. 57.
15. 12. 16. 99. 17. 22. 18. 74. 19. 40. 20. 34
Worksheet 3:
1. 81. 2. 115. 3. 239. 4. 167. 5. 351. 6. 441. 7. 599.
8. 594. 9. 393. 10. 250. 11. 345. 12. 339. 13. 125. 14. 396.
15. 78.
Worksheet 4:
1. 1621. 2. 2295. 3. 4811. 4. 3370. 5. 7052. 6. 8858. 7. 12026.
8. 11926. 9. 7888. 10. 5015. 11. 6917. 12. 6806. 13. 2499.
14. 7950. 15. 1576. 16. 283307. 17. 24460. 18. Azamgarh,
22889. 19. ₹9145.
Worksheet 5:
1. ₹59.50 2. ₹25.00. 3. ₹30.95
Worksheet 6:
1. 4453. 2. 4302. 3. 7090.

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Novice level

1. 1. 2. 5. 3. 4. 4. 9. 5. 3. 6. 10. 7. 2. 8. 12.
9. 7. 10. 6. 11. 4. 12. 0. 13. 4. 14. 10. 15. 2. 16. 13.
17. 10. 18. 11. 19. 10. 20. 7.
21. a. 12051. b. 4367. c. 13689. d. 214. e. 4764. f. 6766.
22. a. 50444. b. 37655. c. 13001. d. 12076. e. 18776.
f. 22356. g. 1110. h. 30001
23. II. 24. IV. 25. III. 26. I.
27. e. 2611. f. 4127. g. 1622. h. 2865. i. 6505.
j. 3852=

Advanced level

1. a. ₹13.05. b. ₹83.00, ₹17.00. c. ₹64.00, ₹436.00. d.

40710.
2. B, 425. 3. 11232. 4. 8.25. 5. 3035. 6. ₹14660

24