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INMARSAT-C MOBILE EARTH STATION

MODEL FELCOM 12
c FURUNO E L E C T R I C C O., LT D. Yo u r L o c a l A g e n t / D e a l e r

9-52, Ashihara-cho,
Nishinomiya, Japan 662

Te l e p h o n e : 0798-65-2111
Te l e f a x : 0798-65-4200

FIRST EDITION : APR 1998

All rights reserved. Printed in Japan

PUB. No. SME-56130-A

(KAOK) FELCOM 12
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Inmarsat System

1.1 System Overview 1-1
LES ID List 1-3
1.2 Inmarsat C Services 1-4
1) Store-and-forward Telex Service 1-4
2) Communication Services 1-5
3) Code 1-6
1.3 Communications Network 1-7
Inmarsat C Channels and Signals 1-9
1.4 Message & Signal Transfer 1-10
1. Ship-originated Call 1-10
2. Shore-originated Call 1-12
3. Log in 1-14
4. Log out 1-14
5. Distress Alert 1-15
1.5 Different Classes of Inmarsat-C MES 1-16
Class 1 MES 1-16
Class 2 MES 1-16
Class 3 MES 1-16

Chapter 2 Channel Types and Signal Prosessing

2.1 Channel Types 2-1
1. NCS CC/CES TDM Channel 2-2
2. Signalling Channel 2-3
3. SES Message Channel 2-5
2.2 Signal Processing 2-6
1. Signal Processing Flow for Each Channel 2-6
Chapter 3 Block Description
3.1 General 3-1
3.2 Block Diagrams 3-2
1. Antenna and Communication Units 3-2
2. Terminal Unit 3-3
3.3 Functions of each board 3-4
3.4 Antenna Unit (IC-112) 3-5
3.5 Communication Unit (IC-212) 3-7
1. TX board (16P0157) 3-7
2. RF CON board (16P0147) 3-7
3. CPU board (16P0148) 3-9

Chapter 4 Location of Parts

4.1 Antenna Unit (IC-112) 4-1
4.2 Communication Unit (IC-212) 4-3
4.3 Distress Alert Unit/Received Call Unit (IC-302/303) 4-5

Chapter 5 Maintenance
5.1 PV (Performance Verification) Test 5-1
5.2 LED Check 5-4
5.3 Check Points 5-5
Measurement of DEMOD output 5-5
5.4 DIP Switch Setting 5-6
External Alarm Setting 5-6
5.5 Memory Contents Backed-up by Battery 5-7
Communication Unit: EE-PROM 5-7
Communication Unit: S-RAM(U40) 5-7
Terminal Unit Flash ROM 5-7
Memory for Menu Settings 5-8
5.6 Updating System Program 5-9
1. Terminal Unit 5-9
2. Communication Unit 5-10
5.7 Replacement of Backup Battery 5-11
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
6.1 Self-Test 6-1
1. Self-test at Power-up 6-1
2. Self-test by F7 Key (F7:Test) 6-2
6.2 Description of Status Monitor Display 6-3
Analysis of NG Display 6-5
6.3 Error Messages 6-10

Appendix 1 Menu List AP1-1

Appendix 2 Specifications AP2-1
Parts List D-0
Circuit Diagrams S-0
 Chapter 1 Inmarsat System
1.1 System Overview
The Inmarsat system divides the world into four regions and each region is covered by its
own satellite. The regions are Atlantic Ocean Region-East (AOR-E), Atlantic Ocean
Region West (AOR-W), Pacific Ocean Region (POR), and Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
The system consists of the bodies shown in the figure below. Each region has its own
SCC (Satellite Coordination Center), NCS (Network Coordination Station), and several
LES (Land Earth Stations).

The OCC is the nerve center of the system and is located at Inmarsat's London
headquarters.
The OCC provides round-the-clock coordination of all functions in the Inmarsat system.

OCC

SCC
NCS

LES LES LES

Same as left Same as left Same as left

Satellite

MES

AOR-W AOR-E IOR POR

Atlantic Ocean Region-West Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean
Region-East Region Region

OCC : (Operation Control Center)

SCC : (Satellite Control Center)
NCS : (Network Coordination Station)
LES : (Land Earth Station), same as CES
MES : (Mobile Earth Station), same as SES

Figure 1-1 Inmarsat Bodies

1-1
1-2
LES ID List

LES AOR WEST AOR EAST IOR POR

Perth 322 222
Goonhilly 002 102
France Telecom 121 321
Burum 012 112 312
Blaavand 131
Eik 104 304
Sentosa 328 210
Tangua 014 114
Nakhodka 212
Odessa 107 307
Maadi 103
Arvi 306
Umm al Aish 106
Fucino 105 335
Thermopylae 305
Jeddah 315
Yamaguchi 303 203
Santa Paula 201
Sintra 118
Southbury 001 101
Ata 110 310
Kumsan 308 208
Raisting 115 333
Beijing 311 211
Psary 116 316
Boumehen 314
Buitrago *
Laurentides 032 132
Nonthaburi 319
Goonhilly Goonhilly Thermopylae Singapore
NCS
044 144 344 244

*:scheduled

1-3
1.2 Inmarsat C Services
The Inmarsat C system provides the following communication services. That is, all LESs
supports these services.
(1) Store-and-forward Telex message service
(2) EGC (Enhanced Group Call) broadcasting
(3) Distress alerting and safety services

The following services are also available if supported by the CES selected.
• Ship-to-shore half duplex communication
• Full duplex communication
• Polling: Individual polling, Group polling, Area polling
(The facility whereby an operational center sends an instruction to selected MES, to
perform a defined task, such as return a pre-assigned data report.)
• Data reporting
(Data report, such as ship's position is sent regularly to a terrestrial subscriber.)
• EGC Fleet NETTM service (Commercial service)

1) Store-and-forward Telex service

In the store-and-forward techniqne, data that is to be transmitted is converted into digital
form, and sent in data packets over the satellite link, to be stored and subsequently
forwarded to the called party when traffic loading permits.
The following briefly describes how a MES sends a ship-to-shore message.
The MES operator prepares the message in the text editor. The MES stores the message
in its DTE, ready to pass it to the DCE for transmission.
The DCE transmits a channel assigment request to LES.
After receiving a channel assigment, the DCE starts transmitting the message in packets.
The LES checks the receivied packets for errors, and if it finds any, returns an
acknowlegement packets identifying the packets in error.
The CES receives all the data packets with no errors, and forwards the message via
public network to the intended desitination.

1-4
2) Communication services
TELEX: The MES can send and receive messages to and from a telex terminal
connected to the international telex networks.
The standard alpha-numeric character set known as Telex or ITA2 or 5-bit
packeted.
This character set is based on 5-bit codes, and supports only upper case
characters, so any lower case characters entered on your MES will be received
at the destination as upper case.
Note that if the destination is a Inmarsat C terminal, this limitation is ignored.
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network):
The MES can send and receive messages to and from a computer or E-mail
service on the international PSTN (telephone) landlines. If the land subscriber
uses a modem T30 FAX, the MES can send messages to the fax.
PSDN (Packet Switched Data Network):
The MES can send and receive messages to and from a computer or E-mail
service on the international PSDN (data) landlines.
These networks are also known as the X.25 networks.
The Internet E-mail service uses this network.
X.400 (Electronic Mail):
The MES can send and receive messages to and from registered subscribers to
E-mail services which use the X.400 communications standards (protocol) on
the PSDN landlines.
This service is not available yet.
DNID (Data reporting Network ID):
For a data reporting closed network, the owner/shipping company must register
the MES with the relevant operational center. The center arranges with an
Inmarsat-C CES to download data reporting network identification information,
comprising a data network identification (DNID) code and a member number
within the group.
CSDN (Circuit Switched Data Network):
This service is not available yet.
SPEC: 2-digit codes
Special service provided by a LES is accessible, using a special access code.
Two-digit codes are examples of special access code.
E-mail: E-mail can be sent through the LES which supports E-mail service.
The MES must register with the LES at first time and use the mail format
specified by each LES.
22.5k byte image file can be attached to the E-mail if the LES supports.

1-5
3) Code

IA5: Known as ASCII, characters 7-bit codes.

Supporting characters in messages sent or received using international alphabet 5.
Specify this code to transmit English containing lower case alphabet.
ITA2: Known as 5 bit packed.
International Telegraph Alphabet 2 supports only upper case. Specify this code
for message which contains only No.2 international communications alphabet.
ITA2 code is transmitted faster than IA5 code. Land-based telex machines use
ITA2. The LES converts all codes into ITA2. Codes which cannot be converted
is shown with a question mark.
DATA: Known as 8-bit data format.
Used when sending data.

Destination
Message Destination Type Code Remarks
Network
Inmarsat-C TELEX IA5
Telex terminal TELEX IA5
English
FAX terminal PSTN IA5 Modem Type : T30 FAX
E-mail PSDN IA5
Inmarsat-C PSDN DATA
Telex terminal not available
Japanese
FAX terminal not available
E-mail PSDN DATA
Inmarsat-C PSDN DATA
Telex terminal TELEX IA5 Thermopylae only
Russian
FAX terminal not available
E-mail PSDN DATA
Inmarsat-C PSDN DATA
Data
Landlines PSDN DATA

1-6
1.3 Communications Network
The illustration below shows the Inmarsat-C network.

6 NCS/NCS
Network Signalling Channel
Coordination
Station (NCS)

2 NCS/CES 1 NCS Common Channel

Signalling Link

Mobile Earth Station (MES)

5 SES Signalling
Channel
Data landlines Land Earth
Data Terminal
Station 4 SES Message Equipment (DTE)
(LES) or Channel Data Circuit
Coast Earth Terminating 7
Telex landlines Equipment
Station 3 CES TDM
(CES) (DCE)
Channel EGC Received

8 Landlines

1) NCS commom channel

This channel is transmitted continuously (24 hours/day) by the NCS. All SESs must be
tuned to the NCS common channel when not engaged in message transfer. Its main
functions are;
a. shore-to-ship message announcements
b. ship-to-shore message announcements
c. polling commands
d. EGC message transmission
e. login and logout acknowledgement

2) NCS/CES signalling link

This is the link between an NCS and all LESs in its region. Its functions are;
a. establishing initial signalling link between CES and NCS to transmit via the NCS
common channel
b. forwarding EGC message to NCS
c. forwarding NCS received distress alerts to LES.

3) CES TDM channel

This channel carries all signalling and message traffic to the SESs concerned with
message transfer with a particular LES.

1-7
4) SES message channel
The SESs use this channel to transfer messages to a LES. Each LES has a number of SES
message channels assigned to it by the NCS. Message transfer begins with the reception
of a logical channel assignment packet. Allocation of SES message channels to SESs is
done by the LES via the assignment packet.

5) SES signalling channel

This channel is used by the SESs to transmit signalling packets (channel assignment
request, distress call, data reporting, etc.).
Each LES have more than one SES signalling channels.

6) NCS/NCS signalling link

This is an inter-regional data connection between each of the NCSs. It functions for
NCSs to exchange information about SESs currently operational in their coverage area.

7) MES interface
The MES consists of the Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) and the Data
Terminal Equipment (DTE). In this system, the DCE consists of the antenna unit and the
communication unit. And the DTE consists of the terminal unit (or PC).

8) Terrestrial network interface

The major functions of the LESs are;
(1) Store-and-forward telex service
(2) EGC broadcasting
(3) Distress alerting and Safety services

LES channel assignment

All LES channel assignments are made by the NCS in its region; the assignments can be
permanent or demand assigned on the following channels.
(a) CES TDM channel
(b) SES signalling channel (40 CH max per CES TDM channel)
(c) SES message channel requested by LES

1-8
Inmarsat C Channels and Signals
Data Report
Distress
Polling Status
Commission&Test Request
Registration
SES Status, SES Status Request
TDM Assignment
TDM Release Ack

Land Eart Station Network Coordination

Interstation Signalling Channel
(LES) Station (NCS)

Acknowledgement Confirmation
Announcement Response Distress

SES Signalling Channel

Data
Assignment Response EGC
Announcement
Clear Polling Request

NCS Common Channel

Bulletin Board
Data Reporting SES Status
Confirmation
Distress Alert SES Status Request
CES TDM Channel

Acknowledgement Distress Alert Ack

SES Message Channel

Forced Clear TDM Release

Acknowledgement Requset EGC
Assignment Request Test Result
Bulletin Board Log in Ack
Request for Transfer Status
Log out Ack
SES Signalling Channel

Request for Message Status Clear

Data Packets Network Update
Distress Alert Ack Polling
Distress Test Request Data Report Request Status
Forced Clear Distress Alert
Logical Channel Assignment Initiate Call
Message Status Log in Request
Request Status Log out Request
Test Results Message Status Request
Test Request

Ship Earth Station (MES)

The MES operates in the TX frequency band 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz and the RX
frequency band 1530.0 to 1545.0 MHz.
The channel numbers are assigned in increments of 5 kHz as follows:

Channel No. TX (MHz) RX (MHz)

6000 1626.500 -
6002 1626.505 -
: : -
: : -
8000 1631.500 1530.000
8002 1631.505 1530.005
: : :
: : :
13998 1646.495 1544.995
14000 1646.500 1545.000

1-9
1.4 Message & Signal Transfer
1. Ship-originated Call
The following describes how an MES send a ship-to-shore message, using store-and
forward techniques.

MES LES NCS

Creating message

Tunes to NCS CC
NCS CC
Decodes BB
(LES network data)

Transmitting message
CES TDM
Tunes to CES TDM

Tunes to SES
signalling channel SES Sig. ch

(Assignment Request)
When LES is idle.
ISL NCS updates data on this MES
CES TDM to busy.
Tunes to CES TDM (MES Status: busy)
(Channel Assignment)

Tunes to SES
message channel
SES Message ch
(Message)

CES TDM
Tunes to CES TDM
(Acknowledgement)
CES TDM
(Clear)
NCS CC
Re-tunes to NCS CC ISL

NCS updates data base

(MES Status: idle) (MES status changed to idle).

END

ISL) Interstation Signalling Link

1-10
Ship-to-shore Message Transfer Steps

1. The MES normally receives via the NCS common channel, which contains network
configuration information (LES frequency, etc.).
2. The MES tunes to the shore-to-ship CES TDM frequency for the required LES.
3. The MES sends an "Assignment Request" packet on a signalling channel associated
with the CES TDM.
4. In response to the "Assignment Request" packet, the LES informs the NCS that it is
communicating with the MES.
5. The LES sends the MES an "Assignment" packet. This establishes the link between
LES and MES.
6. The MES sends the message on the assigned channel slot timing.
7. After the LES receives all messages it sends "Aknowledgement" to the MES.
8. This "Acknowledgement" packet contains a list of any packets that were missed or
received in error. Reception of an "Acknowledgement" packet prompts the MES to
retransmit any messages in error.
9. When all messages are received error free, the LES sends "Clear" to the MES and
tells the NCS that the MES is idle.

1-11
2. Shore-originated Call
The following describes how a subscriber to the public telecommunications networks can
send a message to an MES.

Call
Terrestrial LES
subscriber
Check if MES is logged-in.
Message

Stores all message. NCS

ISL Check of MES status.
• not in the region
(MES Status Request • Idle
+ Announcement) • Busy

MES (MES Status)

When MES is idle.
Tunes to NCS CC
NCS CC
Receives update on BB and
tunes to CES TDM channel. (Announcement) ISL
And decodes BB & SCD.
(MES Status: Announcing)
Tunes to SES SES Signalling Channel
signalling channel
(Assignment Response)
ISL
NCS updates data on this MES
(MES Status: busy) to busy.

Message Reception
CES TDM
Tunes to CES TDM
channel (Message)
Receives all messages
and finds packets in
error.
CES TDM

(Acknowledgement Request)
Tunes to SES signalling
channel SES Signalling Channel Retransmits any packets
received by MES in error.
(Acknowledgement)

CES TDM
Tunes to CES TDM (Clear)
NCS CC
Re-tunes to NCS CC After 60 sec.
ISL
NCS updates data base.
(MES Status: idle) (MES status changed to idle)

END

SCD) Signal Channel Descriptor Packet

ISL) Interstation Signalling Link
BB) Bulletin Board

1-12
Shore-to-ship Message Transfer Steps
1. On receipt of the call over the public networks, the LES checks its MES database, to
ensure that the MES is valid and logged-in.
2. The LES sends the result (MES status) to over the public networks.
3. If the MES is logged-in, the LES accepts and stores the incoming message.
4. The LES sends a MES status request over Interstation Signalling Link (ISL) to the
NCS in its ocean region.
5. The NCS checks its database to find the status of the MES, and returns this
information to the LES in a MES status packet over the ISL.
(a) Not in the region
(b) Idle (free)
(c) Busy (not free)
6. If the MES is idle, the NCS transmits a shore-to-ship announcement over its common
channel to the MES.
7. The MES receives the announcement and finds the CES TDM channel, to which it
should tune. And then, the MES tunes from NCS common channel to the CES TDM
channel.
8. The announcement signal contains the bulletin board and signalling channel packets,
which the MES uses to select a slot in one of the signalling channels to transmit an
"Assignment response" packet to the LES.
9. The MES transmits the "Assignment response" packet to the LES. This establishes
the connection between MES an LES.
10. The LES sends a "MES status" packet to the NCS indicating busy status.
11. The LES transmits the message on the LES TDM channel to the MES.
12. After the message is transmitted, the LES sends a "Acknowledgement request"
packet to the MES.
13. In response to the "Acknowledgement request" packet, the MES sends an
"Acknowledgement" packet, which contains a list of any packets that were missed or
received in error. Reception of an "Acknowledgement" packet prompts the LES to
retransmit any messages in error.
14. After all packets have been received error free, the MES sends the
"Acknowledgement" packet.
15. If there are no further calls, the LES begins the call clearing process by sending a
"Clear" packet.
16. After receiving the "Clear" packet the MES synchronizes to the NCS common
channel to go to idle status.
17. The LES tells the NCS that the MES is idle.
18. The NCS updates its data base to show the MES is idle.

1-13
 Login and Logout
Each time the DTE and Communication Unit are turned on, the vessel should be
registered with the Inmarsat C system to enable communications between vessel and
CES. This is called login.
If the vessel is not going to be using the equipment for a prolonged period it should
logout from the Inmarsat C system so the vessel can be registered as inactive.

3. Log in

MES LES NCS

Power-up NCS CC

Tunes to NCS CC
SES Signalling Channel

(Log in Request)

NCS CC

(Log in ACK)

ISL
Updating ship list
(Registration)
Informs other NCSs.

4. Log out

MES LES NCS

SES Signalling Channel

(Log out Request )

NCS CC
(Log out ACK)

ISL
Deleting MES from
ship list
(MES Status)
Informs other NCSs.

ISL) Interstation Signalling Link

1-14
5. Distress Alert

MES LES NCS

( MES logged-in)

Tunes to NCS CC
NCS CC
Decodes BB
(LES network data)

Permanently assigned TDM

Channel
Tunes to CES TDM (Continuous transmission on
defined frequency)
Tunes to SES SES Signalling Channel
Signalling
(DISTRESS ALERT)
Channel

CES TDM
Tunes to CES TDM
(DISTRESS ALERT ACK)
ISL
Records MES distress alerted
(DISTRESS ALERT)

(DISTRESS ALERT ACK)

Demand Assigned TDM

Channel

(assigned temporarily on a
SES Signalling Channel
demand basis)

(DISTRESS ALERT)
Records MES distress alerted

NCS CC

(DISTRESS ALERT ACK)

ISL

(DISTRESS)

(DISTRESS ALERT ACK)

( MES logged-out) SES Signalling Channel

(DISTRESS ALERT)
Enforces a log-in for MES
sending distress alert.
NCS CC

(DISTRESS ALERT ACK)

Note) NCS Common channel includes the LES information, so the LES which receives
the distress alert is automatically selected.

1-15
1.5 Different Classes of Inmarsat-C MES
Different Classes of Inmarsat C MES are manufactured as below. The FELCOM12
belongs to class 2 MES.

Class 1 MES
This may be used only for ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship message transfer and distress
alerting, but is not able to receive EGC messages.
Inm-C Antenna

Transmitter Receiver

Message Processor

Class 1 (no EGC)

Class 2 MES
This is capable of two modes of operation (selectable by the operator):
1. As Class 1, and also capable of receiving EGC messages when not engaeged in
Inmarsat-C traffic.
2. Ready for EGC reception exclusively, (and not available in that mode for Inmarsat-C
message transfer).
Inm-C Antenna

Transmitter Receiver

Message Processor EGC Message Processor

Class 2

Class 3 MES
This has two independent receivers, one capable of two-way Inmarsat-C message transfer,
the other capable of receiving EGC messages. So this class makes possible the
independent simultaneous operation of both modes, via the one MES.
In addition to the above classes, Figure 8-1 shows that EGC receives may be fitted as
listed below.
Inm-C Antenna

Transmitter Receiver EGC Receiver

Message Processor EGC Message Processor

Class 3

1-16
 Chapter 2 Channel Types and Signal
Processing
2.1 Channel Types
A MES uses the following channels for the communications.
1) NCS Common Channel (NCS CC)
2) CES TDM Channel
3) SES Signalling Channel
4) SES Message Channel
Details of each channel are tabulated below.
NCS Common CES TDM SES Signalling SES Message
Channel Channel Channel Channel
MES signalling MES signalling NCS, LES
MES to LES
Use (Line control), (Line control), LES signalling
message
EGC, etc. to MES message (Line control)
Contents Refer to section 1.3.
TDM
(Time Division TDMA SCPC (Single
Continuous
TX method Multiplex), (Time Division Channel Per
TDM
Continuous or on Multiplex Access) Carrier)
demand
8.64sec/frame 1200 symbols/sec, 1200
8.64sec/frame
Speed 1200 28 slots symbols/sec
1200 symbols/sec
symbols/sec (2nd Gen.SV) (2nd Gen.SV)
Packet 640 bytes 640 bytes 15 bytes 128 bytes
Bulletin Board Every frame Every frame - -
Scrambling
Encoding
Signal Unique word 128 symbols 128 symbols 64 symbols 128 symbols
process (TX) Permuting -
Preamble - - - (192bits)
Interleaving -
Number of Symbols 10368 symbols 10368 symbols 316 symbols 10368

TDM: Time division multiplex. A process for transmitting two or more channel
signals simultaneously to MES over a common channel path by using
successive time intervals (time slots) for different channels.
TDMA:Time division multiplex access. A system which allows a plural number of
MES to access an LES (NCS) over a single transmission line by assigning
each MES a time slot on the TDM channel in which to transmit over.
SCPC: Single channel per carrier. Enables assignment of channel for a call.
Satellite

1.5
GH
Hz 1.6 z
6G GH NC
Hz 1.5 z SC
4G GH SE om
z

1.6
H

z SS mo
4G

GH nC
Hz

z CE ign
ST all ha
6G

Hz

SE DM ing nn
el
4G

SM Ch
ess Ch an
ag an ne
eC ne l
l
ha
nn
el
NCS

MES
LES
Figure 2-1

2-1
1. NCS CC/CES TDM Channel
The NCS common channel and CES TDM channels share a common overall structure.
The TDM channels are based on fixed-length frames of 10368 symbols tarnsmitted at
1200 symbols/s giving a frame time of 8.64S. 10,000 frames are transmitted every day
(8.64s x 10000= 24 hours).
Each frame carries a 639 byte information field, followed by a flush byte (all 0s).
The first packet in the information field is always the Bulletin Board (BB) packet.
The bulletin board contains information on the network configuration and the correct
frame number.

8.64sec (10368 TDM symbols)

TDM Frame TDM Frame TDM Frame

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 Type Length 1 Packet descriptor
Network Version 0 (gero) when in
Frame Format CES TDM
Frame Number

2-F Frame descriptor

Sig Channel

Count E Spare
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Channel Local Spare
1 TDM descriptor
Origin ID
Bulltin Board Packet Status

14 Service descriptor
Services

Signalling Channel Rnd Interval Randomizing Interval

Descriptor Packet
Check sum
14

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Message
0 Type Length 1 Packet descriptor
or Signlling Packet
A C D S L AE Spare

Satellite Freq. Code Indicating the channel of the

640 signalling channel

28 × 2bit
Slot
State
Markers

Check sum
13

Figure 2-2

2-2
2. Signalling Channel
The SES signalling channel packet is always a fixed length of 15 bytes (120 bits).
This channel is used for signalling from MES to LES and NCS. For example, the
packet "Assignment Request" contains MES ID, LES ID, message size, and
information of network to be connected. Further, short messages such as data
reporting (ship's position, speed and course, etc.) is sent to LESs and NCSs on this
channel.

8.64 sec

1 2 3 4 K 26 27 28

UW Convolutional Encoded Data

(64 Symbols) (253 Symbols)

316 Symbols
(263.5ms)
370 Symbols

Figure 2-3 Signalling Channel Frame Format

(2nd Generation Satellite, 1200 symbols per second)

The signalling channel is based on the frame length of 8.64 seconds. Each frame is
divided into 28 slots and the transmission rate for a burst within a slot is 1200
symbols/s for second generation satellite. There are two types of access to the
signalling channel: reserved and unreserved. For reserved access the slot that is to be
used by the MES is pre-allocated by the LES (Bulletin Board). For unreserved
access the MES selects slot(s) unreserved for data transmission.

2-3
SES Signalling Channel Packet Types

Packet Destination
1 Acknowledgement LES
2 Announcement Response LES
3 Assignment Response LES Note) P: Priority (Distress,
4 Clear LES Normal)
5 Data Report NCS & LES
6 Distress Alert NCS & LES C: Continuation (Last
7 Distress Alert Test LES packet in sequence,
8 MES Forced Clear NCS & LES
9 Login Request NCS
Another packet to follow)
10 Logout Request NCS
11 Message Status Request NCS & LES
Type:Packet type
12 Test Request NCS
13 Test Result Acknowledgement LES
Logical Channel No.:
14 Transfer Status Request NCS & LES Communication
15 Assignment Request NCS & LES Channel
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
P C Type 1 P C Type 1

MES ID MES ID

Logical Channel No. LES ID

Packets Service Depend Descriptor

Check sum

Destination
Descriptor

FILL

Check sum
15 15

3. Assignment Response 15. Assignment Request

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
P C Type 1 P C Type 1 Type 1 Type 1
P C P C
Logical Channel No.

Errored Packet No. MES ID MES ID MES ID

Errored Packet No.
Errored Packet No. LES ID Class
Check sum
Errored Packet No. Version Number
Errored Packet No.
Check sum
Errored Packet No. Position
Errored Packet No.
Errored Packet No.
Errored Packet No. P Nature
FILL FILL
Errored Packet No.
Course
Errored Packet No. Speed DA PA CU

Check sum Check sum

15 15 15
15

1. Acknowledgement 6. Distress Alert 9. Login Request 10. Logout Request

Figure 2-4 Signalling Channel Packet Formats

2-4
3. SES Message Channel
The message channels operate in TDMA mode and are controlled by the LES.
Message channels are used by MESs to transfer messages to an LES. Each LES has
one or more message channels assigned to it by the NCS.
Allocation of a message channel to an MES is performed by the LES using
assignment packets. Each message channel may be used by several MESs
simultaneously engaged in From-Mobile calls.
The message channel is quasi-continuous mode with variable frame duration
depending on the length of the message to be transferred.
A maximum frame length is 640 bytes or 5 packets. The first packet of a message
contains a mssage header, destination address and message data. The remaining
packets contain message data only. It takes 8.64 seconds to send 5 packets or one
frame. The message can be up to 32k bytes, that is, about 50 frames can be sent
consecutirely.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Packet No. 1 1
C : Delivery Class
C R Length
(Immediate/Deferred)
Logical Channel Number R : Confirmation Request
Presentation Control Message format (ITA2 or IA5)
Last Count Number of whole characters in
last packet of message

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Additional Information
1
Messagre Packet
No.1
127 Data
Flush byte : all "0"
128
Messagre Packet Check sum
No.2 127

Flush byte : all "0" 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14

256
Packet No. 2-5 1
Messagre Packet
No.3

Flush byte : all "0"

512
Messagre Packet
No.4
Data

Flush byte : all "0"

640
Messagre Packet
No.5

Flush byte : all "0"

640
Check sum
127

Figure 2-5 Message Channel

2-5
2.2 Signal Processing
1. Signal Processing Flow for Each Channel
Message are processed on each channel as below.

TX on SES TX on SES TX on NCS/CES RX on NCS/CES

Signalling Channel Message Channel TDM Channel TDM Channel

Message Message Message RX signal

Scrambling Scrambling Scrambling BPSK demod.

Convolutional Convolutional Convolutional

Detecting U.W.
Encoding Encoding Encoding
(Frame synch.)

Adding unique word Adding unique word Adding unique word De-permuting

BPSK mod. Interleaving Interleaving De-interleaving

TX signal Permuting Permuting Viterbi decoding

Adding pre-amble BPSK mod. De-scrambling

BPSK mod. TX signal Packet detection

TX signal Message

Scrambling
Data is scrambled by exclusive ORing original data with scramble generator output bit
by bit. Scrambling prevents 0 from continuing excessively; if 0 continues, clock
recovery would be reduced at the BPSK modulator. The scramble generator consists
of an eight step shift register and polynomial G.

Data

Scrambling DATA
Generator OUT
G +
+
(To encoder)
Modulo-2 adder
(exclusive OR)
G=X3+X4+X5+X7

LSB MSB (Shift Register)

X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
Start state : 1000000

Figure 2-6 Scrambling

2-6
Convolutional Encoding
The end of scrambled bit stream data of 120 bits is affixed with 6 bits of continuous
flash bits and sent to the half-rate convolutional encoder which consists of a 7 bits
shift register (constraint length-7) and two polynomials. 126 bits of signalling packet
input are encoder to 252 symbols. The first state of the shift register is all zeroes.
exclusive OR
+
G1=X0+X2+X3+X5+X6

G1
Formatted Coded symbols
(Scrambled) data (To interleaver)
X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
(Half-rate: Output of 2 bits
Start state: 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2 with input of 1 bit)

G2=X0+X1+X2+X3+X6
+
exclusive OR

Figure 2-7 Encoding

Unique Word
The 252 symbols from the encorder is affixed with an unique word (uw) to be used for
bit synchronization at the recorder. The uw is 64 bits in length on the SES signalling
channel and 64 × 2 bits on the NCS/CES TDM channel.

BPSK modulator
Interleaving and
symbol UW or
Permuting Encoder
interleaver
(added)

Figure 2-8 UW

Interleaving and Permuting Encoder

The figure below shows the interleave matrix, consisting of 64 rows by 162 columns.
Symbol data comes in column by column. Note that columns 0 and 1 are filled with
unique words.
Column
0 1 2 ....................................161

Row 0 1 65 10177
1 2 66 10177
2 3 67 10177
...............

Interleave Matrix

62 63 127 10239
63 64 128 10240
Bit stream

UW 64bits UW 64bits 1 2 3 ... 64 65 ... 128 .................. 10177 ... 10240

Figure 2-9 Interleave Matrix

2-7
The first 64 symbols of convolutional encorder output go to column 2, rows 0 to 63.
The next 64 symbols to column 3, rows 0 to 63 and so on.
The interleave block is transmitted on a row by row basis. The symbols in a row are
transmitted in asccending order of column position; that is, the two indentical unique
word symbols are transmitted first. However, rows are not transmitted in a sequential
order; they are transmitted according to a permuted sequence. If the rows in the
interleave block are numbered from i = 00 to i = 63 sequentially and the transmitted
order is from j = 0 sequentially through to j = 63; then, i and j are related by
i = (j × 39) modulo 64
1 st output j = 0 : i = (0 × 3S) modulo 64 = 0
2 st output j = 1 : i = (1 × 3S) modulo 64 = 39
3 st output j = 2 : i = (2 × 3S) modulo 64 = 14
Modulo 64 is the remainder of division by 64.

Column
0 1 2....................................161
Row 0 1 65 10177
1 2 66 10177
Permute Matrix
2 3 67 10177
...............

62 63 127 10239
63 64 128 10240

25 row ................. 39 row 0 row

(Last frame) (1st frame)

Figure 2-10 Permuting

Preambling
The SES message channel is quasi–continuous therefore a preamble is added to aid
acquisition. The maximum message length is 32k bytes (about 32000 characters), as
about 50 frames can be sent consecutively.

n frame 2nd frame 1sd frame

(max : 50)
10240bits 128bits

DATA UW ............... DATA UW DATA UW Preamble

clock regeneration : carrier recovery : 128bits

64bits all = 1

Figure 2-11 Preambling

2-8
BPSK Modulation
BPSK is a kind of phase modulation using a digital signal. Depending on carrier phase
difference, BPSK is expressed as 0 or 1. Data signal "0" is not phase shifted; data
signal "1" is phase shifted 180 degrees.

H L L H L
BPSK modulator

Carrier BPSK modulated signal

Digital signal
Phase no phase Phase Phase
change change change change
by 180° by 180° by 180°

Figure 2-12 BPSK Modulation

Frame synchronization
Detects a unique word.

De-permuting
Demodulated signal is de-permuted and input to the interleave matrix.

De-interleaving
Reassembles the message in the interleave matrix.

Viterbi Decoding
Decodes the viterbi-encoded signal.

De-scrambling
Scrambled signal is decorded.

2-9
 Chapter 3 Block Description
3.1 General
Interconnection diagram of FELCOM 12 is shown below.
Communication Unit: IC-212 and Antenna Unit: IC-112 are connected with a coaxial
cable, through which receiving signals of 1530.0 to 1545.0 MHz, transmitting signals
of 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz, and power supplies from IC-212 to IC-112 ( +29 V for the
transmitting and +18 V for the receiving ) are sent.
The signal transmission loss of the coaxial cable in 1.6 GHz band is estimated to be 3
to 13 dB, so the cable to be used should be selected from specified cables in
accordance with the cable length between the two units.
IC-212 consists of REG, CPU, RF CON, and TX boards. IC-112 consists of an
antenna board: ANT, a diplexer: DIPLEXER, and a helical antenna.
GPS position signals can be received with an optional GPS receiver board (GN-74)
installed in IC-212. The GPS signals are not only utilized for FELCOM 12, but
outputted therefrom in NMEA-0183 format. Outputted are GLL, GGA, VTG, RMC,
and ZDA.

FURUNO IC-112

IB-581

• 5D-FB-CV : 30m KEYBOARD

• 8D-FB-CV : 50m
• 12D-SFA-CV : 100m
COM 1

24V DC
KEYBOARD
COM 2

PRINTER

DC24V PP-510
ANT

DTE 1

DC24V
IC-302 IC-302 IC-303
IC-212

NP
NP NP

DC24V DMC 1
• IC-302 : Distress Alert Unit
DMC 2 • IC-303 : Received Call Unit

BUZZER

* NMEA
GPS received NMEA-0183
* AC/DC power Navaid
24V DC board
supply DTE 2
(PR-300) I/F BOX * EGC printer *
(OP16-14) (PP-505)
AC100/200
BATT 24V *
IB-581
DATA *
IB-581 *: optional
or PC

Figure 3-1 Configuration of FELCOM12

3-1
3.2 Block Diagrams
1. Antenna and Communication Units
12 ~ 16dBW (20W) -148 ~ -136dBW/m 2
TX : 1626.5 ~ 1646.5MHz RX : 1530.0 ~ 1545.0MHz

+1.5dBi

IC-112
+43dBm -141.5 ~ -129.5dBm

DIPLEXER
TX RX RX GAIN
DIPLEXER+ANT=33 ~ 38dB
GPS) 29 ~ 38dB
ANT

TX : -5 ~ +10dBm
RX : -118.5 ~ -91.5dBm

• D-FB-CV : 30m
• 8D-FB-CV : 50m Loss : -3 ~ -13dB
TX : +29V
• 12D-SFA-CV : 100m
RX : +18V

TX/RX L BAND

TX : +8 ~ 13dBm
FAN
RX : -120.5 ~ -94.5dBm
(on during TX)
TX : +30V
TX CB1
TX : 28dB
RX : +18V
• +12V
RX : -2dB REG
• TX ON TX/RX L BAND
• HPA ON HPA ON
1575.42MHz +5/15V
GPS
• SYN DATA/CK/LE RF CON
• HPA ON
GPS TD/RD

• REF CONT
• TX ON
TX S-DATA RX IF 50kHz
• 15.6MHz

CPU ANT VOL/CUR

• SYN UN-LOCK
• AGC LVL IC-212
PC / DATA

RCV BZ
DMC 1
DMC 2
NMEA
DTE 2
DTE 1

+24V

Figure 3-2 Block Diagram of Antenna and Communication Units

3-2
2. Terminal Unit (IB-581)

CPU CARD COM 1 DET 1

T. BOARD LCD (AR-B1374) IC-212
(16P0141) control COM 2
VGA CARD
LCD (AR-B1041)
CPU
Power supply 80386SX-33
for LCD PRINTER
illumination SIMM MODULE PRINTER
256k ×4 (PP-510)
FLASH ROM
(AT29C040) KEYBOARD
CONTRAST

FDD KEY BOARD

BRIGHT

(FD-235HF-7529) (BTC-5100C PS/2)

±5V/±12V
+5V POWER
(ACE-870C-B1)
VR
(16P0145) +24V
POWER 2A +24V
FIL
(16P0144)
IB-581 BREAKER

Figure 3-3 Block Diagram of Terminal Unit (IB-581)

3-3
3.3 Functions of Each Board
Unit PCB Name PCB Type Function Remarks
Consists of two pairs of antenna elements different in length,
Helical ant. -
generating a right circular polarization wave.
An isolation circuit between transmitting and receiving
signals. Its Isolation is: Do not
DIPLEXER - • TX → RX: more than 40 dB, adjust any
Antenna • RX → TX: more than 40 dB. screws.
Unit The loss in the pass band is less than 1.0 dB.
(IC-112) Comprises L-band amplifier circuits for signal transmission
(1626.5 - 1646.5 MHz) and reception (1530.0 - 1545.0 MHz).
The operational input voltage is +29 V for transmission and
ANT 16P0146 +18 V for reception. The amplifier gain is:
• -5 dBm (input) → +43 dBm (output) for transmission, and
• +33 to 38 dB for reception.
Consists of a switching circuit between transmitting and
receiving signals, and a transmitting amplifier circuit (L
TX 16P0157 band).
• Transmitting gain: +28 dB
• Receiving gain: -2 dB
Comprises a reference oscillator: VCXO (15.6 MHz),
transmitting/receiving synthesizer circuits, BPSK modulator,
and amplifier and frequency converter circuits for receiving
RF CON 16P0147 signals.
• Receiving IF signal: 50 kHz, supplied to CPU board.
Communi- • Transmitting modulation signal: S-DATA is fed from CPU
cation Unit board.
(IC-112) EE-PROM
Consists of BPSK demodulation circuit, control circuit,
(U11)
CPU 16P0148 transmitting/receiving signal processing circuits (by CPU),
Having
and input/output interfaces.
FID/RID
Includes a switching regulator power supply circuit with a 24-
V input which supplies +5 V, +12 V, and a power switching
circuit; between +29 V in TX and +18 V in RX. ANT VOL Fan is on
REG 16P0149
detection circuit to detect short-circuits in ANT coaxial cable during TX.
and ANT CUR detection circuit to detect transmitting power
are also included.
GPS GN-74 GPS receiver circuit Optional
CPU CARD AR-B1374 Controls printer, keyboard, main unit, and memory.
VGA CARD AR-B1041 Controls LCD.
FD-235HF-
FDD Controls floppy disk drive.
7529
Terminal
Power supply circuit for VGA CARD - LCD relay and LCD
Unit T. BOAED 16P0141
illumination.
(IB-581)
ACE-870C- Generates ±12 and ±5 V by a switching power circuit from
POWER
B1 +24-V input.
LCD LCD
FIL 16P0144 A power line filter
BTC-5100C
Keyboard A keyboard
PS/2
Printer PP-510 Centronics specifications Optional
Disterss Consists of a button-ON detector of distress alert unit, a lamp, Two units
IB-302 16P0150
Alert Unit and a buzzer. supplied
Received Consists of a reception buzzer, a buzzer-OFF detector, and an
IB-303 16P0150
Call Unit indicator lamp.
A circuit for converting RS-232C to current loop for the
I/F BOX OP16-14 Optional
purpose of extending PP-505 cable
EGC
PP-505 A printer exclusively used for EGC Optional
Printer
AC/DC
PR-300 An AC/DC automatic switching power supply Optional
PWR Unit

3-4
3.4 Antenna Unit (IC-112)
The transmitting signal from the Communication Unit (1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz) is
supplied to Antenna Unit with an input level of -5 to +10 dBm. The signal is
amplified in the ANT board  a C-class amplifier which amplifies an input of -5
dBm to an output of +43 dBm  , then sent through the diplexer to the antenna. The
transmitting signal is an EIRP of 12 to 16 dBW. The antenna is a Quadrifilar Herix
Antenna and radiates a right circular polarization wave. The antenna gain is 1.5 dBi.
The receiving signal from satellite (1530.0 to 1545.0 MHz) is supplied through the
antenna and diplexer to the ANT board, then amplified 33 to 38 dB, and output to the
Communication Unit.
The isolation between transmitting and receiving signals in the diplexer is more than
40 dB. The insertion loss of the diplexer is less than 1.0 dB.

RX : -148 ~ -136dB/m 2 (1530 ~ 1545MHz)

TX : 12 ~ 16dBW (1626.5 ~ 1646.5MHz)

ANT element

+1.5dBi

Q4/5 2SA1213/2SC2837
ANT (16P0146) TX12V

T/R CONT
RX12V 12V SW
U3
5V REG U2
RX : 1530 ~ 1545MHz AN78L05M AN7812F 12V REG
U1
FL1 TX28V T/R DET.

RX18V TX30V
-141 ~ -129dBm
Q1 Q2 Q14 µPC842G2
ATF10136 AT41486 AT42086 6DFC-1550K-10

VR1 : BIAS CR1 C30

TX28V HSMP-3894

-1dB TX : 1626.5 ~ 1646.5MHz

C81 C70
R36-38 75/1W ×3
FL2
DIPLEXER Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 U5 ATT
+44dBm MRF16030 MRF16006 PTB20078 AT42086 INA10386 -2dB 4DFB-1636G-12
U4

DS1-20R1.637G VR2 : BIAS VR3 : BIAS

RX -108.5 ~ -91.5dBm
RX18V TX29V

TX -5 ~ +10dBm

TX +8 ±13dBm
ANT RX -120.5 ~ -94.5dBm
Communication unit
(IC-212)
Attenuation : -3 ~ -13dB (1.6G BAND)
• 5D-FB-CV : 30m
• 8D-FB-CV : 50m
• 12D-SFA-CV : 100m

Figure 3-4 Block Diagram of Antenna Unit (IC-112)

3-5
3-6
3.5 Communication Unit (IC-212)
1. TX board (16P0157)
The TX board includes amplifier circuits and a transmission/reception switching
circuit. The receiving signal from the Antenna Unit is supplied to the RF CON board
through the transmission/reception switching circuit in the TX board. The switching
loss of the receiving signal is less than 2 dB.
The transmitting signal from RF CON board is amplified 28 dB and supplied to the
Antenna Unit through the transmission/reception switching circuit in the TX board.

TX: 1626.5 ~ 1646.5MHz TX (16P0157)

RF CON FL1
TX RF U1 Q1 Q2
(16P0147)
µPC2709 AT42086 AT42086 DFC31R64P034BHA RX -120.5 ~ -94.5dBm
C23 ANT
Ant.unit
+5V TX ON CR1
HSMP-3894
(IC-112)
RX RF RX: 1530 ~ 1545MHz TX +8 ~ 13dBm

• HPA ON

RX18V TX29V
• +12V • HPA ON
• +5V TX ON
• HPA ON
• HPA ON
REG
(16P0149)

Figure 3-5 Block Diagram of TX Board

2. RF CON board (16P0147)

A simplified block diagram of RF CON board is shown below. The RF CON board
includes a 15.6 MHz reference oscillator, a PLL synthesizer local oscillator for
transmission and reception, a BPSK transmitting modulator, and receiver circuits.
In the transmitting circuit a carrier of 1626.5 to 1646.5 MHz is modulated in BPSK by
serial data (S-DATA) which is supplied from CPU board.
In the receiving circuit a receiving signal of 1530.0 to 1545.0 MHz is converted to a
first IF signal of 90.05 MHz by mixing with a RX 1Lo signal of 1620.05 to 1635.05
MHz, and further converted to a second IF signal of 50 kHz by mixing with a RX 2Lo
signal of 90.1 MHz. This 50kHz signal (TP2: 4Vp-p) is supplied to the CPU board
and demodulated in BPSK there.
Block diagram of RF CON board is shown on next page.
RF CON (16P0147)
TP2
90.05MHz RX: 1530 ~ TX
50kHz 1545MHz (16P0157)
(4Vp-p)

90.1MHz 1620.05 ~
1635.05MHz
CPU 15.6MHz T/RX L Band
(16P0148) PLL3 PLL1/2 SW
RX18V
1626.5 ~ TX 29V
REF CONT 1646.5MHz T/RX Vcc
REF
TX: 1626.5 ~
S-DATA 1646.5MHz

BPSK MOD

Figure 3-6 Block Diagram of RF CON Board

3-7
 GPS: 1575.42MHz GPS RF GPS
(GN-74)

RX: 1530 ~ 1545MHz 90.05MHz 50kHz TP1 TP2

U24 FL4 U25 FL5 FL6 Q12
50kHz
RX RF U23 DIV U27 U28 U29 U30 U31 Q10 U32 50kHz IF (3dBm/1k Ω)
(4Vp-p)

AGC CPU
TX TP3
CR8 (16P0148)
(16P01570) R122
U33 DET U33
90.1MHz
HPA ON RX Lo: 1620.05
AGC LEV
~ 1635.05MHz U34
HPA ON REF (15.6MHz)
SYN DATA, CK, LE3 U10, 15, 34 SYN DATA
+12V 2nd Lo
PLL UNLOCK 3
UNLOCK 3
+5V TX U10
+5V TX ON REF (15.6MHz)
U7, 8 UNLOCK 1 U18 TX: 736.5 ~ U10, 15, 34 SYN CK
FL2 U39 SYN DATA, CK, LE2
Q7, 8 UNLOCK 2 731.5MHz MAIN
DIV U40
PLL UNLOCK 2
TX ON

3-8
UNLOCK 1
1633.3MHz U34 SYN LE3
U15
REF (15.6MHz) U10 SYN LE2
TX Lo: 1626.5 SYN DATA, CK, LE1 U15 SYN LE1
TX: 1626.5 ~ 1646.5MHz 890 ~ 915MHz SUB
~ 1646.5MHz
PLL UNLOCK 1
U41
TX RF UNLOCK 2
BPSK MOD U19
PLL IC: U10 / 15 (MC145158) 15.6MHz
VCXO
U34 (MC145170D1)
REF CONT
REF (15.6MHz) REF CONT
U4
U7 S-DATA TCO-976X1 ( 15.6MHz)
+5 /+12V S-DATA

HPA ON
TX ON
RF CON
(16P0147)

Figure 3-7 Block Diagram of RF CON

3. CPU board (16P0148)
A simplified block diagram of the CPU board is shown below. The CPU board
includes CPU1, CPU2, and interfacing circuits with outside. The functions of CPU1
are BPSK demodulation, and receiving signal processing, such as unique word
detection, de-permutation, de-interleaving, Viterbi decoding, de-scrambling, and
packet separation. The functions of CPU2 are communication protocol control, system
control for operating units, communication with terminal units, and processing of
transmitting data signal, such as scrambling, convolution encoding, adding unique
words, interleaving, permutation, and adding preambles.
The receiving 50kHz signal from the RF CON board is demodulated in BPSK and
quantized to a 3-bit signal. That is, the demodulated output (H- or L-level) is
expressed by 3 bits to indicate which level, H or L, is more probable for the output.
For example, if all three bits are H, it means it is most probable for the signal to be H.
This 3-bit quantized signal is processed in CPU 1 and then passed to CPU2. In
accordance with the content of the signal, CPU2 delivers a message to the own ship
and EGC message to terminals, or follows a protocol of communicative information.
During transmission, transmitting data such as IA2, ITA5, and DATA (binary) from
terminal units input to CPU2 through interfaces. CPU2 processes the transmitting
signal and outputs serial data (S-DATA) to RF CON board, where the serial data is
modulated in BPSK.
RF CON CPU
(16P0147) (16P0148)

BPSK modulation
1.5GHz Receiver RX: 50kHz
A/D

DSP
A/D

0/90° DDS
PLL 1/2/3

3 bit digital data

15.6MHz T/RX REF CLK

VITERBI CPU 1 Signal

REF REF CONT processing
(15.6MHz) D/A

DTE 1 : IB-581
SYN DATA I/F DTE 2 : IB-581
1.6GHz S-DATA (TX)
SHR PC/DATA
System control data (TX ON,HPA ON)
BPSK modulation I/F NAV
Detected data (PLL, AGC LVL)
CPU 2
Distress alert unit : IC-302
1) RX Signal processing
2) TX Signal prosessimg I/F Distress alert unit : IC-302
3) Communication protocol controlling
4) System Contorolling
Received call unit : IC-303
5) Interfacing

Figure 3-8 Block Diagram of RF CON and CPU Boards

3-9
 GPS
RS-232C Level
BATT converter PC/DATA
RX MODE

RUN
Flash PIO ERR
REF CONT D/A ROM SRAM SRAM SRAM RTC EE-PROM SIO (U13) SYN
REF (U10) ROM
(U36) HPA ON
(U12) (U39) (U51) (U40 ) (U27 ) (U11) (U22)
CONT (U26)

Dual port
RAM
(U41)
RAM INT SIO
CTC 0
(U53/52) RESET CTC 1 (U33)
VITERBI CTC 2
(U54) 8MHz
MRES (U17)
Watch Dog NMEA-0183
Timer NMEA level NAV DEVICE
Power ON converter
Reset
UNLOCK 1
RUN DIP SW UNLOCK 2
ERR CPU 2 (U23) (S1) UNLOCK 3
UWDET

RESET
PIO CPU1 Analog
CPU 2 PIN

RESET

3-10
TEST ANT CUR
LOCK A/D ANT VOL

8MHz
Analog
CARRIER PIN (U71) AGC LEVEL
INTP0
INTP1 PIO TX LEVEL
DEMODO ROM DMA 0
INTP2 DMA 1
DSP (U58) (U44)
SIO 0 TIM 0 RCV BZ
36MHz SIO 1 DMA 1 Level
TIM 1 DMA 0
50kHz TIM CTR 16MHz converter DMC 1
50kHz I RAM
(U56) RS-232C Level DMC 2
CPU 1 (U49) SIO 0
converter DTE 1
INTP0 RS-232C Level
Q DDS SIO 1 DTE 2
INTP1
(U66) converter
INTP2 TIM CRT
TIM 1 ALARM
TIM 0 BZ
driver
TX DATA
TX ON
BIO REF P/S S-DATA
TX ON
0/90 ° CONT DIV. S-DATA
CONV.
15.6MHz
15.6MHz

Figure 3-9 Block Diagram of CPU Board

CPU block
CPU board consists of a pair of CPU1 and CPU 2 a demodulator, and a Viterbi
decoder. Functions of each circuit are summarized as follows.
CPU1:
• Data entry of a receiving symbol every RX CLK
• Synchronous detection by unique words
• Receiving data processing before Viterbi decoding
• Frequency adjustment control
• Synchronization control of TX CLK
• TX start timing control

CPU2:
• Receiving data processing after Viterbi decoding
• Transmitting data processing
• Transmitting control
• Slot number control
• Synthesizer control
• Measurement of TX/RX level
• RF block monitoring
• Alarm processing
• Releasing alarm sound
• Clock control
• Data interfacing with terminals (DTE1, 2) and its data processing
• Data interfacing with DATA (PC) and its data processing
• Data interfacing with navigation devices (including internal GPS) and its data
processing
• Input/output control of distress alert unit (DMC1, 2) and received call unit
• Polling and data-reporting
• Forward and return ID handling

Demodulator:
• Regenerates RCV CLK from receiving IF signal (50 kHz, BPSK signal), and
demodulates to 3-bit quantized data.

Viterbi Decoder:
• Decodes 3-bit quantized data which is supplied from the demodulator through
CPU1.

3-11
Communication between DCE (Data Circuit terminating Equipment)
and DTE (Data Terminal Equipment)
The two units are connected by a serial I/O, using hardware that conforms to RS-232C,
start-stop synchronization, and non-procedure protocol. Communications between
DCE and DTE are in a free flow. However, DCE checks commands sent from DTE
and returns its responses to DTE. For example, suppose that DTE sends a setup data to
DCE and asks DCE for its various relevant data. If DCE does not return its response
within 2 seconds, DTE resends the request command up to twice. Then, if DTE does
not yet receive any response from DCE, DTE asserts a warning ' No response from
communication unit ' and terminates the communication process.

Communication parameters
• Baud rate : 4800
• Data length : 8 bits
• Stop bit : 1 bit
• Parity : ODD
• Flow control line : No (using TX/RX data line)

Signals between DCE and DTE

No. Command from DTE to DCE Information from DCE to DTE

1 Changing EGC channel Network information
2 Abort Current channel type
Rx message data
3 Alarm stop
(LES, date, priority, size, etc)
4 Finding TX message storage area EGC message
5 Login Login status
6 Logout TDM Information
7 Forced clear No. of RX message in DCE
8 Message transmission start BBER
Available memory size for RX message in
9 Distress alert
DCE
10 Start PV test start MES status
11 TX channel Current TDM type
12 Message delivery confirmation request NCS in use
13 Common channel assignment PV test result
14 NCS scan Message transmission result
15 Distress alert test Message delivery information
Request for repeating (distress alarm, distress
16 Response for repeating
alarm test)
DCE information
17 Message transfer (Status, position, Self-monitoring,
self-test result)
18 Self-test start Alarm (Print, command response, etc.)
19 Polling data

3-12
 Chapter 4 Location of Parts
4.1 Antenna Unit (IC-112)

Antenna element

N-type coaxial
connector Reflector

Figure 4-1 Antenna Reflector

Antenna element and reflector removed

Note: Do not adjust

any screws.

Diplexer Diplexer
cover

Figure 4-2 Diplexer

4-1
Diplexer cover removed

Cavity resonator

Antenna base fixing screw

(Hex. socket head bolt :
M6 x 30 4 pcs.)

Figure 4-3 Cavity Resonator

Antenna base cover

Antenna fixing hole

(4xM6)

Figure 4-4 Antenna Base

4-2
Antenna base cover removed

Antenna board
(16P0146)

Q7: Pre-driver
(PTB20078)

Q8: Driver
Q2: RX RF (MRF16006)
(AT41486)

Q1: LNA (ATF10136) Q9: PA (MRF16030)

U2: AVR (AN7812F) U4: Circulator

Figure 4-5 Antenna Board

4.2 Communication Unit (IC-212)

DMC 1 ANT 24V DC

BUZZER DMC 2 BREAKER

DTE 1 DATA GND

DTE 2 NMEA

Figure 4-6 Communication Unit, Rear Panel

4-3
Top cover removed

R21 (+12V ADJ) ANT

· RX:1530 - 1545MHz
(-120.5 ~ - 94.5dBm)
· TX:1626.5 - 1646.5MHz
(+8 ~ 13dBm)
REG board
(16P0149)

RX 2Lo PLL
(90.1MHz)
RF CON board
(16P0147) TX board
(16P0157)

MOD:U19
U4 : VCXO MAIN PLL SUB PLL
(TCO-976 x 1 15.6MHz) (736.5 - 731.5MHz) (890 - 915MHz)

Figure 4-7 RF CON/TX/REG Board

Figure 4-8 TX Board

4-4
Bottom cover removed

GPS board
LED:CR2/3/4/5/6 (Optional) U44:DEMOD ROM

U58:DSP
FAN
U66:DDS

U11:EE-PROM
(Forward and
return IDs
memorized) LED:CR7/8/9

CPU board
(05P0148)

BT1:CR1/2 8L JP 1 U39:CPU 1 ROM TP4 TP5

S1
(BACKUP BATT) (Used to measure Lissajous figure.)

Figure 4-9 CPU Board

4.3 Distress Alert Unit/Received Call Unit (IC-302/303)

Buzzer

Switch

BUZZER board
(05P0150)
T.B.

Figure 4-10 IC-302/303

4-5
 Chapter 5 Maintenance
5.1 PV (Performance Verification) Test
The PV test consists of the message reception test, message transmission test and distress
alert transmission test. The results of the test appear on the PV Test Result display (see
page 5-3).
The MES-originated PV test proceeds in the following sequence.
When an LES originates a test, the test starts from the step 5.

Sequence
1. Select PV test on the Test menu.
2. The MES requests NCS to conduct PV test.
3. The NCS acknowledges request for testing.
4. The MES, upon receiving acknowledgement from NCS, goes into pending state.
5. NCS selects a (not busy) LES to perform the test.
6. The LES transmits a test message to the MES.
7. The MES transmits the test message to the designated LES.
8. The LES receives the test message.
9. Distress alert testing. The MES transmits the distress alert transmission test, either
manually or automatically. (The distress alert is automatically transmitted if it is not
transmitted within two minutes after the completion of step 8.)
10. When the distress alert test is finished the results of the PV test are sent to MES.

5-1
Procedure
Be sure to Communication Unit is in idle condition and logged in before beginning the
test. This test can only be conducted from the main DTE.

1. Press [7] to display the "option" menu.

2. Press [6] to display the Test menu.
3. Press [1].
Options
Test
PV Test
Start

Yes No

4. Press [Enter] to transmit the PV Test request to NCS.

Options
Test
PV Test
Starting PV Test Process.
Automatic test mode : Normal communication disabled.
Do not press any distress button unless you are in
distress.

5. Press [Esc] to return to the default display.

6. The screen displays "Current State: IDLE (pending!)" when the acknowledge signal
is received from the NCS.
7. Testing begins and the screen displays "Current State: TESTING".
8. A to-mobile test message transfer and a from-mobile call the LES tests are
automatically carried out.
9. After about 2 minutes, a test distress alert is initiated.
10. When testing is completed the indication "TESTING" is replaced by "IDLE".

The test results appear on the Disp menu. (The next section shows how to interpret the
results.)

5-2
How to display the results of the PV test

1. At the default display, press [F7] to display the Disp menu.

2. Press [6].
Options
Test
1. PV Test
2. PV Test Result
3. Self Test
4. Distress Alarm Button Test

3. Press [2] key. The results of the PV test appear on the display.
Options
Test
PV Test Result
Ctrl + P : print ESC : quit
Test Date & Time 97-12-12 01 : 58 (UTC)

Attempts First attempt

BBER Pass
Shore - to - Ship Attempts First attempt
Ship - to - Shore Attempts First attempt
Distress Alert Pass (Test OK)
Signal strength Pass (Greater than Std level + 6dB)

Overall Result Pass (Applicable tests pass)

4. To escape, press any key. The default display appears.

The test result can be printed out by pressing [P] while pressing and holding down
[Ctrl].

Interpreting the PV Test Results Display

Test Date & Time: Date and time of test
Attempts: Number of times the PV test was conducted.
BBER: Bulletin Board Error Rate (%). "Pass" appears for no error.
Shore-to-Ship Attempts:Number of tests initiated by LES.
Ship-to-Shore Attempts:Number of tests initiated by MES.
Distress Alert: "Pass (Test OK)" appears for successful testing.
Signal Strength: "Pass" appears if Tx signal strength is greater than +6dB
(standard).
Overall Result: "Pass" appears for satisfactory completion of test.

5-3
5.2 LED Check
The table below shows LED state on the PCBs.

: on : blinking : off

Board LED No. State Function

CR 2 Blinks when CPU2 operates correctly.

(GRN)

CR 3 (RED) Lights when CPU2 error is detected.

Blinks when unique words are detected

CR 4 (GRN) (on for 8.14 sec, off for 0.5 sec)

CPU Board CR 5 (RED) Lights when CPU1 error is detected.

(16P0147)

CR 6 (GRN) Blinks when CPU1 operates correctly.

Lights during carrier signal acquisition and

CR 7 goes off when signal is aquired. (FFT)
(RED)

CR 8 Lights when signal is acquired. (FFT)

(GRN)

CR 9 Lights during set-up process at power-up.

(ORG)

FFT: Font Fourier Transform

CR 2
CR 3
CR 4
CR 5
CR 6

TP1

TP3 TP2 U44 : DEMOD

BUZZER U11 : EE-PROM
ROM

CR 7
CR 8
U39 : ROM CR 9

TP4 TP5

BATT S1

Figure 5-1 Location of LED and Test Point on CPU Board

5-4
5.3 Check Points
Board name TP No. Status Signal Remarks

TP 1 GND

TP 2 GND

CPU Board 5Vp-p

(16P0148) TP 3 (1200Hz) TX CLK

TP 4
DEMOD OUT Rx waveform, during synchronization
TP 5

TP 1 50kHz IF Rx waveform

TP2 50kHz IF Rx waveform output

RF CON Board 4Vp-p
(16P0147)
TP 3 Rx IF AGC Level on status monitor
DC5V ~ 6V AGC Level display; 130=5V, 100=4V, 80=3V

TP 4 GND

Measurement of DEMOD output

Oscilloscope Settings
• MODE : X-Y CONV
• VOLTS/DIV : 0.5/DIV
• TIM/DIV : X-Y
Connections
CH1 ------ TP4 or TP5
CH2 ------ TP5 or TP4
GND ----- TP1 or TP2

Lissajous Figures
• When C/N in status monitor display is 40dB
(synchronized); Two poles can be recognized.

• When C/N in status monitor display is 35dB

(synchronized); Two poles can be recognized.

• When C/N in status monitor display is 28dB

(not synchronized); Two poles cannot be recognized.
Note) The synchrozination is made when the C/N is 32dB or more.

Figure 5-2 Lissajous Figures

5-5
5.4 DIP Switch Setting
External Alarm Setting
All bits of the DIP switch S1 on the CPU board must be set to "OFF" position. If the
switch is set to "ON" position, the received call unit IC-302 and/or the distress message
controller DMC-5 cannot release alarm signal when a distress and an urgency (including
EGC) message are received.
Note that the distress alert unit IC-303 does not release alarm sound when a distress and
an urgency message are received.
CR 2
CR 3
CR 4
CR 5
CR 6
TP1

TP3 TP2 U44 : DEMOD

BUZZER U11 : EE-PROM
ROM

CR 7
CR 8
U39 : ROM CR 9

TP4 TP5

BATT S1

ON

OFF
1 2 3 4

Figure 5-3 CPU Board (16P0148)

SW No. Alarm type OFF ON Remarks

1 Always OFF - Factory use
2 Always OFF - Not used
3 Distress Output No output
4 Urgency Output No output

5-6
5.5 Memory Contents Backed-up by Battery
Communication Unit: EE-PROM

MES ID, Foward ID and Return ID is factory-programmed. When replacing

the CPU Board (16P0148), remove the EEROM from the old board and put it
on the new board.

CR 2

CR 4
CR 5
CR 3

CR 6
TP1

U11 (M6M80041P) : EE-PROM TP3 TP2 U44 : DEMOD

BUZZER U11 : EE-PROM ROM
Forward/Return ID programmed

CR 7
CR 8
U39 : ROM CR 9
U36
TP4 TP5
BACK UP
• U40 (SRM20100LLM70) : SRAM
BATT S1
• U36 (RTC62423) : TIMER JP1 U40

BACK UP ON/OFF

Figure 5-4 CPU Board

Communication Unit: S-RAM (U40)

1 System Setup Menu --------[F8] [2]
2 EGC Setup Menu-----------[F8] [5]
3 NCS Channel List Menu --[F8] [9] [4]
4 EGC Channel List Menu --[F8] [9] [3]
5 PV Test Result --------------[F7] [6] [2]
6 Distress Message Setup----[F8] [1]
7 Ship Position ----------------[F9]
8 Ocean Region ---------------[F7] [5]

Terminal Unit: Flash ROM

1 LES List Menu--------------[F8] [9] [2]
2 Station List Menu ----------[F8] [9] [1]
3 Editor Setup -----------------[F8] [3]
4 Terminal Setup -------------[F8] [4]
5 Auto Mode Setup-----------[F8] [6]
6 E-Mail Setup ----------------[F8] [7]
7 E-Mail Service List --------[F8] [9] [5]

5-7
Memory for Menu Settings

Stored onto;
FUNCTION Communication Terminal Communication
Menu unit S- unit unit S- Remarks
key
RAM:U40 (Flash RAM:U27
(Backed-up) ROM) (Not backed-up)
1. Transmit Message
[F3] : Transmit
3. Request Delivery Status
1. Display EGC Message
[F4] : EGC
2. EGC Network ID
1. Data Report
[F5] : Reports 2. Message Report
3. Data Network ID
1. Send Message Log
2. Receive Message Log
[F6] : Logs
3. EGC Log
4. Log
5. Ocean Region
[F7] : Options
6-2. PV Test Result
1. Distress Message Setup
2. System Setup
3. Editor Setup
4. Terminal Setup
5. EGC Setup
6. Auto Mode Setup
[F8] : Setup 7. E-Mail Setup
8. Directories FDD
9-1. Station List
9-2. LES List
9-3. EGC Channel List
9-4. NCS Channel List
9-5. E-Mail Service List
[F9] : Position Ship Position

5-8
5.6 Updating System Program
1. Terminal Unit
The following describes how to change the terminal software.
*Terminal software number: 16501161xx

Note) Flash ROM is assigned to Drive A, and floppy disk drive to Drive B.

Procedure
1. While pressing and holding down [Alt] and [Fn], press [F2]. "OK to quit system
Yes/No" appears.
2. Select "Yes" with the cursor, and press [Enter].
"A: > FELCOM12", MS-DOS prompt display appears.
3. Insert the program floppy disk.
4. Type [B] [:] and press [Enter].
The prompt, B: > appears.
5. Type [I] [B] [I] [N] [S] [T] and press [Enter].
After a while, "It is completed to install programs to A: >FELCOM12." appears. And
then, the message changes to "B: >".
6. Turn off the unit.
7. Insert a working floppy disk.
8. Turn on the unit. The normal display must appear.

5-9
2. Communication Unit

The system program for the CPU2 in the communication unit is stored onto the flash
ROM U26 on the CPU Board. Updating the software is made as follows.
*Program Number for CPU 2: 16501181XX
U26 contains loader program and system program.

Procedure
1. While pressing and holding down [Alt] and [Fn], press [F2]. "OK to quit system
Yes/No" appears.
2. Select "Yes" with the cursor and press [Enter].
"A: > FELCOM12", MS-DOS prompt display appears.
3. Insert the floppy disk which contains CPU2 system program.
4. Type [B] [:] and press [Enter]. The prompt "B: >" appears.
5. Type [U] [P] [F] [1] [2] and press [Enter].
The message "About to update FELCOM12 CPU2 software. Press 'Y' to update the
software to 165-0118-1xx. If you wish to cancel, press 'N' key" appears.
6. Press [Y].
"Loader Version 6.00 Erase wait: 0 sec Write wait:0 Wait counter = 100
TARGET power ON" appears.
7. Turn off the communication unit and turn it on again.
"Execute STEP1, Execute STEP2, 233096 byte transfer Now Erasing
xxx percent completed" appears.

Note) xxx changes from 000 to 100.

8. After about 5 minutes, erasing will finish with the following indication.
"Finish version update.
B: >"
9. Turn off the terminal and communication units.
10. Insert a working floppy disk.
11. Turn on the unit.

5-10
5.7 Replacement of Backup Battery
The life of the lithium battery on the CPU board is about five years. The longer the time
when the unit is off, the shorter the life of the battery.

CR 2

CR 4
CR 5
CR 3

CR 6
TP1

U11 (M6M80041P): EE-PROM TP3 TP2 U44: DEMOD

BUZZER U11: EE-PROM ROM
Forward/Return ID programmed

CR 7
CR 8
U39: ROM CR 9
U36
TP4 TP5
BACK UP
• U40 (SRM20100LLM70): SRAM
BATT S1
• U36 (RTC62423): TIMER JP1 U40

BACK UP ON/OFF

Figure 5-5 CPU Board

• Battery Type: CR 1/2 8L-F

• Code Number: 000-103-769

Note) Remove JP1 when replacing the battery soldered. The settings backed-up by the
battery is listed on page 5-7. The figure below shows the outline of memory back-up
circuit.

JP1 U17 U40

VBAT
VBAT VOUT (SRAM)
(CPU
monitor) U36
(RTC)
BT1
J8-5 GN-74
CPU (16P0148) (GPS)

Figure 5-6

5-11
 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
6.1 Self-Test
The self-test is carried out at every power-up, however you can diagnose the
communication unit by using the self-test menu at any time.

1. Self-test at Power-up
The communication unit is checked for proper operation each time the power is turned on.
The conducted tests are;
(1) ROM sum test
(2) RAM read and write test
(3) DP RAM read and write test
(4) EE PROM sum test
(5) VITERBI decoder test

At the completion of each test, a short beep is released. If an error is detected, a long keep
is released and CR3 or CR5 on the CPU board will light with the following message(s).
The self-test proceeds until the end of the sequence even if any error is detected. The
CPU board must be replaced when an error message appears.

Error Indications
• TROUBLE:CPU1 ROM NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU2 ROM NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU1 RAM NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU2 RAM1 NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU2 RAM2 NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU1 DP RAM NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU2 DP RAM NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU1 VITERBI NG.
• TROUBLE:CPU2 EEPROM NG.

Note) Very important!

EE-PROM (U11) contains Forward and Return ID. When ordering the EE-
PROM, ship’s name and serial number must be written down.

6-1
2. Seft-test by F7 Key (F7:Test)
Procedure
1. Press [F7] to display the Test menu.
2. Press [6].
3. Press [3]. The Communication Unit test screen appears.

Options
Test
Communication Unit

Start
Yes No

4. Press [Enter] to start the test.

The message " Now Communication Unit testing" appears in blinking reverse video
during testing.
5. When the test is completed the screen shows the test result.

Option
Test
Communication Unit
CPU1 165-0112-10X CPU2 165-0118-10X
ROM OK ROM OK
RAM OK RAM1 OK
DP-RAM OK RAM2 OK
Viterbi OK EEPROM OK
GPS OK
DP-RAM OK
Press any key to escape

6. Press any key to terminate the Communication Unit Test.

6-2
6.2 Description of Status Monitor Display
This section shows how to interpret the System Status Monitor.

File Edit Transmit EGC Reports Logs Options Setup Position StopAlarm

Date 97-12-24 BBER 000

Time 06:12 (UTC) C/N OK (38dB)
Send Level OK ( 0)
Position LAT 35:00.00N RxIF AGC Level OK (133)
LON 135:00.00E REF Offset Freq OK ( 0Hz)
Waypoint LAT Synthe 1st-1 Local OK
LON 1st-2 Local OK
Course DEG RX2nd Local OK
Speed KTS
Current NCS 344 (IOR) LOGIN Antenna Power Supply OK
Current Channel LES TDM
Current TDM LES TDM Water Temperature
MES Status Busy Water Current DEG
GPS Status 3D Direction DEG
Speed KTS
DCE Memory 32818 Bytes free Depth

Current State : TESTING SYNC (LES) 97-12-24 06:12 (UTC)

TESTING -- RECEVING MESSAGE NCS : IOR LOGIN LAT : 35:00.00N
DCE Ver 0x Oct - 199x LON : 135:00.00

Interpreting the Status Monitor Display

Date: Current date
Time: Current time
Position: Vessel's position (either manual entry or automatic input by
navigation aid)
Waypoint: Position of waypoint selected on navigation aid
Course: Heading
Speed: Ship's speed
Current NCS: NCS which your vessel is logged in with
Current Channel: Channel in use, such as NCS common channel, MES message
channel etc.
Current TDM: Current TDM (NCS Commom TDM or CES TDM)
MES Status: Operational status of MES

6-3
GPS Status: GPS signal status
CST: Cold Start
ACQ: Acquired; Almanac data acquired
IMP: Impossible; Cannot receive GPS signal
INT: Interrupted; Object interfering with reception of GPS
signal
ALM: Receiving the almanac
2D, 3D: Position-fixing method by 2 or 3 dimensions
DCE memory: Memory not is used.
BBER: Bulletin Board Error Rate (%)
C/N*: Check of circuit status with LES, receiving circuit in Antenna
Unit, RF CONV Board, TX/RX IF Board and CPU Board
(DEMOD section). OK appears when figure is higher than 31.
Send Level*: TX level check. At transmission, OK appears when figure is
higher than 123. At reception OK appears when figure is lower
than 32.
RX IF AGC Level*: Check the RX circuit in the Antenna Unit and the RF CONV
Board or TX/RX IF Board in the Communication Unit. OK
appears when figure is higher than 80.
REF Offset Freq*: Operating normally if SYNC lamp on Communication Unit
lights during synchronizing. If it does not light check RX
Synthesizer or REF OSC on the TX/RX IF Board. OK appears
when figure is lower than 150.
Synthe 1st Local*: Check of local oscillator on RF CONV Board.
RX 2nd local*: Check of RX 2nd local oscillator on RF CON Board.
Antenna Power Supply*: NG appears for discontinuity or short in cable.
Water Temperature: Water temperature
Water Current
Direction : Tidal current direction
Speed: Tidal current speed
Depth: Depth of water

(*1): See "Analysis of NG display" beginning on the next page.

6-4
Analysis of NG Display
CN/NG
NG appears, even if the equipment is operating normally when the satellite signal is weak.
The CPU1 on the CPU board receives C/N data from the DEMOD circuit. If the signal
level is below 31dB, NG appears, indicating that receiver circuit is defective, ocean
region selection is incorrect, or blocking problem exists.

1530 - 1545MHz

DIPLEXER

ANT Antenna unit

Communication unit
TX
C/N data (8bit)

RX RX
50kHz sig. CPU 1 sig. CPU 2 To terminal unit
RF CON DEMOD (U49) (U23)
J10-4
RX freq.
offset data

VITERBI
CPU (U54)

6-5
Send Level NG
Send level is calculated based on the current on the power supply line to the antenna unit.
The current detector R51 locates at the output of the rectifier on the SW REG board. The
signal detected by R51 is sent to U8, Q55 and Q51, and output to the CPU board as ANT
CUR signal. On the CPU board, the ANT CUR signal is A/D-converted by U71 and
delivered to CPU2 U23.
Transmission sequences:
The HPA ON signal generated by CPU2 U23 is sent to the PIO U13 and then the voltage
controller Q52/U10 through U54 and U57 on the SW REG board. The voltage controller
selects +29V for transmission, resulting that the current on Q51 increases and Q56 goes
on to turn on the fun. The send level is more than 123, normally the maximum 255. If the
level is less than 123, TX circuit in the antenna unit or the SW REG board may be
defective.

+ 18V (RX)
Power trans Voltage control J3-1 or + 29V (TX)
Rectifier (Q52/U10)
Antenna unit
(T1)
R61
R52 R51 R62 J4-6 ANT VOL
(0.05Ħ) J4-5
IN 5V
U8•FRC9083 Q57 Q54 J4-8 HPA ON
Q55

J4-7 ANT CUR

Q51

J5-2 FAN
Q56
SW REG
(16P0149) FAN
12V
J5-2

ANT VOL J9-7

ANT CUR J9-6
A/D AGC LEV
(U71) TX LEV
CPU2
(U23)

HPA ON
PIO J9-8
(U13)

CPU
(16P0148)

6-6
Antenna Power Supply NG
RX+18V/TX+29V, supply voltage to the antenna is divided by R61 and R62 to generate
a monitor signal ANT VOL. The A/D converter (U71) receives the ANT VOL signal and
sends it to the CPU2. If the voltage is not within the rating, “NG” will appear to indicate
short-circuit and/or disconnection. The voltage between J4, #6(+) and J4,#5(-) must be;
RX; 0.91 to 1.01 Vdc
TX; 1.45 to 1.49 Vdc

RX AGC Level NG
CPU 2 (U23) monitors the IF AGC level from the RF CON Board. If the level is less than
80, the receiver circuit in the antenna unit, TX Board, or RF CON Board may be
defective.

1530 - 1545MHz

DIPLEXER

ANT
Antenna unit

TX Communication unit

U25 U30,31 U32

1530 - 1545MHz J6 Q12 J2-4 50kHz

90.05MHz 50kHz
U33

AGC AMP
RX Lo 2nd Lo AGC LEV J2-17
(1620.05-1635.05MHz) (90.1MHz)

RF CON (16P0147)

AGC LEV J10-17

ANT VOL
CPU 2
(U23) A/D ANT CUR
(U71) TX LEV

J10-4
DEMOD
CPU (16P0148)

6-7
REF Offset Freq NG
CPU1 (U49) receives offset data generated by the DEMOD and finely adjusts the
frequency of the reference oscillater VCXO. Based on the received signal, the oscillation
frequency of TX/RX PLL synthesizer is adjusted to 15.6 MHz ±150Hz. When the offset
frequency is more than 150Hz, “REF Offset Freq. NG” appears, indicating that CPU
and/or RF CON board may be defective.

1530 - 1545MHz

DIPLEXER

ANT
Antenna unit

Communication unit
TX
C/N data (8bit)

RX sig. RX
50kHz CPU 1 sig. CPU 2
DEMOD (U49) (U23)
J2-4 J10-4
RXLo 2ndLo
TXLo RX freq.
TX/RX PLL SYN offset data

J2-1 J10-1 U10 D/A

VCXO (U12)
S-DATA (TX) 15.6MHz RFE CNT CPU (16P0148)

RF CON (16P0147)

6-8
Synthe 1st-1Local, 2Local, RX 2nd Local NG
Synthe 1 st – 1 Local
When the PLL (U15) unlocks, LD(Lock Detect) line becomes to “L” level. The
CPU 2 receives the unlock signal and generates the NG indication.
Synthe 1 st – 2 Local
When the PLL (U10) unlocks, LD(Lock Detect) line becomes to “L” level. The
CPU 2 receives the unlock signal and generates the NG indication.
Synthe RX 2 nd Local
When the PLL (U34) unlocks, LD(Lock Detect) line becomes to “L” level. The
CPU 2 receives the unlock signal and generates the NG indication.
UNLOCK 1 and 2 signals are also used to generate 5V TX ON signal which controls the
TX circuit on the TX board. When the PLL, either of U10 or U15 unlocks, transmission
is automatically stopped.

TX Lo 1626.5-1646.5MHz

1626.5-1646.5MHz
TX S-DATA
BPSK To terminal unit

RX Lo
1620.05-1635.05MHz

Q12
1530-1545MHz 90.05MHz
50kHz IF
Q25
U34
90.1MHz
PLL 3
U5
LD UNLOCK 3 J2-12 UNLOCK 3
UNLOCK 2 CPU 2
U10 RX Lo (U23)
FL7 Q39 FL2 UNLOCK 1
730MHz
PLL 2 DIV
(MAIN) J10-12/10/11
TX Lo
LD U6 UNLOCK 2 J2-11

U15 FL1
PLL 1
900MHz CPU (16P0148)
(SUB)
LD U6
UNLOCK 1 J2-10

VCXO 5V TX
(15.6MHz)

RF CON (16P0147) J7-2

VCXO CNT 5V TX ON
U7/8 TX (16P0157)

6-9
6.3 Error Messages
No. Message Meaning Action
Replace GPS receiver Board
Warning : Internal GPS UNIT GPS signal could not be
1 (GN-74) or check cable between
failure detected.
CPU, J8 and GN74, J2.

Warning : External NAV No input of NMEA 0183 data Check navigation device
2
equipment failure from navigation device. connected.

No response from
3 No response. Turn on or check the unit.
communication unit

Check if antenna cable is

TROUBLE : ANT power Supply voltage for antenna unit shorted (Check antenna
4
voltage abnormality is out of rating. connector).
If OK, replace SW REG Board.

Replace EE PROM with a new

5 TROUBLE: EE PROM ERROR EE PROM is damaged.
one having vessel's ID.

TROUBLE: Invalid MES ID.

No ID number in EE PROM. Replace EE PROM with a new
6 This equipment is deffected,
Not registered with Inmarsat. one having vessel's ID.
Please contact FURUNO.
TROUBLE: Invalid MES ID .
This equipment is deffected, Put EE PROM having vessel's
7 EE PROM not installed.
Please contact FURUNO. → ID.
TROUBLE: EE PROM ERROR
Find out which circuit is
TROUBLE: Synthesizer
8 Synthesizer circuit is faulty. defective on "System Status
UNLOCK
Monitor" display.

Remote lines (BZ OUT-H and - Check remote lines.

9 TROUBLE: Remote cable short
C) for IC-303 are shorted. (Check connector.)

Remote lines (DMC IN-H and -

TROUBLE: DMC 1(2) cable Check remote lines.
10 C) for DMC or IC-302 are
short (Check connector.)
shorted.
Check system status monitor for
send level in ST-BY.
TX current could not be
If 255, check cable between SW
detected by SW REG Board at
11 TROUBLE: Carrier power level REG Board J4 and CPU Board
transmission, that is, no
J9.
transmission.
If 0, check TX, ANT, RF CON
Boards.

6-10
 Appendix 1 Menu List

Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Short cut Key

1. New Alt+N
2. Open Alt+O
3. Close Yes or No Alt+Q
4. Save Yes or No Alt+S
5. Delete Yes or No Alt+D
F1: File 6. Rename
7. Print Alt+P
2HD(1.44MB)
8. Format Disk Yes or No
2DD(720KB)
9. MIME
(Decode)
1. Cut Del
2. Copy Alt+C
3. Paste INS
4. Insert
(With Citation)
5. Select All Alt+A
Search Word Alt+F
Search Start ?
1.Seach Forward
Direction (Yes or No)
Back
Search Word Alt+R
6. Serch or
F2: Edit Replace Word
Replace
Forward Replace Start ?
2. Replace Direction
Back (Yes or No)
Query
Query or All
All
1. Top of Text Home
7. Goto Line 2. End of Text End
3. Go to Line Line No.
8. Time or Pos. 1. Time
Ins 2. Position
9.ChangeWindow Alt+V

AP1-1
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
Normal
Priority
Distress
Message File
Station Name
Country /
TELEX Ocean Code
Station ID
Country /
Ocean Code
FAX Station ID
Modem Type T30/V21--Other T30
Address
Destination E-Mail Subject No LES ID
Type
Attach File
CSDN
1. Transmit Country /
Message PSDN Ocean Code
F3:
Transmit Station ID
X400
DNID Station ID No LES ID
SPEC Station ID
LES ID
ON
Confirmation
OFF
Send Delay 00:00
Immediate
Option Delivery Delay
Deferred
IA5
Code ITA2
DATA
[TRANSMIT] Yes / No
2. Cancel
3. Request
Delivery Status
1. Display EGC
Message
F4 : EGC
2. EGC
Network ID

AP1-2
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
ON
Status
OFF
1
Report Length 2
3
DNID
Destination LES ID Entry
1. Data Report
Member No. (Yes/No)
Regular Interval Time
Interval Report Times
Start Time 1
Activation
Start Time 2
Daily
Start Time 3
Start Time 4
PIN Code
ON
Status
OFF
Station Name
Country /Ocean
TELEX Code
Station ID
Country/Ocean
F5: Code
Reports
FAX Station ID
Modem Type
T30
(T30/V21--Other)
Destination Address
Type E-Mail No LES ID
Subject
CSDN
2. Message
Report Country/Ocean Entry
PSDN Code (Yes/No)
Station ID
X400
DNID Station ID No LES ID
SPEC Station ID
LES ID
Regular Interval Time
Interval Report Times
Start Time 1
Activation
Start Time 2
Daily
Start Time 3
Start Time 4
Report NAV+SEA
Contents INF
3. Data
Network ID

AP1-3
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
1. Send
Message Logs
2. Receive
F6: Logs Message Logs
3. EGC Logs
4. Logs
YES
1. Login
NO
YES
2. Logout
NO
YES
3. Abort
NO
4. Select NCS
Auto
West-Atlantic
F7: 5. Ocean Start
East-Atlantic
Options Region (Yes/No)
Pacific
Indian
Yes
1. PV Test
No
2. PV Test
Result
6. Test
Yes
3. Self Test
No
4. Distress Alert Yes
Button Test No

AP1-4
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
LES ID
Update Time
LAT
Position
LON
Protocol Maritime Fix
Undesignated
Fire/Explosion
Flooding
Collision
Grounding
1. Distress Update
Message Setup Listing (Yes/No)
Nature Sinking
Disabled
&Adrift
Abandoning
ship
Further assistance
required
Piracy or
Armed attack
Course
F8: Speed
Setup
System Date &
Time
Auto
AOR(WEST)
Preferred NCS AOR(EAST)
POR
IOR
MES Operation INMARSAT-C
Mode EGC
OFF Update
2. System Setup
Nav Port EXT (Yes/No)
INT
DTE 1
Active Port
ALL
DTE 1
Message DTE 2
Output Port PC/DATA
AUTO
EGC Output DTE 1
Port DTE 1+DTE 2

AP1-5
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
Telex
Text Mode
Ascii
Insert
Edit Mode
Overwrite
ON
Word Wrap
OFF
ON
Line No.
OFF
3. Editor Setup 2 Cha
Tab Width 4 Char
8 Char
Telex(69 ) Fixed
F8: Setup Column Width
ASCII(40-80)
Block
Cursor Type
Underline
Full Screen
Scroll
Half Screen
YY-MM-DD
Date Disp.
MMM-DD-YY
Form
DD-MMM-YY
4. Terminal
ON
Setup Screen Saver
OFF
Normal Mode
Display Mode
Reverse Mode

AP1-6
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
Additional
Position
Navarea
Fixed Area
ON
Waypoint
OFF
Station Code
ON
Ice reports
OFF
ON
Meteo.forecasts
OFF
ON
Pilot service Update
5. EGC Setup OFF
(Yes/No)
DECCA ON
messages OFF
LORAN ON
messages OFF
F8: Setup ON
OMEGA
message OFF
SATNAV ON
massages OFF
Other navaid ON
msg OFF
QRU ON
(no message) OFF
ON
Auto Log Print
OFF
ON
Receive Alarm
OFF
6. Auto Mode
Auto Telex ON
Setup
Msg Save OFF
ON
Auto EGC Msg
ON(No Print)
Save
OFF

AP1-7
Function Menu 1 Menu 2 Menu 3 Menu 4 Menu 5 Note
7. E-Mail Setup Update(Yes/No)
Message
Directory
8. Directories
EGC Message
Directory
Station Name
Country Code
TELEX
Station ID
Country Code
FAX Station ID
Modem Type T30/V21--Other
Destination E-Mail E-Mail Address
1. Station List
Type CSDN
Country Code
PSDN
Station ID
X400
DNID Station ID
SPEC Station ID
Remarks
F8: Setup
Name
2. LES List ID

9. Configuration Remarks
3. EGC channel
Update(Yes/No)
List
4. NCS Channl
Update(Yes/No)
List
Service Station
Name
Service ID
LES
ID(AORW)
(AORE)
(POR)
5. E-Mail
Service List (IOR)
TO:
Cc:
Subject:
Separator
Attach ON
File(MIME) OFF
F9: LAT
Update(Yes/No)
Position LON
F10: Stop
Alarm

AP1-8