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10 kips SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.2

3 ft 2 ft 3 ft
8 ft
The structure shown consists of a W10 3 112 rolled-steel beam AB and of
two short members welded together and to the beam. (a) Draw the shear
3 kips/ft
E and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and the given loading. (b) De-
B termine the maximum normal stress in sections just to the left and just to
A C D the right of point D.

3 kips/ft
20 kip ? ft SOLUTION
318 kip ? ft
Equivalent Loading of Beam. The 10-kip load is replaced by an
A 1 C 2 D 3 B equivalent force-couple system at D. The reaction at B is determined by
10 kips 34 kips considering the beam as a free body.
3x
x
2 a. Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams
From A to C. We determine the internal forces at a distance x from
M point A by considering the portion of beam to the left of section 1. That
x part of the distributed load acting on the free body is replaced by its resul-
V
tant, and we write
24 kips
x⫺4
1x©Fy 5 0 : 23 x 2 V 5 0 V 5 23 x kips
1l©M1 5 0 : 3 x1 12 x2 1 M 5 0 M 5 21.5 x2 kip ? ft
M
x
Since the free-body diagram shown can be used for all values of x smaller
V than 8 ft, the expressions obtained for V and M are valid in the region 0 ,
24 kips x , 8 ft.
x⫺4
20 kip ? ft From C to D. Considering the portion of beam to the left of section 2
M
and again replacing the distributed load by its resultant, we obtain
10
V 1x©Fy 5 0 : 224 2 V 5 0 V 5 224 kips
kips
x ⫺ 11 1l©M2 5 0 : 241x 2 42 1 M 5 0 M 5 96 2 24 x kip ? ft
x
V These expressions are valid in the region 8 ft , x , 11 ft.
From D to B. Using the position of beam to the left of section 3, we
8 ft 11 ft 16 ft obtain for the region 11 ft , x , 16 ft
x
V 5 234 kips M 5 226 2 34 x kip ? ft
⫺ 24 kips The shear and bending-moment diagrams for the entire beam can now be
⫺ 34 kips plotted. We note that the couple of moment 20 kip ? ft applied at point D
M introduces a discontinuity into the bending-moment diagram.
b. Maximum Normal Stress to the Left and Right of Point D. From
x Appendix C we find that for the W10 3 112 rolled-steel shape, S 5 126 in3
⫺148 kip ? ft about the X-X axis.
⫺ 96 kip ? ft To the left of D: We have |M| 5 168 kip ? ft 5 2016 kip ? in. Sub-
⫺ 168 kip ? ft stituting for |M| and S into Eq. (5.3), we write
0M 0 2016 kip ? in.
⫺ 318 kip ? ft sm 5 5 5 16.00 ksi sm 5 16.00 ksi ◀
S 126 in3
To the right of D: We have |M| 5 148 kip ? ft 5 1776 kip ? in.
Substituting for |M| and S into Eq. (5.3), we write
0M 0 1776 kip ? in.
sm 5 5 5 14.10 ksi sm 5 14.10 ksi ◀
S 126 in3

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50 lb/ft SAMPLE PROBLEM 5.10

A B The rigid bar DEF is welded at point D to the steel beam AB. For the
C D loading shown, determine (a) the equations defining the shear and bending
F E moment at any point of the beam, (b) the location and magnitude of the
largest bending moment.
8 ft 5 ft
3 ft
160 lb

SOLUTION
P ⫽ 160 lb
Reactions. We consider the beam and bar as a free body and observe that
MD ⫽ 480 lb ? ft the total load is 960 lb. Because of symmetry, each reaction is equal to 480 lb.
D

D Modified Loading Diagram. We replace the 160-lb load applied at F

by an equivalent force-couple system at D. We thus obtain a loading diagram
F E F E
consisting of a concentrated couple, three concentrated loads (including the
two reactions), and a uniformly distributed load
160 lb
w1x2 5 50 lb/ft (1)
a. Equations for Shear and Bending Moment. We obtain V(x) by inte-
grating (1), changing the sign, and adding constants representing the respective
w w0 ⫽ 50 lb/ft
contributions of RA and P to the shear. Since P affects V(x) only for values of
x larger than 11 ft, we use a step function to express its contribution.

A
B
x V1x2 5 250x 1 480 2 160Hx 2 11I0 (2) ◀
MD ⫽ 480 lb ? ft D
We obtain M(x) by integrating (2) and using a step function to represent
RA ⫽ 480 lb P ⫽ 160 lb RB the contribution of the concentrated couple MD:
11 ft 5 ft M1x2 5 225x2 1 480x 2 160Hx 2 11I1 2 480Hx 2 11I0 (3) ◀

b. Largest Bending Moment. Since M is maximum or minimum when

V 5 0, we set V 5 0 in (2) and solve that equation for x to find the location
of the largest bending moment. Considering first values of x less than 11 ft
and noting that for such values the bracket is equal to zero, we write
250x 1 480 5 0 x 5 9.60 ft
Considering now values of x larger than 11 ft, for which the bracket is equal
to 1, we have
250x 1 480 2 160 5 0 x 5 6.40 ft
Since this value is not larger than 11 ft, it must be rejected. Thus, the value
of x corresponding to the largest bending moment is
M ⫹2304 lb ? ft xm 5 9.60 ft ◀
⫹2255 lb ? ft
Substituting this value for x into Eq. (3), we obtain
⫹1775 lb ? ft
Mmax 5 22519.602 2 1 48019.602 2 160H21.40I1 2 480H21.40I0

A x and, recalling that brackets containing a negative quantity are equal to zero,
D B
xm ⫽ 9.60 ft Mmax 5 22519.602 2 1 48019.602 Mmax 5 2304 lb ? ft ◀

The bending-moment diagram has been plotted. Note the discontinuity at

point D due to the concentrated couple applied at that point. The values of
M just to the left and just to the right of D were obtained by making x 5 11
in Eq. (3) and replacing the step function Hx 2 11I0 by 0 and 1, respectively.

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