V11.

cover

Exercises
Getting Started with the IBM Mainframe with z/OS
Commands and Panels
August 2019 edition
Notices
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V11.3
Contents

TOC

Contents
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Exercise 1. System Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Section 1: Gathering information and accessing the lab image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Section 2: The logon screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Section 3: ISPF Primary Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Section 4: ISPF Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Section 5: ISPF Settings: Action bar choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Section 6: View a data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Section 7: Exit ISPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Section 8: Log Data Set Disposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
Section 9: Logoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Section 1: Lab exercise assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Section 2: Allocate a Physical Sequential data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Section 3: Allocate a Partitioned Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Section 4: Allocate a Partitioned Data Set Extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Section 1: Create a PDS member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Section 2: Edit the LITLGAME member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Section 3: Ending the exec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Section 1: Create a new member and copy data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Section 2: Copy / overlay commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Section 3: Insert lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Section 4: Add and repeat lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Exercise 5. Copy, move, rename, delete data sets and members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Section 1: Copy, move, rename, delete data sets, and members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Exercise 6. Data set lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Section 1: Data set lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Section 1: Accessing the TSO command line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Section 2: TSO commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X-7

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V11.2
Trademarks

TMK

Trademarks
The reader should recognize that the following terms, which appear in the content of this training
document, are official trademarks of IBM or other companies:
IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.
The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many
jurisdictions worldwide:
AIX® BookManager® CICS®
DB2® DS8000® Easy Tier®
ECKD™ Enterprise Storage Server® eServer™
Express® FICON® FlashCopy®
GDPS® Geographically Dispersed HACMP™
Parallel Sysplex™
Hiperspace™ HyperSwap® IBM LinuxONE™
IBM Spectrum™ IBM Spectrum Control™ IBM z Systems®
IBM z® IBM z13® IMS™
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Parallel Sysplex® Power Architecture® Power Systems™
Power® PowerHA® POWER8®
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Facility™
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Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.
Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other
countries, or both.
Java™ and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Oracle and/or its affiliates.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United
States and/or other jurisdictions.
Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies.

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V11.3
Exercise 1. System Familiarization

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Exercise 1. System Familiarization

Estimated time
00:45

Overview
The steps in this exercise are to guide you through accessing the Skytap environment to gain entry
into the IBM mainframe system. The screens displayed in this exercise are intended as a reference
to assist you as you progress through the remaining lab exercises. These action items are to be
performed on the actual live system.

Objectives
• Access the Skytap environment
• Access the system image
• Log on to TSO
• Access the ISPF Primary Option Menu
• Navigate through the TSO/ISPF screens
• Logoff TSO

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide

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Exercise instructions

Preface

Note

The Enter key on your keyboard may/may not be the Enter key.
On some keyboards, the Enter key for VM is the right CTRL key. Take care when entering your
password. If you enter the password incorrectly four times, your user ID will be revoked. Contact
the Help Desk for support.

Section 1: Gathering information and accessing the lab image

__ 1. Now that you are ready to perform the lab exercises, select the Launch Lab button to start.

__ 2. Select Course Lab Kit on the top left of the screen.

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This will provide you with all of the information you will need to progress through this course.
The following is just an example. Do not use the information below to record your information.
Ensure that you use the information in your Course Lab Kit.

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__ 3. Record your information here for reference:

a. PC Image Login: _____________________________________
b. PC Image Password: _________________________________
c. System name: ______________________________
d. TSO user ID: _______________________________
e. TSO password: _____________________________
__ 4. If the lab image is “suspended” or “powered off”, then Click the session image to activate it.
(Click the Play button).

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__ 5. Click the play button.

Wait patiently while your image is being created. This may take a while.
__ 6. Left click in the middle of the next screen:

The request for the password will now appear.

__ 7. Using the information you recorded in step 3, enter the assigned password on the following
screen and press the arrow to the right of the entry to continue.

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__ 8. Once the icons appear on the desktop, using the information you recorded in step 3, double
click the system name.

__ 9. Using the information you recorded in step 3, enter the assigned TSO user ID and press the
Enter Key.

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Section 2: The logon screen

The following is a short description of each of the fields as they appear on the logon panel:
• User ID: A TSO user ID is 1 to 8 characters in length. It starts with an alphabetic or national
character (A-Z, #, ¢, @). All following characters can be alphanumeric or national characters
(A-Z, 0-9, #, ¢, @).
• Password: The password is 1 to 8 alphanumeric or national characters (A-Z, 0-9, #, ¢, @). Any
combination of these characters can be used in the password. Certain installation-specific rules
might apply. The password is not visible during logon.
▪ DO NOT change your password.
• Procedure: A logon procedure name is required to log on to TSO. If you have more than one
logon procedure, the value LOGON ensures that the procedure name entered is valid for the
account number that you might have also entered. The procedure name is up to 8 characters in
length. The first character has to be alphabetic. All following characters can be alphanumeric or
national (A-Z, 0-9, #, ¢, @).
• Acct Nmbr: If you have been provided an account number, you might be required to enter it in
order to log on to TSO. If the account number is required and you omit it, you are prompted to
enter it. The account number has a maximum of 40 characters.
• Size: This entry allows you to specify a region size for your TSO session. A default region size
is used if none is specified.
• Perform: This field is reserved for your performance group. The value has to be an integer from
1 to 255. Your installation might have authorized performance group values for you. If not,
entering a value has no effect on your TSO session.

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• Command: You can enter a TSO command at logon time. This is processed after any
command the TSO/E administrator has entered in the parm field on the EXEC statement of the
logon procedure. TSO/E does not execute the command you enter in the COMMAND field if the
command specified in the parm field of the logon procedure fails.
• New Password: If your user ID is defined to RACF, you might want to change your password, or
you might be required to do so. To change your password, enter your current password in the
PASSWORD field, and then enter your new password in this field. The same password rules as
for the old password apply. When you enter a new password in this field, you are prompted to
verify the password. Only then, the password is changed.
DO NOT change the password.
• Group Ident: If your user ID is defined to RACF, you can enter a RACF group ID. Your RACF
group ID can be up to 8 characters in length. The first character must be alphabetic or national
(A-Z, #, ¢ or @). The remaining characters, if any, can also contain numerics (0-9).
• -Nomail By entering S before this option, you choose not to display messages intended
specifically for you during logon processing. If you do not select this option, all messages
intended for you are displayed on your terminal during logon.
• -Nonotice: By entering S before this option, you elect not to receive messages intended for all
TSO users during logon processing. If you do not select this option, all messages intended for
all TSO users are displayed on your terminal during logon.
• -Reconnect: By entering S before this option, you indicate that you want to reconnect your
logon session if the session was disconnected. If the session was not disconnected and your
user ID does not currently have a session established, logon processing occurs.
• -OIDcard: If your user ID is defined to RACF and you want to enter data through the Operator
Identification Card (OIDCARD), you are prompted to do so during the logon process. To enter
data, slide your OIDCARD through your OIDCARD reader attached to your terminal.
__ 10. Using the information you recorded in step 3, enter the assigned TSO password and press
the Enter Key.

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__ 11. Once you have successfully logged on, the following screen will appear:

__ 12. When three asterisks (***) appear, press the Enter Key to continue.
You are now logged on to TSO.
What you see now depends upon how your installation has modified the logon process. Some
installations display one or more groups of messages at the top of the screen. In our lab
system, you should see messages similar to the ones displayed on the visual.
When *** (three asterisks) appear on the screen, press the Enter Key to continue.

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Section 3: ISPF Primary Menu

__ 13. Press the Enter key to remove the Licensed Material copyright information from the screen.
__ 14. Your first task is now to alter the settings for your ISPF/PDF session. Select the proper
panel option (0), and proceed to the next page.

Section 4: ISPF Settings

__ 15. Use this panel to familiarize yourself with the ISPF settings.

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__ 16. Place a forward slash in front of Command line at bottom and press the Enter key.
The command line now displays at the bottom of the screen.
__ 17. Remove the forward slash front the front of Command line at bottom and press the Enter
key.
The command line now displays at the top of the screen.
__ 18. Change the display of the long message so that it appears in a pop-up window.
__ 19. Enter an invalid selection on the Command ===>______ line and press Enter. A short
message reading Invalid command should now appear in the upper right corner of your
screen.
__ 20. Now press F1 to display the corresponding long message. The message is undefined
should now appear in a pop-up window. Press F1 again for additional help. Return to ISPF
Settings panel.
__ 21. To continue, clear the command line and press Enter again.
__ 22. Ensure that option Tab to Option bar choices is selected in the ISPF settings panel.
__ 23. Select all of the options to see what their functions are capable of.

Section 5: ISPF Settings: Action bar choices

__ 24. Use the Tab key to select Function keys on the action bar, which is located at the top of the
panel.
__ 25. Hide the function key display. Now reset it, so that the function key settings are once again
displayed.

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__ 26. Select the function keys choice of the Action bar again and select Disable keylists. Notice
the change to the function keys. This setting (keylists disabled) is the recommended setting
for most z/OS users.
__ 27. Select Identifier from the action bar and activate the panel identifier display. Check your
panel for the panel name in the upper left corner.
Panels can be modified, and this tells us the panelid (member name) of the panel.
Reset the panel identification display to off. You can also display the system name and your
user ID on every panel by activating the corresponding option.

Section 6: View a data set

__ 28. There are two ways to view a data set from the View Entry Panel.
__ 29. The data set can be entered in the following fields:
Under ISPF Library:
- Project: High level qualifier of the data set. In this case, it is your TSO user ID.
- Group: Qualifier of the data set. In this case, it is the course code.
- Type: Low level qualifier of the data set. In this case, it is the word TEXT.

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__ 30. The other way to view a data set from the View Entry Panel is in the Other Partitioned,
Sequential or VSAM Data Set, or z/OS UNIX file section.
__ 31. The data set is entered in the Name field, with apostrophes:

Section 7: Exit ISPF

For the moment, our work with ISPF/PDF is done. We now want to end our ISPF/PDF
dialog and log off from our TSO session.
__ 32. To leave ISPF's Program Development Facility:
__ a. You can enter an X on the command line or press the F3 Key.

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You now have ended the ISPF session and returned to the TSO command line mode. Your
TSO session is still running.

Section 8: Log Data Set Disposition

The following information in this section is only for information. Unless log data is generated,
you will not see the Specify Data Set Disposition screen.
ISPF/PDF maintains two data sets for you during your terminal session:
- A LOG data set that keeps a record of your transactions while using ISPF/PDF.
- A LIST data set that holds information you want to send to the system printer.

The LOG and LIST commands allow you to process the log and list data sets at any time
during an ISPF session. The log and list data sets must have been allocated. You control
the data set processing by specifying on the LOG or LIST command one of the three
keyword options: PRINT, DELETE, or KEEP.
ISPF maintains a log of significant user activities. This information can be useful, for
example, when diagnosing problems. The log data is stored in a data set named
userid.SPFLOGx.LIST, where userid is your TSO user ID.

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At the end of an ISPF session you, as the user, can specify what has to be done with the log
data set. Enter the selection of your choice.
Print data set and delete: Prints the data set, then deletes it. You must specify an output
class or a local printer ID. If you specify an output class, ISPF submits a background job to
print and delete the data set. If you specify a local printer ID, ISPF uses TSO's PRINTDS
command to route the data set to the printer and then deletes the data set.
Delete data set without printing: Just deletes the data set.
Keep data set - Same: This option closes and frees the data set and allocates the same
data set in the next session.
Keep data set - New: This option closes and frees the data set but allocates a new data set
when starting the next ISPF session.
Delete data set without printing or Keep data set - Same is the usual choice unless you
have had problems.
If you do want to print, then the printer class (SYSOUT class) or destination (local printer ID)
must be entered.
Additionally, the four lines of Job statement information must be entered if you use the
SYSOUT option.
The line List Data Set Options not available indicates there is no list data set to print.
If we performed a print under ISPF, then a similar set of options are provided to dispose of
the list data set.

Section 9: Logoff
__ 33. To terminate your TSO session, enter the TSO command logoff on your terminal.

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TSO then replies with a message like IKJ56470I userid LOGGED OFF TSO AT 14:40:51
on July 16, 2019 to indicate that your TSO session has been terminated.

End of exercise

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Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

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Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

Estimated time
00:45

Overview
This exercise begins with how to access additional assistance, if needed. Then, you will have the
opportunity to allocate a sequential, partitioned, and partitioned extended data sets. After the
allocation process, you will be guided through verifying the successful allocation of each data set.

Objectives
• Access additional assistance, as needed.
• Allocate a Sequential Data Set
• Allocate a Partitioned Data Set (PDS)
• Allocate a Partitioned Data Set Extended (PDS/E)
• Verify the successful allocation of the newly created data sets

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide
GC28-1758 MVS JCL User's Guide
SC26-7410 z/OS DFSMS Using Data Sets
SG24-7419 Implementing REXX Support in SDSF

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Exercise instructions

Preface
• This exercise depends on the successful completion of the previous exercise.
• The answers to all questions are located at the end of this exercise.

Section 1: Lab exercise assistance

In the previous exercise, you saw that there is a tutorial and general help for the ISPF menu
options.
This lab environment is unique in that there is additional assistance available as you progress
through the exercises.
There are two versions of these instructions, which are available:
• One with hints and one without. You can use either version to complete this and all other
exercises in this course. You can flip back and forth between the two versions.
If during any of the lab exercises you require assistance, with allocating data sets, renaming a data
set, and so on, this help feature will be available, if you want to utilize it.
__ 1. From the ISPF Primary Option Menu, type C for Classes and press the Enter key.

__ 2. On the Course Selection Menu, enter the number 2 to access help menu for most of the
labs for course Fundamental System Skills in z/OS.

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__ 3. When performing a lab and you require additional assistance, enter the appropriate
selection for the specific lab.

Note: Assistance is available for all exercises, except lab exercise 11: z/OS Management
Facility (option B).
__ 4. Press the F3 End key until you are at the ISPF Primary Option Menu.
You may have to hold down the Fn key while pressing the F3 key.

Section 2: Allocate a Physical Sequential data set

__ 5. Allocate a new physical sequential data set named userid.ES10.PS (where userid is the
user ID you used to log on to TSO with) according to the following specifications:
__ a. Two tracks primary space.
__ b. One track secondary space.
__ c. Fixed Blocked length records.
__ d. Record length 80 bytes.
__ 6. Do not enter an expiration date; leave expiration date blank for all data sets that you create
in this class. All other fields should be blank.
__ 7. Press the Enter key to allocate the file.

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V11.2
Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

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__ 8. After Data set allocated appears in the upper right corner, press the Enter key to see the
allocation attributes on the Data Set Information screen:

Block size (BLKSIZE) specifies the maximum length, in bytes, of a physical block of storage
in z/OS.
If BLKSIZE(0) is specified, the system will determine the optimal block size based on the
maximum record length (LRECL) and the physical characteristics of the disk, or
approximately half of a physical track.
The following chart is an example of default Block sizes for a Record Format of Fixed
Blocked:

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V11.2
Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

EXempty
Section 3: Allocate a Partitioned Data Set
__ 9. Allocate a Partitioned Data Set (PDS) named userid.ES10.PDS (where userid is the
user ID you used to log on to TSO with) according to the following specifications:
__ a. Ten blocks primary space.
__ b. Five blocks secondary space.
__ c. Directory size two blocks.
__ d. Variable length records.
__ e. Block records.
__ f. Block size determine by system.
__ g. Record length 255 bytes.
__ 10. To verify whether the data set has been allocated properly, use the Data Set information
panel.
If a block size is not specified for the creation of a data set, the system attempts to
determine the block size.
Using a system-determined block size has the following benefits:
- The program can write to DASD, tape, or SYSOUT without you or the program
calculating the optimal block size. DASD track capacity calculations are complicated.
Optimal block sizes differ for various models of DASD and tape.
- If the data set is later moved to a different DASD type, such as by DFSMShsm, the
system recalculates an appropriate block size and re-blocks the data.

Section 4: Allocate a Partitioned Data Set Extended

__ 11. Allocate a Partitioned Data Set Extended (PDS/E) named userid.ES10.PDSE (where
userid is the user ID you used to log on to TSO with) according to the following
specifications:
__ a. Five blocks primary space.
__ b. One block secondary space.
__ c. Directory size five blocks.
__ d. Fixed length records.
__ e. Block records.
__ f. Block size determine by system.
__ g. Record length 80 bytes.
__ h. Data set name type is Library.

Questions

Q1: Which field on the Allocate New Data Set panel distinguishes a PDSE from a PDS?
__________________________________________________________________

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V11.2
Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

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__ 12. To verify whether the data set has been allocated properly, use the Data Set information
panel.

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 2. Allocate new data sets

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Exercise answers
Section 4: Allocate a Partitioned Data Set Extended
Q1: Which field on the Allocate New Data Set panel distinguishes a PDSE from a PDS?
A1: Data set name type field. Entering the word Library in this field indicates that this is a PDSE
and not a PDS.

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V11.2
Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands

EXempty

Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary

commands
Estimated time
00:30

Overview
In the previous exercise, you created three data sets; a sequential data set, a partitioned data set,
and a partitioned data set extended. In this exercise, you will create a member in the previously
created partitioned data set. You will then edit the member and copy a member from a different
data set into the one you created. After modifying the member, you will execute a REXX exec and
view its output.

Objectives
• Create a member in a partitioned data set
• Edit the member
• Copy a member
• Execute a REXX exec

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide
GC28-1758 MVS JCL User's Guide
SC26-7410 z/OS DFSMS Using Data Sets
SG24-7419 Implementing REXX Support in SDSF

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V11.2
Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands

EXempty
Exercise instructions

Preface
• This exercise depends on the successful completion of the previous exercises.
• All action items followed by a * sign, include exercise hints, which are located at the end of this
exercise.

Section 1: Create a PDS member

In the previous exercise, you created a Partitioned Data Set (PDS) named userid.ES10.PDS.
The userid is the user ID you used to log on to TSO with.
__ 1. From the ISPF Primary Option Menu, access the Edit Entry Panel.
__ 2. Ensure that the partitioned data set you created in the previous exercise is in the ISPF
Library.
Note: Replace the Project field with your TSO user ID.
__ 3. Create a member names LITLGAME.

Section 2: Edit the LITLGAME member

__ 4. Edit member LITLGAME, and copy in a member called SKELEXEC from the partitioned
data set called D80WW.ES10V15.EXEC.*

Note

TSO commands are not case sensitive. They are presented here in uppercase for ease of reading.

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V11.2
Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands

EXempty
__ 5. Perform the following modifications:
__ a. Set the boundaries to 1-8 and change all xxxxxxxx to the word ANSWER.*

__ b. Reset the boundaries to 1-80 and change all xxxxxxxx to the word NUMBER.
__ 6. Exclude all of the lines from the display.
__ 7. Display the first line containing @@@ and type over @@@ with the word SAY.
__ 8. Use the RFIND key (F5) to find all further occurrences of @@@ and type over them with the
word SAY.
__ 9. Show all of the lines on the display that may have been previously excluded.
The first line must contain a comment with the word REXX. REXX comments start with a /*
and end with an */.
__ 10. Enter: This is a little REXX-Exec on line 1, in comments signs /* . . . */
__ 11. Set the boundaries to 40-50.
__ 12. Change SAY to Y/N.
__ 13. Enter the word SAVE on the command line to save your changes.
__ 14. Start the Rexx_exec by entering the following on the command line:
TSO EX ‘userid.ES10.PDS(LITLGAME)’ EXEC
__ 15. If you receive the following error, locate the problem, correct the error and start the Rexx
exec again. *

Section 3: Ending the exec

To abort running the exec, press PA1 on the keyboard. Right-click to display the keyboard, and
enter HI as instructed.

__ 16. When you have finished playing computer games, take a few minutes to inspect
LITLGAME.
LITLGAME is written in a procedural language, called REXX.
REXX programs (or execs) can be complied or not, as you choose. This program has not
been complied, and so it is interpreted as the instructions are executed, resulting in poorer
performance, but less administration work.

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V11.2
Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands

EXempty
__ 17. Before logging off or continue on to the next exercise, ensure that you reset the BOUNDS
command.

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 3. ISPF editor primary commands

EXempty
Exercise hints
Section 2: Edit the LITLGAME member
Step 4: If you receive a message that “LITLGAME not replaced” on the data set to panel, ensure
that you have a forward slash (/) in front of option Replace like-names members:

Step 5a: Enter: BOUNDS 1 8, then Enter: CHANGE xxxxxxxx ANSWER ALL
Step 15: To correct the error, delete the line which contains THIS IS A LITTLE REXX-EXEC on line
2.

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V11.2
Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

EXempty

Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

Estimated time
00:30

Overview
In this exercise, you will create a member in a previously allocated partitioned data set. You
perform functions, such as copying data, overlaying commands, inserting and repeating lines using
the newly created member.

Objectives
• Create a member
• Copy data
• Overlay commands
• Insert lines
• Repeat lines

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide
GC28-1758 MVS JCL User's Guide
SC26-7410 z/OS DFSMS Using Data Sets

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V11.2
Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

EXempty
Exercise instructions

Preface
• This exercise depends on the successful completion of the previous exercises.
• All action items followed by a * sign, include exercise hints, which are located at the end of this
exercise.

Section 1: Create a new member and copy data

__ 1. Edit userid.ES10.PDS and create a new member called TABLE.
If the ==MSG> lines appear, enter RES on the command line to erase them.
__ 2. Enter HILITE AUTO to enable the coloring options for language sensitive coloring in the
ISPF editor.
__ 3. Tab the cursor to the second set of lines, and enter COLS.

__ 4. Set up a line, which looks exactly like the following: *

Note

Enter I1 or I2 in the prefix area to add one or two lines. Then, using the tab key, tab to the newly
inserted lines and tab to the data filed and enter blanks (space bar).

__ 5. Copy member TABLE from D80WW.ES10V15.CNTL after line 1. *

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V11.2
Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

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Section 2: Copy / overlay commands
The data will look like the following:

Note

If the BOUNDS command was not reset from the previous lab exercise, results in the following steps
are unpredictable.

__ 6. Use copy/overlay that is c and oo, to copy line 1 over the first four lines you copied in, so
the result looks like the following:

Section 3: Insert lines

__ 7. Use move/overlay, that is m and oo, to move line 1 over the last six lines you copied in, so
the result looks like the following:

Information

Notice that the former line 1 has disappeared because of the move.

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V11.2
Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

EXempty
__ 8. Insert the following heading lines at the top of the table:

__ 9. Insert the following trailing line at the bottom of the table:

You can do this the efficient / lazy way by copying the second line to the end of the table and
type over TOP with BOTTOM.

Section 4: Add and repeat lines

__ 10. Add a new line after Bush, and add:

__ 11. Repeat entry Davis, and change the repeated line to:

__ 12. Insert a new line after Newman, and enter Claudia as first name.
__ 13. Use copy/overlay, that is c and o, to copy the old entry Newman over the new line.
__ 14. Change the user ID to CNEWMAN and the phone to 31654.
__ 15. Exclude the detail lines.
__ 16. Resort the detail lines by last name as the primary sort field and use given name as the
secondary sort field. *

__ 17. Review sorted lines to very sort on primary and secondary names.
__ 18. Save your changes by entering Save on the command line.

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 4. ISPF editor line commands

EXempty
Exercise hints
Section 1: Create a new member and copy data
Step 4: Using the ruler makes it easier to enter the first data line with vertical bars “|” in columns 1,
16, 32, and 48.
Step 5: Enter the letter A (for after) in the prefix area, and enter COPY
‘D80WW.ES10V15.CNTL(TABLE)’ on the command line.

Section 4: Add and repeat lines

Step 17: SORT x a 2 15 a 18 31 ;RESET

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V11.2
Exercise 5. Copy, move, rename, delete data sets and members

EXempty

Exercise 5. Copy, move, rename, delete

data sets and members
Estimated time
00:30

Overview
In this exercise, you will allocate data sets and create multiple members. After creating new
members, you will add data to those members. Then, copy members from one data set to another.
When completing this process, you learn how to delete data sets and members.

Objectives
• Allocate data sets
• Create members
• Add data to members
• Copy members from one data set to another
• Delete members
• Delete data sets

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2019 5-1

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V11.2
Exercise 5. Copy, move, rename, delete data sets and members

EXempty
Exercise instructions

Preface
• This exercise depends on the successful completion of the previous exercises.
• All action items followed by a * sign, include exercise hints, which are located at the end of this
exercise.

Section 1: Copy, move, rename, delete data sets, and members

__ 1. Allocate two new data sets called userid.ES10.INDATA and userid.ES10.OUTDATA.
Allocate them like userid.ES10.PDS.
__ 2. Create a new member called A in userid.ES10.INDATA, and enter some test data into it.
You can enter your coworkers names, your family names, etc.
__ 3. Create nine new members called B through J which contain the same data as member A.
__ 4. Copy the entire data set userid.ES10.INDATA into userid.ES10.OUTDATA.
__ 5. Change the contents of members D and H in userid.ES10.INDATA, and copy these
members again to userid.ES10.OUTDATA.

Important

Make sure to specify the proper copy options. *

__ 6. Verify whether the members D and H have been copied correctly by editing or viewing them.
__ 7. Delete userid.ES10.INDATA.
__ 8. Rename userid.ES10.OUTDATA to userid.ES10.DATA.
__ 9. Delete all members in userid.ES10.DATA except members A, D, and H.
__ 10. Rename these members to DATA1, DATA2, and DATA3, respectively.
__ 11. Move members DATA1 and DATA3 to userid.ES10.PDS.
__ 12. Delete userid.ES10.TEXT and userid.ES10.PDSE.

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 5. Copy, move, rename, delete data sets and members

EXempty
Exercise hints
Section 1: Copy, move, rename, delete data sets, and members
Important: Make sure to specify the proper copy options. Replace like-named members option.

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V11.2
Exercise 6. Data set lists

EXempty

Exercise 6. Data set lists

Estimated time
01:00

Overview
During this exercise, you will have the opportunity to become familiar with the options offered by the
ISPF Data List menu. Using this menu, you will display data sets, move members, and compress
data sets.

Objectives
• Utilize the ISPF Data List menu
• Display data sets
• Move members
• Compress data sets

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide
SC26-7410 z/OS DFSMS Using Data Sets

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V11.2
Exercise 6. Data set lists

EXempty
Exercise instructions

Preface
• This exercise depends on the successful completion of the previous exercises.
• The answers to all questions are located at the end of this exercise.
• All action items followed by a * sign, include exercise hints, which are located at the end of this
exercise.

Section 1: Data set lists

From the ISPF/PDF Utilities Selection Panel use the option Data Set List to perform the following
tasks:
__ 1. Display a list of all data sets starting with your user ID.

Questions

Q1: What does the first entry user ID stand for? ____________________________________

__ 2. Determine the record length and block length of userid.ISPF.PROFILE:

__ a. Record length: __________ *
__ b. Block length: ___________ *
__ 3. Display a list of all members of userid.ES10.PDS, and then do the following:
__ 4. Delete member DATA1.
__ 5. Rename member DATA3 to DATA. *
__ 6. Move member TABLE to data set userid.ES10.DATA. Verify the move by displaying a
member list of userid.ES10.DATA.
__ 7. Delete member DATA2 of data set userid.ES10.DATA.
__ 8. Delete data set userid.ES10.PS.
__ 9. Compress data set userid.ES10.DATA.

Questions

Q2: What letter is used to compress a data set? ____________________

__ 10. Determine the volume on which the data set userid.ES10.DATA resides.
__ 11. Press PF11 as necessary and answer the following questions:

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V11.2
Exercise 6. Data set lists

EXempty

Questions

Q3: What is the number of allocated tracks in userid.ES10.CNTL? _____________

Q4: What is the %Used of userid.ES10.CNTL? _____________ *
Q5: What is the catalog in which userid.ES10.DATA is cataloged? ____________________

__ 12. List all data sets residing on the same volume as data set userid.ES10.DATA that start
with first four letters of your TSO user ID.
__ 13. Select the data set userid.ES10.DATA from your list and display all members in the data
set.
__ 14. Delete data set userid.ES10.DATA.
__ 15. Return to the ISPF Primary Option menu.

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 6. Data set lists

EXempty
Exercise answers
Section 1: Data set lists
Q1: What does the first entry user ID stand for?
A1: Is the alias entry of the user ID in the master catalog.
Q2: What letter is used to compress a data set?
A2: The letter Z.
Q3: What is the number of allocated tracks in userid.ES10.CNTL?
A3: 15.
Q4: What is the %Used of userid.ES10.CNTL?
A4: 6%.
Q5: What is the catalog in which userid.ES10.DATA is cataloged?
A5: ICFCAT.MVS100.UCAT.STUD3.

Exercise hints
Section 1: Data set lists
Step 2a: Record length 80 bytes.
Step 2b: Block length 27,920 bytes.
Step 5: A shortcut way to rename a data set member:
Enter the letter R (for rename) to the left of the member, enter the New Name and press the
Enter key.

Q4: From the Data Set Information screen, press the F3 key to go back to the screen which lists the
data sets starting with your userid. Place the cursor to the left of userid.ES10.DATA and press the
F11 key. Continue to press the F11 key to view additional information.

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty

Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

Estimated time
00:45

Overview
This exercise guides you through using TSO commands to manage data sets.

Objectives
• Utilize TSO commands
• Allocate data sets
• Verify allocation of data sets
• Delete data sets

References
SC34-4823 Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF) User's Guide
SC28-1968 TSO/E User's Guide

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty
Exercise instructions

Preface
• The answers to all questions are located at the end of this exercise.
• All action items followed by a * sign, include exercise hints, which are located at the end of this
exercise.

Section 1: Accessing the TSO command line

__ 1. Select option 6 (Command) from the ISPF Primary Option Menu.
ISPF allows TSO commands, CLISTs, and REXX execs to be entered in the command
input field of any panel.

Important

All TSO commands must start with TSO. TSO commands are not case sensitive.
Example: TSO HELP ALLOCATE FUNCTION
This command displays the function of the allocate command.

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty
Section 2: TSO commands
__ 2. Use the proper TSO/E command to display only the function of the ALLOCATE command.
__ 3. Use the proper TSO/E command to display only the syntax of the ALLOCATE command.
__ 4. Find out the purpose of the LIKE operand of the ALLOCATE command. *
__ 5. Allocate a new data set called userid.ES10.TSOEPDS.
Allocate the data set with the same characteristics as D80WW.ES10V15.PROC.

__ 6. Verify the proper allocation of userid.ES10.TSOEPDS by using a TSO/E command to

display its characteristics as well as those of D80WW.ES10V15.PROC. *
__ 7. Allocate a new sequential data set called userid.ES10.TSOEPS with the following
characteristics: *
__ a. File name ALLOCPS
__ b. Two tracks primary space, one track secondary
__ c. Fixed-length records of 80 bytes
__ d. Blocked records
__ 8. Verify whether the data set has been allocated with the right file name by displaying a list of
all currently allocated data sets. Ensure you specify the right parameter to see a list of file
names.
__ 9. Enter the following command: LISTDS ES10.TSOEPS.

Questions

Q1: Did the command work? __________________________________________________

__ 10. Display your TSO/E profile and change the prefix setting to HUGO.
__ 11. Enter the following command: LISTDS ES10.TSOEPS.
__ 12. Reset the prefix to its previous value. *

Note

The previous prefix was noprefix. The solution sets the prefix to the userid.

__ 13. Enter the following command: LISTDS.

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty

Questions

Q2: What is the result of entering the command?

______________________________________

__ 14. Press the ESC Key to terminate the message.

__ 15. Change the profile setting to NOPROMPT.
__ 16. Enter the following command: LISTDS

Questions

Q3: What is the result of entering the command?

______________________________________

__ 17. Reset the profile to PROMPT.

When you enter incorrect information with a command or when the system requires further
information from you, the system issues a message to prompt you for the information. To
control whether you receive these system messages, use the PROMPT/NOPROMPT
operands.
If you do not want to receive the system messages, use the NOPROMPT operand.
The PROMPT operand allows you to receive these messages at the terminal and is the
default with the PROFILE command.
__ 18. Enter the following command: LISTCAT ENT(‘userid.ES10.TSOEPDS’) ALL

Questions

Q4: What are the first three letters of the VOLSER on which the data set was allocated? ________

__ 19. Enter the following commands: LISTCAT ENT(‘userid’) ALIAS ALL

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty
This command displays the alias entry associated to your user ID HLQ (High Level
Qualifier). All data sets that are created with your HLQ will be cataloged in the user catalog
defined by the alias entry: ICFCAT.MVS100.UCAT.STUDx.
__ 20. Enter the following command:
LISTC LVL(‘userid’) CAT(‘ICFCAT.MVS100.UCAT.STUDx’)
This command lists all of your user data sets cataloged in this user catalog.
__ 21. Enter the following command:
LISTC LVL(‘userid’) CAT(‘ICFCAT.MVS100.UCAT.STUDx’) ALL
This command provides more information from the catalog (with the ALL option).

End of exercise

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V11.2
Exercise 7. Using TSO/E commands

EXempty
Exercise answers
Section 2: TSO commands
Q1: Did the command work?
A1: It worked only if the profile prefix is set to the user ID high level qualifier (Your TSO user ID).
Q2: What is the result of entering the command?
A2: Message IKJ56700A ENTER DATA SET NAME - appears.
Q3: What is the result of entering the command?
A3: Message IKJ56701I MISSING DATA SET NAME - appears.
Q4: What are the first three letters of the VOLSER on which the data set was allocated?
A4: The VOLSER starts with SMS (Storage Management Subsystem) and is followed by three
numbers.

Exercise hints
Section 2: TSO commands
Step 4: TSO HELP ALLOCATE OPERANDS (LIKE)
Step 6: TSO LISTDS userid.ES10.TSOEPDS and TSO LISTDS D80WW.ES10V15.PROC
Try it with quotes around the data set name and try it without the quotes.
Step 7: ALLOC DA(‘userid.ES10.TSOEPS’) FI(ALLOCPS) TRACKS SPACE(2,1)
LRECL(80) RECFM(F,B) DSORG(PS)
Step 12: PROFILE PREFIX (TSO userid)

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V11.3
Glossary

glos
Glossary
Synonym for: This indicates that the term has
the same meaning as a preferred term, which is
This glossary includes terms and definitions defined in its proper place in the glossary.
from:
Synonymous with: This is a backward
• The American National Standard Dictionary reference from a defined term to all other terms
for Information Systems, ANSI that have the same meaning.
X3.172-1990, copyright 1990 by the
American National Standards Institute See: This refers the reader to multiple-word
(ANSI). Copies can be purchased from the terms that have the same last word.
American National Standards Institute, 11 See also: This refers the reader to terms that
West 42nd Street, New York, New York have a related, but not synonymous, meaning.
10036. Definitions are identified by the
symbol (A) after the definition. Deprecated term for: This indicates that the
term should not be used. It refers to a preferred
• The ANSI/EIA Standard— 440-A, Fiber term, which is defined in its proper place in the
Optic Terminology. Copies can be glossary.
purchased from the Electronic Industries
Association, 2001 Pennsylvania Avenue, Numerics
N.W., Washington, DC 20006. Definitions
are identified by the symbol (E) after the
definition.
A
• The Information Technology Vocabulary,
developed by Subcommittee 1, Joint AC:
Technical Committee 1, of the International See Alternating Current.
Organization for Standardization and the Access:
International Electrotechnical Commission
1) To obtain computing services or data.
(ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1). Definitions of
2) In computer security, a specific type of
published parts of this vocabulary are
interaction between a subject and an object that
identified by the symbol (I) after the
results in flow of information from one to the
definition; definitions taken from draft
other.
international standards, committee drafts,
and working papers being developed by Access-any mode:
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1 are identified by the One of the two access modes that can be set
symbol (T) after the definition, indicating for the storage system during initial
that final agreement has not yet been configuration. It enables all Fibre
reached among the participating National Channel-attached host systems with no defined
Bodies of SC1. access profile to access all logical volumes on
• The Network Working Group Request for the storage system. With a profile defined in
Comments: 1208. DS8000 Storage Management GUI for a
particular host, that host has access only to
The following cross-references are used in this volumes that are assigned to the WWPN for
glossary: that host. See also pseudo host and worldwide
Contrast with: This refers to a term that has an port name.
opposed or substantively different meaning.

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 Glossary

Access Control Lists (ACLs): Aliases:

Are used to control access to files and The number of parallel access volumes (PAVs)
directories by individual user (UID) and group defined to be used by a particular volume, or,
(GID). ACLs are used in conjunction with when HyperPAV is enabled, any volume within
permission bits. the LSS.
ACK: All-Flash configuration:
See request for acknowledgment and A high-performance storage configuration that
acknowledgment. supports only high-performance flash
enclosures.
Adaptive Multi-stream Prefetching (AMP):
An autonomic, workload-responsive, Allegiance:
self-optimizing prefetching technology that For IBM Z products, a relationship that is
adapts the amount of prefetch and the timing of created between a device and one or more
prefetch on a per-application basis to maximize channel paths during the processing of certain
the performance of the system. conditions. See also implicit allegiance, and
Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC): reserved allegiance.
A page replacement algorithm with better ALLOCATE command (In UNIX):
performance than LRU (Least Recently Used).
Use the ALLOCATE command to dynamically
This is accomplished by keeping track of both
frequently used and recently used pages plus a allocate VSAM, non-VSAM, and Hierarchical
recent eviction history for both. File System (HFS) data sets.

Address space: Allocated storage:

Is the amount of memory allocated for all The space that is allocated to volumes but not
possible addresses for a computational entity, yet assigned. Contrast with assigned storage.
such as a device, a file, a server, or a Allocation method:
networked computer.
The means by which capacity is allocated for
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): volumes from within a pool. Possible values
Is a symmetric block cipher used by the US include rotate capacity, rotate volumes, and
government to protect classified information managed.
and is implemented in software and hardware
throughout the world to encrypt sensitive data. Alternating Current (AC):
A block cipher is a method of encrypting text (to A type of electrical current, in which the
produce ciphertext) in which a cryptographic direction of the flow of electrons switches back
key and algorithm are applied to a block of data and forth at regular intervals or cycles. Current
(for example, 63 contiguous bits) at once as a flowing in power lines and normal household
group rather than to 1 bit at a time. electricity that comes from a wall outlet is
Agent: alternating current. The standard current used
A program that automatically initiates some in the US is 60 cycles per second (that is, a
service without user intervention or on a regular frequency of 60 Hz); in Europe and most other
schedule. See also subagent. parts of the world it is 50 cycles per second
(that is, a frequency of 50 Hz.).
Alert:
American National Standards Institute
A message or log that a storage system
(ANSI):
generates as the result of error event collection
and analysis. An alert indicates that a service A private, nonprofit organization whose
action is required. membership includes private companies, US
government agencies, and professional,
technical, trade, labor, and consumer

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 Glossary

organizations. ANSI coordinates the Application Specific Integrated Circuit

development of voluntary consensus standards (ASIC):
in the US Is a microchip designed for a special
American Standard Code for Information application, such as a particular kind of
Interchange (ASCII): transmission protocol or a hand-held computer.
Is the most common format for text files in Arbitrated loop:
computers and on the Internet. In an ASCII file, For Fibre Channel connections, a topology that
each alphabetic, numeric, or special character enables the interconnection of a set of nodes.
is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a See also point-to-point connection and
string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible switched fabric.
characters are defined.
ARC:
AMP:
See Adaptive Replacement Cache.
See Adaptive Multi-stream Prefetching.
Array:
Another Network Block Device (ANBD):
A structure that contains an ordered collection
Is a compatible NBD (Network Block Device) of elements of the same data type in which
extension from 2003. It supports multithreading each element can be referenced by its index
and promises better error messages than its value or ordinal position in the collection. In the
predecessor. storage system, an array is a group of disks
Anonymous: that the user designates to be managed by the
In the DS8000 Storage Management GUI, the RAID technique. See also Redundant Array of
label on an icon that represents all connections Independent Disk (RAID).
that are using Fibre Channel adapters between Array site:
the storage system and hosts but are not
completely defined to the storage system. See A group of identical drives (same capacity,
also anonymous host, pseudo host, and speed, and drive class). Which drives from an
access-any mode. array site is predetermined automatically by the
DS8000. There is no predetermined processor
Anonymous host: node affinity for array sites. Array sites are the
Synonym for pseudo host. Contrast with building blocks that are used to define arrays.
anonymous and pseudo host. ASCII:
ANSI: See American Standard Code for Information
See American National Standards Institute. Interchange.

AOS: ASIC:
See Assist On Site. See Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
APAR (Authorized Program Analysis Assigned storage:
Report): The space that is allocated to a volume and that
A request for correction of a problem caused by is assigned to a port.
a defect in a current release of a program
unaltered by the user. Assist On Site (AOS):
Application programming interface (API): The components of Assist On-site (AOS)
interact together to start and maintain a support
Is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for
session between the support engineer and the
building software applications. An API specifies
customer.
how software components should interact and
APIs are used when programming graphical
user interface (GUI) components.

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 Glossary

Asymmetric encryption: Base addressing space:

Also known as public-key encryption, On an extended address volume, this term
symmetric versus asymmetric encryption refers to cylinders with addresses below
utilizes a pair of keys; a public key and a private 65,536. These cylinder addresses are
key. If you encrypt data with the public key, only represented by 16-bit cylinder numbers or by
the holder of the corresponding private key can 28-bit cylinder numbers with high order 12 bits
decrypt the data, hence ensuring confidentiality. of zero (0).
Many ‘secure’ online transaction systems rely
Batch processing:
on asymmetric encryption to establish a secure
Batch Processing is used for programs that can
channel. SSL, for example, is a protocol that
be executed with minimal human interaction
utilizes asymmetric encryption to provide
and at a scheduled time or on an as-needed
communication security on the Internet. An
basis.
asymmetric encryption algorithm typically
involve exponential operations. They are not Battery Service Module (BSM) set:
lightweight in terms of performance. For that The DC-UPS contains integrated battery sets
reason, asymmetric algorithms are often used known as Battery Service Modules (BSM) sets.
to secure key exchanges rather than used for The BSM set is composed of four BSM
bulk data encryption. modules. The BSM sets help protect data if
Availability: there is a loss of external power to the frame. If
there is a complete loss of AC input power to
The degree to which a system or resource is
the frame, the batteries are used to maintain
capable of performing its normal function. See
power to the processor complexes and I/O
data availability.
enclosures for sufficient time to allow the
B contents of NVS memory (modified data that is
not yet destaged from cache) to be written to
Bandwidth: the hard disk drives internal to the processor
Defined as the amount of data that can be complexes (not the storage enclosure drives).
transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital Bay:
devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in A physical space into which a device can be
bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. physically mounted and connected to power
Bare-metal hypervisor: and data. For example, a power supply or a
disk drive might be inserted into a bay. See also
Type-1, native or bare-metal hypervisors:
service boundary.
These hypervisors run directly on the host's
hardware to control the hardware and to Block:
manage guest operating systems. For this A string of data elements recorded, processed,
reason, they are sometimes called bare metal or transmitted as a unit. The elements can be
hypervisors. characters, words, or physical records. A group
Type-2 or hosted hypervisors: of contiguous sectors on a disk that contains a
These hypervisors run on a conventional block header and some integral number of
operating system just as other computer records. All blocks on the storage device are
programs do. A guest operating system runs as the same size (fixed size). See also fixed-block
a process on the host. Type-2 hypervisors architecture and data record.
abstract guest operating systems from the host Break Point Value (BPV):
operating system. When a disk space request is this size or more,
the system prefers to use the cylinder-managed
space for that extent. This applies to each

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 Glossary

request for primary or secondary space for data typically smaller and faster than the primary
sets that are eligible for the cylinder-managed memory or storage medium. In addition to
space. If not enough cylinder-managed space residing in cache memory, the same data also
is available, then the system uses the resides on the storage devices in the storage
track-managed space or will use both areas. system.
The breakpoint value is expressed in cylinders.
Cache miss:
When the size of a disk space request is less
An event that occurs when a read operation is
than the breakpoint value, the system prefers to
sent to the cluster, but the data is not found in
use the track-managed area. If not enough
cache. Contrast with cache hit.
space is available there, then the system will
use the cylinder-managed space, or will use Call home:
both areas. A communication link established between the
storage product and a service provider. The
BSM:
storage product can use this link to place a call
See Battery Service Module (BSM) set. to IBM or to another service provider when it
Business Class configuration: requires service. With access to the machine,
service personnel can process service tasks,
A high-density, high-performance storage
such as viewing error logs and problem logs or
configuration that includes standard disk
initiating trace and dump retrievals. See also
enclosures and high-performance flash heartbeat and Remote Technical Assistance
enclosures and is optimized and configured for Information Network (RETAIN).
cost, by minimizing the number of device
adapters and maximizing the number of storage Capacity Backup (CBU):
enclosures that are attached to each storage Provides the ability to replace model capacity or
system. specialty engines to a backup server in the
event of an unforeseen loss of server capacity
C because of an emergency.
Cache: Capacity Upgrade on Demand (CUoD):
Memory used to improve access times to Activates additional processors and memory
instructions, data, or both. Data that resides in units on selected servers by purchasing a
cache memory is normally a copy of data that permanent processor or memory unit activation
resides elsewhere in slower, less expensive feature. CUoD adds capacity for new
storage, such as on a disk or on another workloads, which enables the server to adapt to
network node. unexpected performance demands.
Cache fast write: Cascading:
A form of the fast-write operation in which the 1) Connecting network controllers to each other
storage server writes the data directly to cache, in a succession of levels to concentrate many
where it is available for later destaging. more lines than a single level permits.
Cache hit: 2) In high-availability cluster system
MultiProcessing (HACMP), pertaining to a
An event that occurs when a read operation is
system configuration in which the system node
sent to the cluster, and the requested data is
with the highest priority for a particular resource
found in cache. Contrast with cache miss.
acquires the resource if the primary node fails.
Cache memory: The cluster system node relinquishes the
Memory, typically volatile memory, that a resource to the primary node upon reintegration
storage server uses to improve access times to of the primary node into the system.
instructions or data. The cache memory is
Cataloged procedure:

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 Glossary

A procedure that is stored as a member of a In UNIX-like operating systems, chmod is the

PDS or PDSE is a cataloged procedure. The system and system call, which may change the
data set containing the procedure can either be access permissions to file system objects (files
a private or system data set. and directories).
CBU: Channel:
See Capacity Backup. The part of a channel subsystem that manages
a single I/O interface between a channel
CDS: subsystem and a set of control units.
See Couple Data Set. Channel Path Identifier (CHPID):
Central Electronic Complex (CEC): The channel, represented by a channel path ID
The set of hardware that defines a mainframe, or CHPID, represents the actual
which includes the CPU(s), memory, channels, communication path. A CHPID is the handle by
controllers, and power supplies included in the which communication between the CPC and an
system. A physical collection of hardware that external device is facilitated. A CHPID must be
consists of main storage, one or more Central unique, since it denotes a unique path of
Processors (CPs), timers, and channels. communication for the CPC. The maximum
number of allowable CHPIDs within a channel
CF:
subsystem is 256. Channels can be shared
See Coupling facility. between LPARs. A CHPID is associated with
CFCC: either a physical port or with an internal
connection defined inside the mainframe. Valid
See Coupling Facility Control Code. CHPIDs are in the hexadecimal range from
Central Processing Unit (CPU): X'00' through X'FF'.
Is the primary component of a computer that Channel Command Word (CCW):
processes instructions. It runs the operating An instruction to a specialized I/O channel
system and applications, constantly receiving processor, which is, in fact, a finite state
input from the user or active software machine. It is used to initiate an I/O operation,
programs. It processes the data and produces such as ‘read’, ‘write’ or ‘sense’, on a
output, which may stored by an application or channel-attached device. On system
displayed on the screen. architectures, which implement channel I/O,
typically all devices are connected by channels,
Central Processor (CP): and so all I/O requires the use of CCWs.
The part of the computer that contains the
CICS:
sequencing and processing facilities for
instruction execution, initial program load, and See Customer Information Control System.
other machine operations. CPs execute CIM:
instructions. See Common Information Model.
Central Processor Complex (CPC): Ciphertext:
Refers to the physical collection of hardware Data that has been encrypted. Ciphertext is
that includes main storage, one or more central unreadable until it has been converted into
processors, timers, and channels. plaintext (decrypted) with a key.
CGI: Citrix XenServer:
See Common Interface Gateway. Is a server virtualization platform based on the
Xen hypervisor that allows IT administrators to
Change Mode (CMOD): host, deploy, and manage virtual machines.

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 Glossary

CIU: CLIST is a procedural programming language

for TSO in z/OS systems.
See Customer Initiated Upgrade.
Command Line Interface (CLI):
CKD:
An interface that defines a set of commands
See Count Key Data.
and enables a user to issue these commands
Cloud: by entering text in response to the command
A cloud is a vast array of computers that are prompt (for example, DOS commands or UNIX
hooked together and meant to operate as a shell commands). See also IBM DS CLI.
single ecosystem. Clouds are configured to
Command parameter:
offer one or more services (for example, data
Defines a parameter of a command being
storage, content delivery, or applications) and
created.
users can access these services remotely.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI):
Cloud Management Platform (CMP):
Was introduced to enable and standardize the
A Cloud Management Platform is software, interface between Web servers and external
which combines a set of features or modules, programs. The CGI is a relatively simple,
which enable the management of different platform and language independent,
cloud environments. Public, private, and hybrid industry-standard interface for Web application
cloud cannot be all handled with a simple development. Programs that implement the
virtualization management console. CGI standard are commonly called CGI
programs.
Cluster:
Complementary
A partition capable of processing all DS8000
Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS):
series functions. With two clusters in the
CMOS is a technology for constructing
storage system, any operational cluster can
integrated circuits. CMOS technology is used in
take over the processing of a failing cluster.
microprocessors, micro controllers, static RAM,
Cluster Structure Storage System (CSS): and other digital logic circuits.
CSS is a novel, high-performance disk storage
Compression Coprocessor (CMPSC):
system. CSS divides its disk space into large,
fix-sized clusters, which are the basic units for Is a high-performance coprocessor that uses
disk reads and writes. compression algorithms to help reduce disk
space and memory usage. Each processor unit
CMOS: See Complementary
has a dedicated CMPSC that connects to the
Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor.
main cache-structure for better throughput of
CMPSC: See Compression Coprocessor. the compression dictionaries.
Cold demotion: Computer program:
An operation of IBM Easy Tier automatic mode. A computer program is a list of instructions that
The movement of an extent of inactive data to a tell a computer what to do.
lower tier to make its tier available for new data.
Concurrent copy:
Common Information Model (CIM): A facility on a storage server that enables a
Is an open standard that defines how managed program to make a backup of a data set while
elements in an IT environment are represented the logical volume remains available for
as a common set of objects and relationships subsequent processing. The data in the backup
between them. copy is frozen at the point in time that the server
responds to the request.
Command List (CLIST):

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 Glossary

Concurrent installation of licensed machine and synchronizes the operation of such devices
code: with the operation of the system as a whole.
Process of installing Licensed Internal Code on 2) For IBM Z, a storage server with FICON or
a DS8000 series while applications continue to OEMI interfaces. The control unit adapts a
run. native device interface to an I/O interface that
an IBM Z Systems host system supports.
Configure:
3) The portion of the storage system that
In storage, to define the logical and physical supports the attachment of emulated count key
devices, optional features, and program data devices over ESCON, FICON, or OEMI
products of the input/output subsystem through interfaces. See also cluster.
the user interface that the storage system
provides for this function. Control-unit image:
In mainframe computing, a logical subsystem
Configuration task commands:
that is accessed through an ESCON I/O
Used for creating, modifying, and deleting interface. One or more control-unit images exist
resources.
in each control unit. Each image appears as an
Consistency group: independent control unit, but all control-unit
A group of volumes participating in FlashCopy images share a common set of hardware
relationships in a logical subsystem, across facilities. The DS8000 series can emulate
logical subsystems, or across multiple storage 3990-3, TPF, 3990-6, or 2105 control units.
systems that must be kept in a consistent state
to ensure data integrity. Control-Unit-Initiated Reconfiguration
(CUIR):
Consistency group interval time:
A software mechanism that the DS8000 series
The value in seconds that indicates the length uses to request that an operating system of IBM
of time between the formation of consistency Z host verify that one or more subsystem
groups. resources can be taken offline for service. The
Consistent copy: DS8000 series can use this process to
A copy of a data entity (a logical volume, for automatically vary channel paths offline and
example) that contains the contents of the online to facilitate bay service or concurrent
entire data entity at a single instant in time. code installation. Depending on the operating
system, support for this process might be
Console: model-dependent, might depend on the IBM
A user interface to a server, for example, the Enterprise Storage Server Subsystem Device
interface provided on a personal computer. See Driver, or might not exist.
also Hardware Management Console.
Copy Services:
Control path: A collection of optional software features, with a
The route that is established from the master web-browser interface, that is used for
storage system to the subordinate storage configuring, managing, and monitoring
system when more than one storage system data-copy functions.
participates in a Global Mirror session. If there
is only one storage system (the master) in the Core:
Global Mirror session, no control path is See processor.
required. Count field:
Control unit: The first field of a Count Key Data (CKD)
1) A device that coordinates and controls the record. This 8-byte field contains a 4-byte track
operation of one or more input/output devices, address (CCHH). It defines the cylinder and
head that are associated with the track, and a

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 Glossary

1-byte record number (R) that identifies the Allows you to define how z/OS is to manage
record on the track. It defines a 1-byte key coupling facility resources.
length that specifies the length of the record's
CP:
key field (0 means no key field). It defines a
See Central Processor.
2-byte data length that specifies the length of
the record's data field (0 means no data field). CP Assist for Cryptographic Function
Only the end-of-file record has a data length of (CPACF):
zero.
Is a set of cryptographic instructions providing
Count Key Data (CKD): improved performance.
In mainframe computing, a data-record format CPC:
employing self-defining record formats in which
See Central Processing Complex.
each record is represented by up to three fields:
a count field that identifies the record and CPU:
specifies its format, an optional key field that See Central Processing Unit.
identifies the data area contents, and an
CRC:
optional data field that typically contains the
See Cyclic Redundancy Check.
user data. For CKD records on the storage
system, the logical volume size is defined in Cross-cluster communication:
terms of the device emulation mode (3390 or DS8880 uses PCIe paths between the I/O
3380 track format). The count field is always 8 enclosures to provide the cross-cluster (XC)
bytes long and contains the lengths of the key communication between CPCs. This
and data fields, the key field has a length of 0 to configuration means that no separate path is
255 bytes, and the data field has a length of 0 between the XC communications and I/O traffic,
to 65 535 or the maximum that will fit on the which simplifies the topology. During normal
track. See also data record. operations, the XC communication traffic uses
Couple Data Set (CDS): a small portion of the overall available PCIe
bandwidth (less than 1.7%) so that the XC
Couple data sets provides a central shared
communication traffic has a negligible effect on
repository of data that needs to be visible to
I/O performance.
every system in the sysplex. The CDS and all
accesses to the data therein are managed by
XCF. Cross-System Coupling Facility (XCF):
Is a component of z/OS that manages
Coupling Facility (CF):
communications between applications in a
Is a piece of computer hardware which allows sysplex. Applications may be on the same
multiple processors to access the same data. A system or different systems.
Parallel Sysplex relies on one or more Coupling Systems communicate using messages
Facilities (CFs). transported by one of two mechanisms:
Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC): Dedicated channel-to-channel links (CTC links)
and Structures in a Coupling Facility, only
Is an IBM licensed Internal Code that always
available in Parallel Sysplex, not in standard
runs under an LPAR, regardless of whether the
sysplex.
CF is in a standalone CPC or in a general
purpose CPC. Cross-System Extended Services (XES):

Coupling Facility Resource Management A component of z/OS, enables applications and

(CFRM): subsystems to take advantage of the coupling
facility.

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 Glossary

Cryptography: A unit of storage on a CKD device with a fixed

(1) The transformation of data to conceal its number of tracks.
information content and to prevent its Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
unauthorized use or undetected modification. (CWDM):
(2) Protecting information by transforming it Is a method of combining multiple signals on
(encrypting it) into an unreadable format, called laser beams at various wavelengths for
ciphertext. Only those who possess a secret transmission along fiber optic cables, such that
key can decipher (or decrypt) the message into the number of channels is fewer than in Dense
plaintext. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) but
more than in standard Wavelength Division
CRUD:
Multiplexing (WDM).
Create, Read, Update, and Delete as an
acronym CRUD, are the four basic functions of D
persistent storage.[
DA:
CU:
See Device Adapter.
See Control Unit.
Daisy chain:
CUoD:
See serial connection.
See Capacity Upgrade on Demand.
DASD:
CUIR: See Direct Access Storage Device.
See Control-Unit Initiated Reconfiguration.
DASD fast write (DFW):
Customer Information Control System A function in which data is written concurrently
(CICS): to cache and nonvolatile storage, and
Is an online transaction processing monitor automatically scheduled for destaging to
from IBM that acts as an interface between the DASD. Both copies are retained in the storage
operating system and application programs to control until the data is completely written to the
provide rapid high-volume online transaction DASD, providing data integrity equivalent to
processing. writing directly to the DASD. Use of DASD fast
write for system-managed data sets is
Customer Initiated Upgrade (CIU):
controlled by storage class attributes to improve
Is an IBM on-line system through which you can performance.
order, download, and install temporary and
DAT:
permanent upgrades for IBM Z servers.
See Dynamic Address Translation.
Cylinder-managed space:
This term refers to the space on the volume that Data availability:
is managed only in multicylinder units. The degree to which data is available when
Cylinder-managed space begins at cylinder needed, typically measured as a percentage of
address 65520. Each data set occupies an time that the system would be capable of
integral multiple of multicylinder units. Space responding to any data request (for example,
requests targeted for the cylinder-managed 99.999% available).
space will be rounded up to the next
Data Base 2 (DB2):
multicylinder unit. The cylinder-managed space
DB2 provides an open database environment
exists only on EAVs.
that runs on a wide variety of computing
Cylinder: platforms.
Data compression:

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 Glossary

The process of eliminating gaps, empty fields, any, or all, attached host systems. To use this
redundancies, and unnecessary data to shorten capability, the host program must be designed
the length of records or blocks. to support data that it is sharing.
Data Facility Storage Management DC:
Subsystem data set services (DFSMSdss) See Direct Current.
utilities:
DFSMSdss is a component of DFSMS (Data DC-UPS (Direct Current-Uninterruptible
Facility Storage Management Subsystem). It is Power Supply:
used to move and replicate data, manage Converts incoming AC line voltage to rectified
storage space efficiently, backup and recover AC, and contains an integrated battery
data, and convert data sets and volumes. subsystem.
Data field: Decrypt:
The optional third field of a Count Key Data In Cryptographic Support, to convert ciphertext
(CKD) record. The count field specifies the into plaintext. See also encrypt.
length of the data field. The data field contains
Decryption:
data that the program writes.
In computer security, the process of
Data record: transforming encoded text or ciphertext into
The basic unit of IBM Z storage on a DS8000, plaintext. The process of decoding data that
also known as a Count Key Data (CKD) record. has been encrypted into a secret format.
Data records are stored on a track. The records Decryption requires a secret key or password.
are sequentially numbered starting with 0. The
DELETE command (In UNIX):
first record, R0, is typically called the track
descriptor record and contains data that the Use the DELETE command to delete one or
operating system normally uses to manage the more data set entries or one or more members
track. See also count-key-data and fixed-block of a partitioned data set.
architecture. Demote:
Data set FlashCopy: To remove a logical data unit from cache
For IBM Z hosts, a feature of FlashCopy that memory. A storage server demotes a data unit
indicates how many partial volume FlashCopy to create room for other logical data units in the
relationships are active on a volume. cache or because the logical data unit is not
valid. The storage system must destage logical
Data space / Hiperspace: data units with active write units before they can
A data space or hiperspace contains only user be demoted. See also destage.
data or user programs stored as data.
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Data Set Command Line Interface (DS CLI): (DWDM):
A software package that allows open systems Is a technology that puts data from different
hosts to invoke and manage Copy Services sources together on an optical fiber, with each
functions as well as to configure and manage signal carried at the same time on its own
all storage units in a storage complex. The DS separate light wavelength. Using DWDM, up to
CLI is a full-function command set. 80 (and theoretically more) separate
wavelengths or channels of data can be
Data sharing: multiplexed into a lightstream transmitted on a
The ability of multiple host systems to single optical fiber. Each channel carries a Time
concurrently utilize data that they store on one Division Multiplexed (TDM) signal. In a system
or more storage devices. The storage system with each channel carrying 2.5 Gbps (billion bits
enables configured storage to be accessible to per second), up to 200 billion bits can be
delivered a second by the optical fiber. DWDM

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 Glossary

is also sometimes called Wave Division response is a display of basic status

Multiplexing (WDM). information about a device, a group of devices,
Destage: or storage control units. Because the DEVSERV
command causes the system to issue an I/O
The storage system stages incoming data into
request on paths to a device or devices, the
cache and then destages it to disk.
resulting display reflects the current physical
Device: state of the path.
For IBM Z, a disk drive.
DFSMSdss:
Device Adapter (DA): See Data Facility Storage Management
A physical component of DS8000 series that Subsystem data set services utilities.
provides communication between the clusters
DFSORT:
and the storage devices. DS8000 series has
DFSORT is IBM’s high-performance sort,
eight device adapters that it deploys in pairs,
merge, copy, analysis, and reporting product for
one from each cluster. Device adapter pairing
z/OS.
enables DS8000 series to access any disk
drive from either of two paths, providing fault DIMM:
tolerance and enhanced availability. See Dual In-line Memory Module.
Device address: Direct Access Device Space Management
For IBM Z, the field of an ESCON device-level (DADSM):
frame that selects a specific device on a Performs the functions required to allocate or
control-unit image. free space on a Direct Access Storage Device
(DASD). The DADSM routines control
Device ID:
allocation of space on DASD volumes, and
The unique two-digit hexadecimal number that provide information on volume contents on
identifies the logical device. request. The information is kept by DADSM in
its own data set which it maintains for each
device interface card: volume: the Volume Table Of Contents
A physical subunit of a storage cluster that (VTOC).
provides the communication with the attached Direct Access Storage Device (DASD):
device drive modules.
1) A mass storage medium on which a
Device number: computer stores data.
For IBM Z, a four-hexadecimal-character 2) A disk device.
identifier, for example 13A0, that the systems Direct Current (DC):
administrator associates with a device to Is an electrical current, which flows consistently
facilitate communication between the program in one direction.
and the host operator. The device number is
associated with a subchannel. Disk Drive Module (DDM):
A Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) that consists of
Device Support Facility (ICKDSF):
a single disk drive and its associated
Is the utility used to install, initialize, and packaging.
maintain IBM DASD. It can be run as a
standalone job or under a system such as Disk enclosure:
z/OS. ‘ICK’ is not an acronym for anything. The DS8000 data disks are installed in
enclosures called disk enclosures or storage
DEVSER command:
enclosures. These disk enclosures are installed
A z/OS command used to request a display of in pairs.
the status of DASD and tape devices. The
Disk group:

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 Glossary

A collection of 4 disk drives that are connected See Domain Name System.
to the same pair of IBM Serial Storage adapters
Domain:
and can be used to create a RAID array. A disk
1) That part of a computer network in which the
group can be formatted as count key data or
data processing resources are under common
fixed block, and as RAID or non-RAID, or it can
control.
be left unformatted. A disk group is a logical
2) In TCP/IP, the naming system used in
assemblage of disk drives.
hierarchical networks.
Disk Operating System (DOS):
Domain Name System (DNS):
Is an operating system that runs from a hard In TCP/IP, the server program that supplies
disk drive. name-to-address translation by mapping
Disk scrubbing: domain names to Internet addresses. The
The DS8000 periodically reads all sectors on a address of a DNS server is the Internet address
disk. This reading is designed to occur without of the server that hosts the DNS software for
any interference with application performance. the network.
If Error Correction Code (ECC) detects DOS:
correctable bad bits, the bits are corrected
See Disk Operating system.
immediately. This ability reduces the possibility
of multiple bad bits accumulating in a sector Dotted decimal notation:
beyond the ability of ECC to correct them. If a A convention used to identify IP addresses. The
sector contains data that is beyond ECC's notation consists of four 8-bit numbers written
ability to correct, RAID is used to regenerate in base 10. For example, 9.113.76.250 is an IP
the data and write a new copy onto a spare address that contains the octets 9, 113, 76, and
sector of the drive. This scrubbing process 250.
applies to drives that are array members and
DRAM:
spares.
See Dynamic Random Access Memory.
Disk Storage Feature Activation (DSFA):
Drawer:
The Data Storage Feature Activation (DSFA)
application provides feature activation codes A unit that contains multiple drive modules and
and license keys to technically activate provides power, cooling, and related
functions acquired for IBM storage products. interconnection logic to make the drive modules
accessible to attached host systems.
Distributed Network Block Device (DNBD):
Drive:
Uses UDP as its transport protocol, and thus
supports multicasting, client-side caching, and A drive can be either a magnetic drive or a Solid
server redundancy. It only supports RO exports. State Drive (SSD).
A field replaceable unit that consists of a single
Distributed ledger technology (DLT): drive and its associated packaging.
Allow their users to store and access
DS CLI:
information relating to a given set of assets and
their holders in a shared database of either See Data Set Command Line Interface.
transactions or account balances. This DS Network Interface (DSNI):
information is distributed among users who See Enterprise Storage Server Network
could then use it to settle their transfers of, for Interface.
example, securities and cash, without needing
to rely on a trusted central validation system. DS8000 series:
See IBM DS8000.
DNS:

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 Glossary

DS8000 Storage Management GUI: directly rather than having to proceed

See IBM DS Storage Manager. sequentially from a starting place. RAM is
located close to a computer’s processor and
Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM):
enables faster access to data than storage
Is a double SIMM (Single In-Line Memory media such as hard disk drives and solid-state
Module). It's a module containing one or drives.
several Random Access Memory (RAM) chips
on a small circuit board with pins that connect it Dynamic volume expansion:
to the computer motherboard. A DIMM has a The capability of the storage system to increase
168-pin connector and supports 64-bit data the capacity of host volumes up to a maximum
transfer. size while online.

Duplex: E
1) Regarding Copy Services, the state of a
volume pair after Remote Mirror and Copy has EAM:
completed the copy operation and the volume See Extent Allocation Method.
pair is synchronized. EAV:
2) In general, pertaining to a communication See Extended Address Volume.
mode in which data can be sent and received at
the same time. Easy Tier:
Is a built-in dynamic data relocation feature that
Dynamic Address Translation (DAT): allows the host-transparent movement of data
When a virtual address is used by a CPU to among the storage system resources. This
access main storage, it is first converted by feature significantly improves configuration
Dynamic Address Translation (DAT) to a real flexibility and performance tuning and planning.
address and then by prefixing, to an absolute EC:
address. See Engineering Change.
Dynamic CHPID Management (DCM): ECC:
Provides the ability to have the system See Error Correction Code.
dynamically manage ESCON and FICON
Bridge (FICON converter, or FCV) connected to See Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
DASD subsystems, based on the current work ECKD:
load and its service goals.
See Extended Count Key Data.
Dynamic Partition Manager (DPM):
eDRAM:
Is a guided management interface in the HMC
See Embedded DRAM.
that can be used to define the IBM Z hardware
and virtual infrastructure, including integrated ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD):
dynamic I/O management that runs a KVM for An undesirable discharge of static electricity
IBM Z Systems environment. that can damage equipment and degrade
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM): electrical circuitry.
A type of memory that is typically used for data Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC):
or program code that a computer processor Cryptographic capabilities that are designed to
needs to function. DRAM is a common type of provide public key support for constrained
Random Access Memory (RAM) used in digital environments.
Personal Computers (PCs), workstations and Embedded DRAM (eDRAM):
servers. Random access allows the PC Is Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
processor to access any part of the memory integrated on the same die or Multi-Chip

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 Glossary

Module (MCM) of an Application-Specific This term refers to a volume with more than
Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or microprocessor. 65520 cylinders. Only 3390 Model A devices
eDRAM's cost-per-bit is higher when compared can be an EAV.
to equivalent standalone DRAM chips used as
Engineering change:
external memory, but the performance
An update to a machine, part, or program.
advantages of placing eDRAM onto the same
chip as the processor outweigh the cost Enterprise Service Bus (ESB):
disadvantages in many applications.
It implements a communication system
Emergency Power Off (EPO): between mutually interacting software
A means of turning off power during an applications in a service-oriented architecture
emergency, usually a switch. (SOA)

EMIF: Enterprise Systems Architecture/390

See ESCON Multiple Image Facility. (ESA/390):
An IBM architecture for mainframe computers
Enclosure:
and peripherals. Processor systems that follow
A unit that houses the components of a storage the ESA/390 architecture include the ES/9000
subsystem, such as a control unit, disk drives, family. See also z/Architecture.
and power source.
Enterprise Class configuration:
Encrypt:
A high-density, high-performance storage
In Cryptographic Support, to systematically configuration that includes standard disk
scramble information so that it cannot be read enclosures and high-performance flash
without knowing the coding key. See also enclosures and is optimized and configured for
decrypt. performance and throughput, by maximizing
Encryption: the number of device adapters and paths to the
In computer security, the process of storage enclosures.
transforming data into an unintelligible form in Enterprise Storage Server Network Interface
such a way that the original data either cannot (ESSNI):
be obtained or can be obtained only by using a Is the logical server that communicates with the
decryption process. DS GUI server and interacts with the two
Encryption algorithm: processor nodes of the DS8880. Also referred
to as DS Network Interface (DSNI).
An algorithm that scrambles the data so that it
becomes unreadable to someone who Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON):
intercepts it. 1) An IBM Z computer peripheral interface. The
Encryption group: I/O interface uses IBM Z logical protocols over
a serial interface that configures attached units
Indicates whether encryption is enabled (select
to a communication fabric.
1) or disabled (select None) for ranks.
2) A set of IBM products and services that
Enhanced Network Block Device (ENBD): provide a dynamically connected environment
Is being pushed along by one active developer; within an enterprise.
there is a mailing list that sees a couple of Entropy Encoding:
messages a month. ENBD extends NBD
adding an automatic restart if the connection is Is a lossless data compression scheme that is
lost, authentication, and support for removable independent of the specific characteristics of
media. the medium.

Extended Address Volume (EAV): EPS:

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 Glossary

See Emergency Power Off. each LPAR with its own channel-subsystem
image.
ERDS:
See Error-Recording Data Set. EsconNet:
In the DS8000 Storage Management GUI, the
Error Correction Code (ECC):
label on a pseudo host icon that represents a
Checks read or transmitted data for errors and
host connection that uses the ESCON protocol
corrects them as soon as they are found. ECC
and that is not completely defined onDS8000
is similar to parity checking except that it
series. See also pseudo host and access-any
corrects errors immediately upon detection.
mode.
Error-Recording Data Set (ERDS):
ESD:
On IBM Z hosts, a data set that records
See ElectroStatic Discharge.
data-storage and data-retrieval errors. A
Service Information Message (SIM) provides ESE:
the error information for the ERDS. See Extent Space-Efficient.
Error recovery procedure: ESSNet:
Procedures designed to help isolate and, where See IBM Enterprise Storage Server Network.
possible, to recover from errors in equipment.
ESSNI:
The procedures are often used in conjunction
See Enterprise Storage Server Network
with programs that record information on
Interface.
machine malfunctions.
Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL):
SSB:
The Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL1 through
See Enterprise Service Bus. EAL7) of an IT product or system is a numerical
ESCD: grade assigned following the completion of a
See ESCON Director. Common Criteria security evaluation, an
international standard in effect since 1999. The
ESCON: increasing assurance levels reflect added
See Enterprise System Connection. assurance requirements that must be met to
ESCON channel: achieve Common Criteria certification. The
intent of the higher levels is to provide higher
An IBM Z channel that supports ESCON
confidence that the system's principal security
protocols.
features are reliably implemented. The EAL
ESCON Director (ESCD): level does not measure the security of the
An I/O interface switch that allows the system itself, it simply states at what level the
interconnection of multiple ESCON interfaces in system was tested.
a distributed-star topology. Extended Count Key Data (ECKD):
ESCON host systems: An extension of the Count Key Data (CKD)
IBM Z hosts that attach to the DS8000 series architecture.
with an ESCON adapter. Such host systems Extended Addressing Space (EAS):
run on operating systems that include z/OS,
On an extended address volume, this term
VSE, TPF, or versions of VM.
refers to cylinders with addresses that are
ESCON Multiple Image Facility (EMIF): equal to or greater than 65,536. These cylinder
For IBM Z, a function that enables LPARs to addresses are represented by 28-bit cylinder
share an ESCON channel path by providing numbers.
Extended Address Volume (EAV):

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 Glossary

A volume with more than 65,520 cylinders. An in the storage system fails. See also cluster and
extended address volume increases the failback.
amount of addressable DASD storage per
volume beyond 65,520 cylinders by changing Fast File System (FFS):
how tracks on ECKD (Extended Count Key FFS invented cylinder groups, which break the
Data) volumes are addressed. disk up into smaller chunks, with each group
having its own inodes and data blocks.
Extent:
A continuous space on a disk that is occupied Fast write:
by or reserved for a particular data set, data A write operation at cache speed that does not
space, or file. The unit of increment is a track. require immediate transfer of data to a disk
See also multiple allegiance and parallel drive. The subsystem writes the data directly to
access volumes. cache, to nonvolatile storage, or to both. The
data is then available for destaging. A fast-write
Extent Allocation Method (EAM):
operation reduces the time an application must
Defines how volumes extents are allocated on
wait for the I/O operation to complete.
the ranks in the Extent Pool.
FBA:
Extent pool:
See Fixed-Block Architecture.
A group of extents. See also extent.
FC:
Extent Space-Efficient:
See feature code.
A thin-provisioning method in which capacity is
Note: FC is a common abbreviation for Fibre
allocated in a performance efficient manner on
Channel in the industry, but the DS8000
a per extent basis in pool or ESE repository if
customer documentation library reserves FC for
one is created on an as-needed basis.
feature code.
Extent Space Efficient (ESE) volumes:
FC:
Are the actual thin provisioned volumes that
See Fibre Channel.
can be used by host applications.The dynamic
allocation increments for ESE logical volumes FC-AL:
is based on the same existing 1 GB extents See Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop.
used for standard volumes.
FCP:
F See Fibre Channel Protocol.
FCS:
Fabric:
See Fibre Channel standard.
In Fibre Channel technology, a routing
structure, such as a switch, receives addressed Feature Code (FC):
information and routes to the appropriate A code that identifies a particular orderable
destination. A fabric can consist of more than option and that is used by service personnel to
one switch. When multiple Fibre Channel process hardware and software orders.
switches are interconnected, they are said to be Individual optional features are each identified
cascaded. by a unique feature code.
Failback: Fibre Channel (FC):
Pertaining to a cluster recovery from failover A data-transmission architecture based on the
following repair. See also failover. ANSI Fibre Channel standard, which supports
full-duplex communication. DS8000 series
Failover:
supports data transmission over fiber-optic
Pertaining to the process of transferring all
cable through its Fibre Channel adapters. See
control to a single cluster when the other cluster

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 Glossary

also Fibre Channel Protocol and Fibre Channel hosts that run LINUX on a Fibre Channel
standard. Protocol z/OS channel.
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL): FICON:
An implementation of the Fibre Channel See Fibre Channel CONnection.
Standard that uses a ring topology for the
FiconNet:
communication fabric. Refer to American
In the DS8000 Storage Management GUI, the
National Standards Institute (ANSI)
label on a pseudo host icon that represents a
X3T11/93-275. In this topology, two or more
host connection that uses the FICON protocol
Fibre Channel end points are interconnected
and that is not completely defined on DS8000
through a looped interface. This topology
series. See also pseudo host and access-any
directly connects the storage system to an open
mode.
systems host without going through a fabric
switch. Field Replaceable Unit (FRU):
Fibre Channel Connection (FICON): An assembly that is replaced in its entirety
when any one of its components fails. In some
A Fibre Channel communications protocol that
cases, a field replaceable unit might contain
is designed for IBM mainframe computers and
other field replaceable units.
peripherals. It connects the storage system to
one or more IBM Z hosts using a FICON z/OS File Transfer Protocol (FTP):
channel either directly or through a FICON In TCP/IP, an application protocol used to
switch. transfer files to and from host computers. See
Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP): also Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol.
A protocol used in Fibre Channel
communications with five layers that define how Firewall:
Fibre Channel ports interact through their A protection against unauthorized connection to
physical links to communicate with other ports. a computer or a data storage system. The
FCP (Fibre Channel Protocol) supports access protection is usually in the form of software on a
to Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) gateway server that grants access to users who
peripheral devices. meet authorization criteria.
Fibre Channel Standard (FCS): Fixed Block Architecture:
An ANSI standard for a computer peripheral An architecture for logical devices that specifies
interface. The I/O interface defines a protocol the format of and access mechanisms for the
for communication over a serial interface that logical data units on the device. The logical
configures attached units to a communication data unit is a block. All blocks on the device are
fabric. The protocol has two layers. The IP layer the same size (fixed size). The subsystem can
defines basic interconnection protocols. The access them independently.
upper layer supports one or more logical
protocols (for example, FCP for SCSI command
protocols and SBCON for IBM Z command Flag parameter:
protocols). Refer to American National An integer flag that indicates whether the match
Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.230-199x. needs to be performed on the supplied project
Fibre Channel Switched Fabric (FC-SF): name or number.
An implementation of the Fibre Channel Flash cards:
Standard that connects the storage system to Are high2-IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per
one or more open systems hosts through a Second) class enterprise storage devices that
fabric switch or connects one or more z/OS are targeted at Tier 0, I/O-intensive workload

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2019 X-24

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 Glossary

applications that can use a high level of microcode takes this idea one step further. It
fast-access storage. might choose to allow the hot spare to remain
where it has been moved, but it can instead
FlashCopy:
choose to migrate the spare to a more optimum
FlashCopy is an IBM feature supported on
position. This will be done to better balance the
various IBM storage devices that made it
spares across the DA pairs, the loops, and the
possible to create, nearly instantaneously,
disk enclosures.
point-in-time snapshot copies of entire logical
volumes or data sets. The copies are FMID:
immediately available for both read and write See Function Modification Identifier.
access.
Frame:
FlashCopy relationship:
The hardware support structure, covers, and all
A mapping of a FlashCopy source volume and electrical parts mounted therein that are
a FlashCopy target volume that allows a packaged as one entity for shipping.
point-in-time copy of the source volume to be
copied to the target volume. FlashCopy FREE command (In UNIX):
relationships exist from the time that you initiate Use the FREE command to release (deallocate)
a FlashCopy operation until the storage system previously allocated data sets or Hierarchical
copies all data from the source volume to the File System (HFS) files that you no longer
target volume or until you delete the FlashCopy need. You can also use this command to
relationship, if it is persistent. change the output class of SYSOUT data sets
to delete attribute lists, and to change the data
FlashCopy SE:
set disposition specified with the ALLOCATE
An optional feature of DS8880 series that command. There is a maximum number of data
allocates storage space on an ‘as-needed’ sets that can be allocated to you at any one
basis and uses only the required number of time.
tracks to write changed data during the lifetime
of the FlashCopy relationship. FRU:
See Field Replaceable Unit.
Flash Raid Adapter:
An adapter that manages external I/O FSP:
interfaces that use Fibre Channel protocols for See Flexible Service Processor.
host-system attachment. It is also used for FTP:
replicating data between storage systems.
See File Transfer Protocol.
Flexible Service Processor (FSP):
Full duplex:
Firmware that provides diagnostics,
See duplex.
initialization, configuration, run-time error
detection, and correction. FSP is what connects Full Disk Encryption (FDE):
the managed system to the Hardware Is the encryption of all data on a disk drive,
Management Console (HMC). including the program that encrypts the
bootable operating system partition. It is
Floating spare:
performed by disk encryption software or
When a DDM fails and the data it contained is
hardware that is installed on the drive during
rebuilt onto a spare, then when the disk is
manufacturing or from an additional software
replaced, the replacement disk becomes the
driver. FDE converts all device data into a form
spare. The data is not migrated to another
that can be only understood by the one who
DDM, such as the DDM in the original position
has the key to decrypt the encrypted data. An
the failed DDM occupied. The DS8000
authentication key is used to reverse

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 Glossary

conversion and render the data readable. FDE A base-10 unit of measurement equal to
prevents unauthorized drive and data access. 1,000,000,000 bytes (10^9). A decimal gigabyte
(GB) is used as a measure of capacity. A binary
Fully provisioned:
gigabyte (or gibibyte [GiB]) is used as a
The volume capacity is entirely allocated at the
measure of memory.
time the volume is created. In this case, the
host to which the fully provisioned volume is Gibibyte (GiB):
attached owns the full capacity, therefore A base-2 unit of measurement equal to
consuming unused storage in the back-end 1,073,741,824 bytes (2^30).
system. Note: A GiB is used as a measure of memory
and is also known as a binary gigabyte.
Function Modification Identifier (FMID):
Gigapack:
An identifier that is used to identify a separate
Connects to the drive adapter (in DS8000)
product or function of a product.
through Fibre Channel protocol and converts to
Fuzzy copy: SAS protocol through the control card switch in
A function of the Global Copy feature wherein the RAID adapter.
modifications to the primary logical volume are
Global Copy:
performed on the secondary logical volume at a
An optional capability of the DS8000 remote
later time. The original order of update is not
mirror and copy feature that maintains a fuzzy
strictly maintained. See also Global Copy.
copy of a logical volume on the same DS8000
G storage system or on another DS8000 storage
system. In other words, all modifications that
GB: any attached host performs on the primary
See gigabyte. logical volume are also performed on the
secondary logical volume at a later point in
GiB: time. The original order of update is not strictly
See gibibyte. maintained. See also Remote Mirror and Copy
GDPS: and Metro Mirror.
See Geographically Dispersed Parallel Global Mirror:
Sysplex. An optional capability of the remote mirror and
Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex copy feature that provides a 2-site extended
(GDPS): distance remote copy. Data that is written by
the host to the storage system at the local site
Is a multi-site or single-site end to end
is automatically maintained at the remote site.
application availability solution that provides the
See also Metro Mirror and Remote Mirror and
capability to manage remote copy configuration
Copy.
and storage subsystems (including IBM
TotalStorage Enterprise Storage Server) to Global Network Block Device (GNBD):
automate Parallel Sysplex operation tasks and Is the basis for GFS (the Global file system).
perform failure recovery from a single point of
Global Resource Serialization (GRS):
control. GDPS helps automate recovery
procedures for planned and unplanned outages Is the component within the IBM z/OS operating
to provide near-continuous availability and system responsible for enabling fair access to
disaster recovery capability. serially reusable computing resources, such as
datasets and tape drives or virtual resources,
Gigabyte (GB):
such as lists, queues, and control blocks.
Group:

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 Glossary

In DS8000 documentation, a nickname for two Hardware Configuration Definition (HCD):

different kinds of groups, depending on the
Defines the I/O configurations to both the
context. See also disk pack or Copy Services
software and hardware from a single,
server group.
interactive interface. HCD is used to create an
GRUB: Input/Output Definition File (IODF).
GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Hardware Management Console (HMC):
Bootloader) is a boot loader package from the
A system that controls managed systems,
GNU Project. GRUB is the reference
including the management of logical partitions
implementation of the Free Software
and use of capacity Upgrade on Demand.
Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which
Using service applications, the HMC
provides a user the choice to boot one of
communicates with managed systems to detect
multiple operating systems installed on a
and consolidate information, which is then sent
computer or select a specific kernel
to IBM for analysis.
configuration available on a particular operating
system's partitions. Hardware service manager:
An option on a IBM i host that enables the user
Guests (VM):
to display and work with system hardware
A guest virtual machine (guest VM) is the
resources and to debug input-output
software component of a virtual machine (VM),
processors (IOP), input-output adapters (IOA),
an independent instance of an operating
and devices.
system (called a guest operating system) and
its associated software and information. A VM HCD:
guest can be a Linux, z/OS, z/VSE, or another See Hardware Configuration Definition.
z/VM operating system.
hdisk:
GUI (graphical user interface): An AIX term for storage space.
A way of communicating with a computer by
Heartbeat:
manipulating icons (pictures) and windows with
a mouse. A device that makes a program more A status report sent at regular intervals from the
user friendly. DS8000 storage system. The service provider
uses this report to monitor the health of the call
H home process. See also call home, and remote
technical assistance information network.
HACMP:
HELP command (In UNIX):
See High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing.
Use the HELP command to obtain information
Hard disk drive: about the function, syntax, and operands of
1) A storage medium within a storage server commands and subcommands, as well as
used to maintain information that the storage information about certain messages.
server requires.
Hierarchical storage management:
2) A mass storage medium for computers that
A function in storage management software,
is typically available as a fixed disk (such as the
such as IBM Spectrum Control or Data Facility
disks used in system units of personal
Storage Management Subsystem/MVS
computers or in drives that are external to a
(DFSMS/MVS), that automatically manages
personal computer) or a removable cartridge.
free space based on the policy that the storage
Hardware: administrator sets.
Is the collection of physical parts of a computer
Hierarchical File System (HFS):
system.

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 Glossary

HFS is a proprietary file system developed by Host name:

Apple Inc. for use in computer systems running The Internet address of a machine in the
Mac OS. network. The host name can be entered in the
High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing host definition as the fully qualified domain
(HACMP): name of the attached host system, such as
mycomputer.city.company.com, or as the
Is an older term for PowerHA (High Availability).
subname of the fully qualified domain name, for
PowerHA is a special piece of software, which
example, mycomputer. See also host system.
can provide redundancy and high availability to
meet the needs in case of a system failure by Host processor:
having another system immediately take over. A processor that controls all or part of a user
High Performance FICON for IBM Z (zHPF): application network. In a network, the
processing unit in which the data
Is an enhancement of the FICON channel
communication access method resides. See
architecture. You can reduce the FICON
also host system.
channel I/O traffic impact by using zHPF with
the FICON channel, the z/OS operating system, Host system:
and the control unit. zHPF allows the control A computer, either of the mainframe (for
unit to stream the data for multiple commands example, IBM Z) or of the open-systems type,
back in a single data transfer section for I/Os that is connected to DS8000 series. Hosts are
that are initiated by various access methods, connected through ESCON, FICON, or Fibre
which improves the channel throughput on Channel interfaces.
small block transfers.
HMC:
High-Performance Flash Enclosure (HPFE): See Hardware Management Console.
Contains flash cards, which are
HTTP:
PCIe-connected to the I/O enclosures.
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
Hipersocket:
Huffman Coding:
Mainframe HiperSockets is a technology that
is a lossless data compression algorithm. The
provides high-speed TCP/IP connectivity within
idea is to assign variable-length codes to input
a central processor complex. It eliminates the
characters, lengths of the assigned codes are
need for any physical cabling or external
based on the frequencies of corresponding
networking connection between servers
characters.
running in different LPARs.
HyperPAV:
Hop:
An optional licensed function that you can use
Interswitch connection. A hop count is the
in conjunction with the Parallel Access Volumes
number of connections that a particular block of
(PAV) function. IBM HyperPAV associates the
data traverses between source and destination.
volumes with either an alias address or a
For example, data traveling from one hub over
specified base logical volume number. When a
a wire to another hub traverses one hop.
host system requests IBM HyperPAV
Host: processing and the processing is enabled,
See host system. aliases on the logical subsystem are placed in
an IBM HyperPAV alias access state on all
Host Adapter (HA):
logical paths with a given path group ID. IBM
A physical subunit of a storage server that
HyperPAV is only supported on FICON channel
provides the ability to attach to one or more
paths.
host I/O interfaces.
HyperSwap:

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
 Glossary

The HyperSwap technology enables the host to The brand name used to identify storage
transparently switch an application's I/O products from IBM, including DS8000 series.
operations to the secondary Metro Mirror See also DS8000 and DS Storage Manager.
volumes, provided physical connectivity exists
IBM DS8000:
between the host and the secondary storage
A member of the IBM Resiliency Family of
subsystem. This affords the ability to provide
storage servers and attached storage devices
continuous operations from a single site or from
(drive modules). The DS8000 series storage
multiple locations within metro distances. By
product delivers high-performance,
implementing HyperSwap, disk failures and
fault-tolerant storage and management of
maintenance functions can be endured without
enterprise data, affording access through
incurring any interruption to the application
multiple concurrent operating systems and
service.
communication protocols. High performance is
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): provided by multiple symmetrical
Is an application protocol for distributed, multiprocessors, integrated caching, RAID
collaborative, and hypermedia information support for the drive modules, and disk access
systems. HTTP is the foundation of data through a high-speed serial storage
communication for the World Wide Web. architecture interface.
Hypervisor: IBM DS8880 Series (DS8884, DS8886,
Is a piece of computer software, firmware, or DS8888):
hardware that creates and runs virtual New IBM DS8880 family of data systems
machines. A computer on which a hypervisor architected and built for the cognitive business.
runs one or more virtual machines is called a IBM DS8884: Business class system. Enables
host machine, and each virtual machine is organizations to overcome storage challenges
with advanced, easy-to-use operations and
called a guest machine. The hypervisor
24x7 availability for running critical workloads,
presents the guest operating systems with a
either as a dedicated platform for consolidated
virtual operating platform and manages the systems or for multiple platforms. Delivered
execution of the guest operating systems. within an affordable, flexible, and space-saving
package. Up to 256 GB cache, 64 x 16 GB
I Fibre Channel/FICON ports and up to 768
HDD/SSD drives, plus 120 flash cards.
IaaS: IBM DS8886: Enterprise class system. Helps
See Infrastructure as a Service. accelerate mission-critical applications, backed
by 24x7 availability, and superior functionality,
IBF:
all provided in an easily scalable package. Up
See Internal Battery Feature. to 2 TB total system memory, 128 x 16 GB
Fibre Channel/FICON ports and up to 1,536
IBM i: HDD/SSD drives, plus 240 flash cards.
The IBM licensed program that is the integrated IBM DS8888: Enterprise class system. Delivers
operating system for Power Systems servers. It mission-critical performance and lower latency
integrates such functions as relational for applications with up to 4.5 times better
database, security, web services, networking, performance through an all-flash configuration.
and storage management capabilities. The Up to 2 TB total system memory, 128 x 16 GB
predecessor to IBM i was i5/OS, which was Fibre Channel/FICON ports and up to 480 flash
preceded by Operating System/400 (OS/400). cards.

IBM (International Businesses Machine): IBM DS CLI:

The Command-Line Interface (CLI) that works
with DS8000 storage subsystems.

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
 Glossary

IBM DS Storage Manager (DS8000 Storage workstation called the IBM TotalStorage ESS
Management GUI): Master Console, supplied with the first ESS
Software with a web-browser interface for delivery.
configuring DS8000 series. IBM Z:
IBM MQ: The IBM family of products, which emphasizes
near-zero downtime and includes System z10
IBM MQ is a family of network software
and System z10s.
products that IBM launched for the first time as
an IBM product in December 1993. It was ICKDSF (Device Support Facility):
originally called MQSeries, and was renamed The z/OS ICKDSF utility performs functions
WebSphere MQ in 2002 to join the suite of needed for the installation, use, and
WebSphere products. In April 2014, it was maintenance of IBM direct-access storage
renamed IBM MQ. The products that are devices (DASD). Also used to perform service
included in the MQ family are IBM MQ, IBM MQ functions, error detection, and media
Advanced, IBM MQ Appliance, and IBM MQ for maintenance. The ICKDSF utility is used
z/OS. primarily to initialize disk volumes. At a
IBM Multipath Subsystem Device Driver minimum, this process involves creating the
(SDD): disk label record and the volume table of
contents (VTOC). ICKDSF also can scan a
IBM software that provides multipath volume to ensure that it is usable, can reformat
configuration support for a host system that is all the tracks, can write home addresses, as
attached to storage devices. SDD provides well as other functions.
enhanced data availability, dynamic
input/output load balancing across multiple ICF:
paths, and automatic path failover protection. See Internal Coupling Facility.
IBM POWER8 Processor: ICON:
POWER8 is a family of superscalar symmetric A picture representing something that exists on
multiprocessors based on the Power the computer.
Architecture.
Systems based on POWER8 became available IEBCOMPR:
from IBM in June 2014. IEBCOMPR is a z/OS data set utility that is
IBM Resiliency Family: used to compare two sequential data sets, two
A set of hardware and software features and partitioned data sets, or two Partitioned Data
products, as well as integrated software and Sets Extended (PDSE) at the logical record
services that are available on the DS8000 level to verify a backup copy.
series and the IBM TotalStorage Enterprise IEBCOPY:
Storage Server, Models 750 and 800.
IEBCOPY is a z/OS data set utility that is used
IBM Spectrum Control: to copy or merge members between one or
An interface that allows administrators to more partitioned data sets, or Partitioned Data
configure, manage, and monitor the Sets Extended (PDSE), in full or in part.
performance of SAN storage devices from a
IEBDG:
single console.
IEBDG is a z/OS data set utility that is used to
IBM Enterprise Storage Server Network
provide a pattern of test data to be used as a
(ESSNet)
programming debugging aid.
A private network providing web browser
access to the Enterprise Storage Server. IBM IEBGENER:
installs the ESSNet software on an IBM

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 Glossary

The IEBGENER utility is a z/OS copy program IFHSTATR is a system utility that formats and
that is part of the operating system. It is used to prints information from Type 21 SMF (system
copy a sequential data set, a member of a management facilities) records. These records
Partitioned Data Set (PDS), or PDSE. provide error statistics by volume (ESV) data.
IEBIMAGE: image:
IEBIMAGE is a z/OS data set utility that creates See storage image.
and maintains specific printer type modules and
IML:
stores them in a library.
See Initial Microcode Load.
IEBPTPCH:
Information Management System (IMS):
IEBPTPCH is used to print or punch all, or
Is a database and transaction management
selected portions of a sequential data set or
system.
PDSE.
Information Management System
IEBUPTE:
transaction manager (IMS TM):
IEBUPTE is used to create or modify sequential
Is a message-based transaction processor.
or partitioned data sets, or PDSE.
Information Technology (IT):
IEFBR14:
IEFBR14 is a dummy program, normally Is the use of computers to store, retrieve,
inserted in JCL when the only desired action is transmit, and manipulate data, or information,
allocation or deletion of data sets. often in the context of a business or other
enterprise.
IEHINITT:
EHINITT is a z/OS system utility used to place Integrated Coupling Facility (ICF):
standard volume label sets onto any number of These processors run only Licensed Internal
magnetic tapes mounted on one or more tape Code. They are not visible to normal operating
units. systems or applications. A coupling facility is, in
IEHLIST: effect, a large memory scratch pad used by
multiple systems to coordinate work. ICFs must
IEHLIST is a z/OS system utility used to list
be assigned to LPARs that then become
entries in the directory of one or more
coupling facilities.
partitioned data sets or PDSEs, or entries in an
indexed or non-indexed volume table of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
contents. Any number of listings can be Is a form of cloud computing that provides
requested in a single execution of the program. virtualized computing resources over the
IEHMOVE: Internet. IaaS is one of three main categories of
cloud computing services, alongside Software
IEHMOVE is a z/OS system utility used to move
as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service
or copy logical collections of operating system
(PaaS).
data.
Initial Microcode Load (IML):
IEHPROGM:
The action of loading microcode for a computer
IEHPROGM is a z/OS system utility that is used
into that computer's storage.
to modify system control data and to maintain
data sets at an organizational level. Initial Program Load (IPL):
The action of loading software into a computer,
IFL:
typically an operating system that controls the
See Integrated Facility for Linux. computer.
IFHSTATR: Initiator:

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 Glossary

A SCSI device that communicates with and Are procedures whose JCL statements are
controls one or more targets. Contrast with placed within the job executing them. The
target. beginning of an in-stream procedure must be
marked by a PROC statement, its ending by a
Inode:
PEND statement. In-stream procedures must
An inode is a data structure on a filesystem on
be defined before they can be used, meaning
Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems
the procedure definition must precede its
that stores all the information about a file except
invocation.
its name and its actual data. A data structure is
a way of storing data so that it can be used Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL):
efficiently. This is a normal processor with one or two
Input/Output (I/O): instructions disabled that are used only by
Pertaining to (a) input, output, or both or (b) a z/OS. Linux does not use these instructions and
device, process, or channel involved in data can be executed by an IFL. Linux can be
input, data output, or both. executed by a CP as well. The difference is that
an IFL is not counted when specifying the
I/O Adapter: model number of the system. This can make a
A generic term for an electronic circuit, substantial difference in software costs.
expansion card, or plug-in module that accepts
Intelligent Resource Director:
input and generates output in a particular
format. The ‘adapter’ part of the term means Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) is software
that a conversion of the data format and that automates the management of CPU
electronic timing takes place between the resources and certain I/O resources.
input/output streams and the internal computer
Intelligent Write Caching (IWC):
circuits.
Improves performance through better write
Input/Output Configuration Data Set cache management and a better destaging of
(IOCDS): order of writes.
A configuration definition built by the I/O
Interactive mode:
Configuration Program (IOCP) and stored on
The interactive command mode provides a
disk files associated with the processor
history function that makes repeating or
controller.
checking prior command usage easy to do. Log
Input/Output Definition File (IODF): on to the DS CLI application at the directory
Created by HCD (Hardware Configuration where it is installed, and begin using the DS CLI
Definition) and contains information about the commands and parameters.
I/O configuration, such as: Operating system
Interactive System Productivity Facility
data, Switch data, Device data, including EDT
(ISPF):
definition, Processor data, Partition data,
Is a software product for the z/OS operating
Channel path data, Control unit data, and
system that runs on IBM mainframes. ISPF
Channel subsystem data.
primarily provides an IBM 3270 terminal
I/O enclosure: interface with a set of panels. Each panel may
The I/O enclosures hold the adapters and include menus and dialogs to run tools on the
provide connectivity between the adapters and underlying Time Sharing Option (TSO). ISPF is
the processors. Both device adapters and host frequently used to manipulate z/OS data sets
adapters are installed in the I/O enclosure. from its Program Development Facility named
ISPF/PDF, where PDF refers to Program
In-stream procedure:
Development Facility.

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 Glossary

Interface cards: Invalidate:

Provide the connection between storage To remove a logical data unit from cache
devices and the internal processors and memory because it cannot support continued
memory. access to the logical data unit on the device.
This removal might be the result of a failure
Interleave:
within the storage server or a storage device
To automatically create two striped partitions
that is associated with the device.
across the drives in a RAID-5 array, both of
which use the Count-Key-Data (CKD) record I/O:
format. See Input/Output.
Internal Battery Feature (IBF): I/O Adapter (IOA):
The Internal Battery Feature (IBF) is an optional An input-output adapter on the PCI bus.
feature on many of the IBM Z family IOCDS:
processors. The IBF provides a local See Input/Output Configuration Data Set.
uninterrupted power source and further
enhances the robustness of the power design IOCP (I/O Configuration Program):
present in the mainframe and increases a A program that defines to a system all the
mainframe’s immunity to power line available I/O devices and channel paths.
disturbance. It provides battery backup power I/O interface:
to preserve processor data during a loss of
An interface that enables a host to perform read
power on all power feeds from the computer
and write operations with its associated
room. The IBF can hold power briefly during a
peripheral devices.
brownout, or for orderly shutdown if there is a
longer outage. The IBF will not be available on Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS):
the IBM z14 Model ZR1 which introduces Is the standard unit of measurement for the
customers to another consideration when maximum number of reads and writes to
planning a new build or upgrade to this non-contiguous storage locations.
machine.
I/O ports:
Internal Coupling Facility: It allows the software drivers to communicate
with hardware devices on a computer.
Provides a cost effective means for getting
started in DB2 data sharing. Additionally, if the I/O Priority Manager (IOPM):
ICFs are configured with internal links, there Constantly monitors and balances system
can be a performance benefit over external resources to help applications meet their
coupling facilities. performance targets automatically, without
Internet Protocol (IP): operator intervention. Allows increased priority
for Critical I/O. The IO Priority manager extends
In the Internet suite of protocols, a protocol
the IBM Z System WorkLoad Manager
without connections that routes data through a
functionality to include storage. With this
network or interconnecting networks and acts
feature, the system administrator can use
as an intermediary between the higher protocol
zWLM to manage all computing resources.
layers and the physical network. The upper
layer supports one or more logical protocols (for I/O priority queuing:
example, a SCSI-command protocol and IBM Z Allows the DS8000 series to use I/O priority
command protocol). Refer to ANSI information provided by the z/OS Workload
X3.230-199x. The IP acronym is the IP in Manager to manage the processing sequence
TCP/IP. See also Transmission Control of I/O operations.
Protocol/Internet Protocol.

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 Glossary

IOPS: Centralized control over processing through a

single global JES3 processor, which does job
See Input/Output Operations Per Second.
selection, scheduling, and device allocation on
IP: the other JES3 systems.
See Internet Protocol. JVM:
IPL: See Java Virtual Machine.
See Initial Program Load.
K
IRD:
See Intelligent Resource Director. KB:
See kilobyte.
ISPF Shell (ISHELL):
The ISHELL command invokes the ISPF panel Kernel:
interface to z/OS UNIX System Services. The kernel is the central module of an operating
ISHELL is a good starting point for users system. It is the part of the operating system
familiar with TSO and ISPF who want to use that loads first, and it remains in main memory.
z/OS UNIX. Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM):
IT: Is a virtualization infrastructure for the Linux
kernel that turns it into a hypervisor. It was
See Information Technology.
merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel
IWC: version 2.6.20, which was released on
See Intelligent Write Caching. February 5, 2007. KVM requires a processor
with hardware virtualization extensions.
J See kilobyte.
Java: Key field:
Is a general-purpose computer programming The second (optional) field of a count key data
language that is concurrent, class-based, record. The key length is specified in the count
object-oriented, and specifically designed to field. The key length determines the field
have as few implementation dependencies as length. The program writes the data in the key
possible. field and uses the key field to identify or locate a
Java Virtual Machine (JVM): given record. The subsystem does not use the
A software implementation of a processor that key field.
runs compiled Java code (applets and Keyword operand (In UNIX):
applications). Keyword operands are specific names or
Job Control Language (JCL): symbols that are recognized by the system.
JCL is the language used by a batch job to Therefore, keyword operands can be entered in
request resources and services from the any order following the positional operands. In
operating system. the upcoming command descriptions, keyword
operands are shown in uppercase characters.
Job Entry System (JES): You can specify values with some keyword
In the z/OS operating system, JES manages operands. Enclose the values in parentheses
the input and output job queues and data. following the operand.
Each JES2 processor controls its own job input,
Kilobyte (KB):
job scheduling, and job output processing.

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 Glossary

1) For processor storage, real, and virtual Is an open source API, daemon, and
storage, and channel volume, 210 or 1024 management tool for managing platform
bytes. virtualization. It can be used to manage KVM,
2) For disk storage capacity and Xen, VMware ESX, QEMU, and other
communications volume, 1000 bytes. virtualization technologies. These APIs are
widely used in the orchestration layer of
Korn shell:
hypervisors in the development of a
Interactive command interpreter and a
cloud-based solution.
command programming language.
LIC:
L See License Internal Code.

Large Form Factor (LFF): LICCC:

3.5-inch hard disk drives (HDDs). The See Licensed Internal Code Configuration
measurement represent the approximate Control.
diameter of the platter within the drive
License key:
enclosures.
Is a data string that verifies authorized software
Large Volume Support (LVS): product access. This type of software security
Expands the CKD (Count Key Data) volumes to helps prevent software piracy and gives
65,520 cylinders using the existing 16-bit organizations the ability to protect their software
cylinder addressing. from unauthorized copying or sharing by
LAN: unlicensed users.
See Local Area Network. License Internal Code (LIC):
LBA: Software that enables the hardware on a
See Logical Block Address. server. It is controlled by the System Flexible
Service Processor (FSP). It initializes the
LCU: hardware so that a system boots up and
See Logical Control Unit. operates correctly and provides the interface for
LDAP: the operating system to interact with the
hardware.
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
Licensed Internal Code Configuration
Least Recently Used (LRU):
Control (LICCC):
The LRU caching scheme is to remove the
least recently used frame when the cache is full Provides for server upgrades without hardware
and a new page is referenced which is not there changes by activation of additional (previously
in cache. installed) unused capacity.

LED: Licensed Machine Code (LMC):

See Light-Emitting Diode. Microcode that IBM does not sell as part of a
machine, but licenses to the customer. LMC is
Legacy view: implemented in a part of storage that is not
A hardware or software view that has been addressable by user programs. Some IBM
superseded. products use it to implement functions as an
LFF: alternate to hard-wired circuitry.
See Large Form Factor. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Libvirt: (LDAP):

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 Glossary

Defines a standard method to access and Use the LISTDS command to have the
update information in a directory. attributes of specific data sets displayed at your
terminal. The LISTDS command works
Light-Emitting Diode (LED):
differently for VSAM than for non-VSAM data
A semiconductor chip that displays visible or
sets. A VSAM data set causes the LISTDS
infrared light when activated.
command to display only the data set
Link address: organization, which is VSAM. Use the LISTCAT
On an ESCON interface, the portion of a source command to obtain more information about a
or destination address in a frame that ESCON VSAM data set.
uses to route a frame through an ESCON Local Area Network (LAN):
director. ESCON associates the link address
A computer network located on a user's
with a specific switch port that is on the ESCON
premises within a limited geographic area.
director. Equivalently, it associates the link
address with the channel subsystem or control Log Structured File System (LFS):
unit link-level functions that are attached to the LFS is a file system in which data and metadata
switch port. are written sequentially to a circular buffer,
called a log.
Link-level facility:
The ESCON hardware and logical functions of Logical Block Address (LBA):
a control unit or channel subsystem that allow The address assigned by DS8000 series to a
communication over an ESCON write interface sector of a disk.
and an ESCON read interface.
Logical Control Unit (LCU):
Linux: An LCU is equivalent to a Logical SubSystem
Is system software that manages computer (LSS). Like an LSS, an LCU can have a
hardware and software resources and provides maximum of 256 logical devices or volumes.
common services for computer programs.
Logical device:
LinuxONE: The facilities of a storage server (such as
Built on IBM Z technology and designed for DS8000 series) associated with the processing
Linux-only environments. The LinuxONE of I/O operations directed to a single
Emperor, which is built on the IBM z13 host-accessible emulated I/O device. The
mainframe and its z13 CPU, and its little associated storage is referred to as a logical
brother, Rockhopper, which uses the older z12 volume. The logical device is mapped to one or
processor. more host-addressable units, such as a device
on IBM Z I/O interface or a logical unit on a
LISTALC command (In UNIX):
SCSI I/O interface, such that the host initiating
Use the LISTALC command to obtain a list of
I/O operations to the I/O-addressable unit
the currently allocated data sets. LISTALC
interacts with the storage on the associated
without operands displays a list of all currently
logical device.
allocated data set names.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LISTCAT command (In UNIX):
(LPAP):
Use the LISTCAT command to list entries from
Is a protocol, which makes directory information
a catalog. The entries listed can be selected by
available.
name or entry type, and the fields to be listed
for each entry can additionally be selected. Logical Partition (LPAR):
For IBM Z, a set of functions that create the
LISTDS command (In UNIX):
programming environment in which more than
one Logical PARtition (LPAR) is established on

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 Glossary

a processor. An LPAR is conceptually like a In open systems, a logical disk drive.

virtual machine environment except that the
Logical Unit Number (LUN):
LPAR is a function of the processor. Also, the
In the SCSI protocol, a unique number that is
LPAR does not depend on an operating system
used on a SCSI bus to enable it to differentiate
to create the virtual machine environment.
between separate devices, each of which is a
(DS8000 series only).
logical unit. The logical unit number reported to
Logical path: the host by the storage system. The host uses
1) The relationship between a channel image the LUN to identify the volume for SCSI
and a control-unit image that designates the commands.
physical path to be used for device-level
Logical volume:
communications between these images. The
The storage medium that is associated with a
logical path is established as part of the
logical disk drive. A logical volume typically
channel and control-unit initialization
resides on one or more storage devices. The
procedures by the exchange of link-level
DS8000 administrator defines this unit of
frames.
storage. The logical volume, when residing on a
2) With the Remote Mirror and Copy feature,
RAID-formatted array, is spread over the drives
the relationship between a source logical
in the array.
subsystem (LSS) and a target LSS that is
created over a physical path through the Logical Volume Manager (LVM):
interconnection fabric that is used for Remote A set of system commands, library routines,
Mirror and Copy functions. An LSS is a primary and other tools that allow the user to establish
control unit, which performs the functions of a and control logical volume storage. The LVM
channel image. maps data between the logical view of storage
Logical Subsystem (LSS): space and the physical drive module.
A topological construct that consists of a group Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC):
of up to 256 logical devices. A DS8000 storage 1) A method of error checking during data
system can have (if CDK only) up to 32 transfer that involves checking parity on a row
CKD-formatted logical subsystems (8192 CKD of binary digits that are members of a set that
logical devices) or (if FBA only) up to 32 forms a matrix. Longitudinal redundancy check
fixed-block logical subsystems (8192 is also called a longitudinal parity check.
fixed-block logical devices). If mixed CKD and 2) A mechanism that DS8000 series uses for
FBA, DS8000 series can have up to 16 locating errors. The LRC checks the data as it
CKD-formatted logical subsystems (4096 CKD progresses from the host, through theDS8000
logical devices) and up to 16 fixed-block logical controller, into the device adapter, and to the
subsystems (4096 fixed-block logical devices). array.
The logical subsystem facilitates configuration
Longwave cable:
of DS8000 series and might have other
implications relative to the operation of certain Longwave laser has a wavelength of about
functions. There is a one-to-one mapping 1300nm. Used for distances up to 10K between
between a CKD logical subsystem and IBM Z Fibre Channel switches and bridges.
control-unit image. Loop:
For IBM Z hosts, a logical subsystem The physical connection between a pair of
represents a Logical Control Unit (LCU). Each device adapters in the DS8000 storage system.
control-unit image is associated with only one See also device adapter.
logical subsystem. See also control-unit image.
LPAR:
Logical unit:
See Logical PARtition.

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 Glossary

LSS: 2) The MIB record conforms to the Open

See Logical SubSystem. Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard
defined by the International Organization for
LUN:
Standardization (ISO) for the exchange of
See Logical Unit Number. information. See also simple network
LVM: management protocol.
See Logical Volume Manager. Master storage system:
LXC (Linux Containers): The physical unit that controls the creation of
Is an operating-system-level virtualization consistency groups in a Global Mirror session.
method for running multiple isolated Linux The master storage system sends commands
systems (containers) on a control host using a to subordinate storage systems. A storage
single Linux kernel. system can be a master for only one Global
Mirror session. Contrast with subordinate
LXD: storage system.
Is a daemon, which provides a REST API to
Maximum consistency group drain time:
drive LXC containers. Its main goal is to provide
a user experience that’s similar to that of virtual The value in seconds that indicates the
machines but using Linux containers rather maximum time that writes from the local site are
than hardware virtualization. delayed to the remote site while the current
consistency group is being formed at the
M remote site. When this time is exceeded, the
current attempt to form a consistency group is
Machine Reported Product Data (MRPD): ended and another attempt is started. If this
Product data gathered by a machine and sent time is exceeded five times, this maximum time
to a destination such as an IBM support server is ignored on the next attempt to form a
or RETAIN. These records might include such consistency group. The default value is the
information as feature code information and larger of four minutes or two times the
product logical configuration information. consistency group interval time if this value is
Machine code: set to zero.
A set of instructions executed directly by a Maximum coordination time:
computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU). The value in milliseconds that indicates the
MacVTap: maximum time that is allowed for host I/O to be
MacVTap is a new device driver meant to delayed during the coordination of the primary
simplify virtualized bridged networking. volumes of an Global Mirror session. The
default is 50 milliseconds if this value is set to
Mainframe:
zero.
A computer, usually in a computer center, with
extensive capabilities and resources to which MB:
other computers may be connected so that they See megabyte.
can share facilities. (T)
MC:
Management console: See Hardware Management Console.
See Hardware Management Console.
MCM:
Management Information Base (MIB):
See Multi-Chip Module:
1) A collection of objects that can be accessed
by means of a network management protocol. MCU:
See Multicylinder Unit.

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 Glossary

Medium: storage server or on another storage server. All

For a storage system, the disk surface on which modifications that any attached host initiates on
data is stored. the primary logical volume are also processed
on the secondary logical volume. See also
Megabyte (MB):
Remote Mirror and Copy and Global Copy.
1) For processor storage, real and virtual
storage, and channel volume, 220 or 1 048 576 MIB:
bytes. See Management Information Base.
2) For disk storage capacity and Microcode:
communications volume, 1 000 000 bytes.
A technique that imposes an interpreter
Memory: between the hardware and the architectural
Also called storage, is a technology consisting level of a computer. As such, the microcode is a
of computer components and recording media layer of hardware-level instructions that
used to retain digital data. It is a core function implement higher-level machine code
and fundamental component of computers. instructions or internal state machine
sequencing in many digital processing
MFT:
elements. Microcode is used in
See Multiprogramming with a fixed number of general-purpose Central Processing Units
tasks. (CPUs), as well as in more specialized
processors. and in other hardware. Microcode
Miscellaneous Equipment Specification
typically resides in special high-speed memory
(MES):
and translates machine instructions, state
Any server hardware change (addition,
machine data, or other input into sequences of
improvement, removal, or any combination of
detailed circuit-level operations. It separates
these). The server's serial number does not
the machine instructions from the underlying
change. Specific types include the following:
electronics so that instructions can be designed
Customer-Installable Feature (CIF) MES or
and altered more freely. It also facilitates the
Install-By-IBM (IBI) MES.
building of complex multi-step instructions,
Metro Global Mirror: while reducing the complexity of computer
A three-site, high availability, disaster recovery circuits.
solution. Metro Global Mirror uses synchronous Microsoft Hyper-V:
replication to mirror data between a local site Code named Viridian and formerly known as
and an intermediate site, and asynchronous Windows Server Virtualization, is a native
replication to mirror data from an intermediate hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on
site to a remote site. A cascaded solution where x86-64 systems running Windows.
Metro Mirror synchronously copies data to the
Migration:
target site. This Metro Mirror target is the
source volume for Global Mirror that The replacement of a system or subsystem with
asynchronously copies data to a third site. This a different type of system or subsystem, such
solution has the potential to provide a disaster as replacing a SCSI host adapter with a Fibre
recovery with no data loss at Global Mirror Channel host adapter. In the context of data
distances when the intermediate site does not migration regarding DS8000 series, the transfer
participate in the disaster that occurs at the of data from one storage system to another,
production site. such as from a 3390 to DS8000 series.

Metro Mirror: MIH:

A function of a storage server that maintains a See Missing-Interrupt Handler.
consistent copy of a logical volume on the same Million Service Units (MSUs):

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 Glossary

Is a measurement of the amount of processing Multiple allegiance:

work a computer can perform in one hour. It A DS8000 hardware function that is
reflects how IBM rates the machine in terms of independent of software support. This function
charging capacity. enables multiple system images to concurrently
Mirrored pair: access the same logical volume on DS8000
series as long as the system images are
Two units that contain the same data. The
accessing different extents. See also extent
system refers to them as one entity.
and parallel access volumes.
Mirroring:
Multiple relationship FlashCopy:
In host systems, the process of writing the
An option of DS8000 series that creates backup
same data to two disk units within the same
copies from one source to multiple targets by
auxiliary storage pool at the same time.
simultaneously establishing multiple FlashCopy
MLAG: relationships.
See Multi-link Aggregation.
Multiplex:
MRPD: The action of transmitting simultaneously.
See Machine Reported Product Data.
Multiprocessor:
MSUs: A computer that includes two or more
See Million Service Units. processors that have common access to a main
storage. For DS8000 series, the
MySQL:
multiprocessors operate in parallel.
Is a freely available open source Relational
Database Management System (RDBMS) that Multiprogramming with a fixed number of
uses Structured Query Language (SQL). tasks (MFT):

Multi-Chip Module (MCM: Each job gets just the amount of memory it
needs. That is, the partitioning of memory
Is an electronic assembly (such as a package
changes as jobs enter and leave. MVT is a
with a number of conductor terminals or "pins")
more efficient user of resources.
where multiple integrated circuits,
semiconductor dies and/or other discrete Multiprogramming variable number of tasks
components are integrated, usually onto a (MVT):
unifying substrate, so that in use it is treated as Is a feature of large computers that allows more
if it were a single component. efficient operation by having multiple programs
Multicylinder Unit (MCU): (tasks) present and operating in the mainframe
This term refers to a fixed unit of disk space that computer simultaneously.
is larger than a cylinder. Currently, on an EAV, a Multiple Virtual Systems (MVS):
multicylinder unit is 21 cylinders and the
Was the most commonly used operating
number of the first cylinder in each multicylinder
system on the System/370 and System/390
unit is a multiple of 21.
IBM mainframe computers.
Multipath Subsystem Device Driver:
See IBM DS8000 Multipath Subsystem Device
Driver. N
Multi-link Aggregation (MLAG):
Enables arrangement of aggregated groups on Name server:
two separate switchboards of the A server that stores names of the participating
MLAG-domain. DS8000 clusters.

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 Glossary

NAS: networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP

See Network Attached Storage. is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current
use.
NBD:
See Network Block Device. Node:
The unit that is connected in a Fibre Channel
Near-line:
network. DS8000 series is a node in a Fibre
A type of intermediate storage between online Channel network.
storage (which provides constant, rapid access
to data) and off-line storage (which provides Non-removable medium:
infrequent data access for backup purposes or A recording medium that cannot be added to or
long-term storage). removed from a storage device.

Network Attached Storage (NAS): NonVolatile Storage (NVS):

Is a file-level computer data storage server Memory that stores active write data to avoid
connected to a computer network providing data loss in the event of a power loss.
data access to a heterogeneous group of NVS:
clients. NAS is specialized for serving files
See NonVolatile Storage.
either by its hardware, software, or
configuration. N+1 redundancy:
Is a form of resilience that ensures system
Network Block Device (NBD):
availability in the event of component failure.
Is a device node whose content is provided by
Components (N) have at least one independent
a remote machine. Typically, network block
backup component (+1).
devices are used to access a storage device
that does not physically reside in the local O
machine but on a remote one.
Octal:
Network File System (NFS):
Octal, from Latin octo or “eight”) is a term that
Is a client/server application that lets a describes a base-8 number system. An octal
computer user view and optionally store and number system consists of eight single-digit
update files on a remote computer as though numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
they were on the user's own computer.
OMVS:
Network Interface Card (NIC): The first implementation was known as MVS
A network interface controller (NIC, also known OpenEdition (or OE, or OMVS), then it became
as a network interface card, network adapter, OS/390 UNIX System Services, and finally
LAN adapter or physical network interface, and z/OS UNIX System Services, as we know it
by similar terms) is a computer hardware today.
component that connects a computer to a
computer network. OMVS command:

Network manager: Is used to invoke the z/OS UNIX shell. Users

whose primary interactive computing
A program or group of programs that is used to
environment is a UNIX system should find the
monitor, manage, and diagnose the problems of
z/OS UNIX shell environment familiar. The
a network.
OMVS command is used to invoke the z/OS
Network Time Protocol (NTP): UNIX shell. The shell is a command processor
Is a networking protocol for clock that invokes shell commands or utilities that
synchronization between computer systems request services from the system, writes shell
over packet-switched, variable-latency data scripts using the shell programming language

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 Glossary

and runs shell scripts and C-language systems are those hosts that connect to
programs interactively (in the foreground), in DS8000 series through SCSI or FCP protocols.
the background, or in batch. See also small computer system interface and
Fibre Channel Protocol.
OnLine Transaction Processing (OLTP): Open System Adapter (OSA):
A class of information systems that facilitate Is the only LAN (Local Area Network)
and manage transaction-oriented applications, attachment to the IBM Systems.
typically for data entry and retrieval transaction
Open vSwitch (OVS):
processing. OLTP has also been used to refer
Open vSwitch is a production quality, multilayer
to processing in which the system responds
virtual switch licensed under the open source
immediately to user requests.
Apache 2.0 license. It is designed to enable
OpenFlow: massive network automation through
Is a protocol that allows a server to tell network programmatic extension, while still supporting
switches where to send packets. In a standard management interfaces and
protocols.
conventional network, each switch has
proprietary software that tells it what to do. With Operating System (OS):
OpenFlow, the packet-moving decisions are Is system software that manages computer
centralized, so that the network can be hardware and software resources and provides
programmed independently of the individual common services for computer programs.
switches and data center gear.
Open Systems / 390: (OS/390):
OpenStack:
Is an IBM operating system for the System/390
Is a set of software tools for building and IBM mainframe computers.
managing cloud computing platforms for public
and private clouds. Backed by some of the
biggest companies in software development
and hosting, as well as thousands of individual
P
community members, many think that PaaS:
OpenStack is the future of cloud computing.
See Platform As A Service.
Open source software:
PAM:
Open source refers to a program or software in
See Pluggable Authentication Module.
which the source code (the form of the program
when a programmer writes a program in a Panel:
particular programming language) is available The formatted display of information that
to the general public for use and/or modification appears on a display screen.
from its original design free of charge. Open
Parallel Access Volume (PAV):
source code is typically created as a
collaborative effort in which programmers A licensed function of DS8000 series that
improve upon the code and share the changes enables z/OS systems to issue concurrent I/O
within the community. requests against a count key data logical
volume by associating multiple devices of a
Open system: single control-unit image with a single logical
A system whose characteristics comply with device. Up to eight device addresses can be
standards made available throughout the assigned to a PAV. The PAV function enables
industry and that therefore can be connected to two or more concurrent write operations to the
other systems complying with the same same logical volume, as long as the write
standards. Applied to DS8000 series, such operations are not to the same extents.

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
 Glossary

Parallel Sysplex License Charge (PSLC): See Partitioned Data Set Extended.
Charges for Parallel Sysplex licenses. PDU:
Parity: See Protocol Data Unit.
A data checking scheme used in a computer PDU:
system to ensure the integrity of the data. The
See Power Distribution Unit.
RAID implementation uses parity to re-create
data if a disk drive fails. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI):
An architecture for a system bus and
Partitioned Data Set (PDS):
associated protocols that supports attachments
Is a data set containing multiple members, each
of adapter cards to a system backplane.
of which holds a separate sub-data set, similar
to a directory in other types of file systems. Peripheral Component Interconnect
Express (PCIe or PCIe):
Partitioned Data Set Extended (PDSE):
Is a serial expansion bus standard for
Is a data set type that is managed by DFSMS.
connecting a computer to one or more
Externally, a PDSE is very similar to a PDS.
peripheral devices. PCIe provides lower latency
Internally, the PDSE has a different directory
and higher data transfer rates than parallel
structure, member format, and record format. A
busses such as PCI and PCI-X. Every device
PDSE is indistinguishable from a PDS through
that's connected to a motherboard with a PCIe
most interfaces used to access a PDS directory
link has its own dedicated point-to-point
or member. All ISPF functions support the
connection. This means that devices are not
PDSE.
competing for bandwidth because they are not
Path group: sharing the same bus.
In IBM Z architecture, a set of channel paths Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC):
that are defined to a control unit as being
Is a protocol to replicate a storage volume to
associated with a single Logical PARtition
another control unit in a remote site.
(LPAR). The channel paths are in a group state
Synchronous PPRC causes each write to the
and are online to the host. See also logical
primary volume to be performed to the
partition.
secondary as well, and the I/O is only
PAV: considered complete when update to both
See Parallel Access Volumes. primary and secondary have completed.
Asynchronous PPRC will flag tracks on the
PCHID:
primary to be duplicated to the secondary when
See Physical Channel Path Identifier. time permits.
PCI: Performance Groups:
See Peripheral Component Interconnect. Are used to assign a numerical value to a
PCIe: performance policy.
See Peripheral Component Interconnect Peripheral:
Express. Is defined as any auxiliary device such as a
PDF: tape drive, disk drive, mouse, or keyboard that
See Program Development Facility. connects to and works with the computer in
some way.
PDS:
Persistent FlashCopy:
See Partitioned Data Set.
A state where a FlashCopy relationship
PDSE: remains indefinitely until the user deletes it. The

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 Glossary

relationship between the source and target Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM):
volumes is maintained after a background copy A mechanism to integrate multiple low-level
completes. authentication schemes into a high-level API. It
PFI: allows programs that rely on authentication to
be written independently of the underlying
See Predictive Failure Analysis.
authentication scheme.
Physical Channel Path Identifier (PCHID):
Point-to-point connection:
Specifies a physical channel identifier related to A Fibre Channel topology that enables the
their physical location.
direct interconnection of ports. See also
Physical path: arbitrated loop and switched fabric.
A single path through the I/O interconnection Port:
fabric that attaches two units. For Copy A physical connection on a host adapter to the
Services, this is the path from a host adapter on cable that connects the DS8000 storage
one DS8000 storage system (through cabling system to hosts, switches, or another DS8000
and switches) to a host adapter on another storage system. DS8000 series uses SCSI and
DS8000 storage system. ESCON host adapters that have two ports per
Pinned data: adapter, and Fibre Channel host adapters that
Data that is held in cache until either an error have one port. See also ESCON, Fibre
condition is corrected and it can be moved to Channel, host adapter, and small computer
disk storage or until the data is discarded by a system interface.
host command. Pinned data conditions can Portable Operating System Interface
only occur on an ESS Model 800 during (POSIX):
fast-write or dual-copy functions. POSIX is a set of standard operating system
PKI: interfaces based on the UNIX operating
See Public Key Infrastructure. system.

Platform As A Service (PaaS): Positional operands (In UNIX):

Platform as a service (PaaS) or application Positional operands follow the command name
platform as a service (aPaaS) is a category of in a certain order. In the command descriptions
cloud computing services that provides a within this topic, the positional operands are
platform allowing customers to develop, run, shown in lowercase characters. When you
and manage applications without the enter a positional operand that is a list of
complexity of building and maintaining the several names or values, you must enclose the
infrastructure typically associated with list within parentheses.
developing and launching an app. PaaS can be PostgreSQL:
delivered in two ways: As a public cloud service Often simply Postgres, is an object-relational
from a provider, where the consumer controls database management system (ORDBMS) with
software deployment with minimal configuration an emphasis on extensibility and standards
options, and the provider provides the compliance. As a database server, its primary
networks, servers, storage, operating system, functions are to store data securely and return
middleware, database, and other services to that data in response to requests from other
host the consumer's application; or as a private software applications. It can handle workloads
service (software or appliance) inside the ranging from small single-machine applications
firewall, or as software deployed on a public to large Internet-facing applications (or for data
infrastructure as a service. warehousing) with many concurrent users; on
macOS Server, PostgreSQL is the default

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 Glossary

database; and it is also available for Microsoft The program which provides the sequential
Windows and Linux. scheduling of jobs and basic operating systems
functions.
Power Distribution Unit (PDU):
A type of electrical component that distributes Primary control unit:
and manages electricity supply to computers, The DS8000 storage system to which a
servers, and networking devices within a data Remote Mirror and Copy primary device is
center environment. It provides a central unit to physically attached.
control and distribute electricity across the data
Primary Power Supply (PPS):
center components. Power distribution units are
also known as Main Distribution Units (MDUs). A wide range power supply that converts AC
input voltage into DC voltage.
Power Supply Unit (PSU):
PRINTDS command (In UNIX):
Converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated
DC power for the internal components of a Use the PRINTDS command to format and print
computer. data sets on any printer defined to the Job
Entry Subsystem (JES).
PPS:
Processor:
See Primary Power Supply.
The key component of a computing device that
Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA): contains the circuitry necessary to interpret and
Can anticipate certain forms of failures by execute electrical signals fed into the device. Its
keeping internal statistics of read and write basic job is to receive input and provide the
errors. If the error rates exceed predetermined appropriate output. Also referred to as CPU or
threshold values, the drive is nominated for core.
replacement. Because the drive has not yet
Processor complex:
failed, data can be copied directly to a spare
drive. This copy ability avoids the use of RAID The set of hardware that defines a mainframe,
recovery to reconstruct all of the data onto the which includes the central processing units,
spare drive. memory, channels, controllers, and power
supplies included in the box. Also known as
Preventive Service Planning (PSP): ‘Central Electronics Complex (CEC)’.
Is formation, which contains the latest
Processor node:
information that is applicable to machine’s
hardware and software. PSP information A partition of a storage server that is capable of
should be reviewed before all system installs, performing all defined functions of the storage
hardware, and software updates. PSP server. Multiple processor complexes provide
information is provided by the IBM software redundancy.
support center to use when installing a licensed Processor Resource System Manager
program, cumulative PTF packages, or (PR/SM):
hardware. It can also be used to order
Is a type-1 Hypervisor (a virtual machine
preventive service planning information and
monitor) that allows multiple logical partitions to
review the recommended High Impact
share physical resources such as CPUs, I/O
PERvasive (HIPER) fixes periodically or to
channels and direct access storage devices
order the HIPER PTF group. The HIPER PTF
(DASD). It is integrated with all IBM Z
group is updated every other week.
mainframes.
Primary control program (PCP):
Processor Unit (PU):
All of the processors in the CPC begin as
equivalent processor units (PUs) or engines

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 Glossary

that have not been characterized for use. Each A unit of data specified in the protocol of a given
processor is characterized by IBM during layer and consisting of protocol control
installation or at a later time. information for the layer and, possibly, user
data for the layer.
The potential characterizations are:
PR/SM:
• Central Processor (CP)
• System Assistance Processor (SAP) See Processor Resource System Manager.
• Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
Pseudo host:
• z Application Assist Processor (zAAP)
A host connection that is not explicitly defined
• The System z9 Integrated Information
to the DS8000 storage system and that has
Processor (zIIP)
access to at least one volume that is configured
• Integrated Coupling Facility (ICF)
on the DS8000 storage system. The FiconNet
• Spare: An uncharacterized PU functions as
pseudo host icon represents the FICON
a spare. If the system controllers detect a
protocol. The EsconNet pseudo host icon
failing CP or SAP, it can be replaced with a
represents the ESCON protocol. The pseudo
spare PU. In most cases this can be done
host icon labeled Anonymous represents hosts
without any system interruption, even for
connected through the FCP protocol.
the application running on the failing
Anonymous host is a commonly used synonym
processor.
for pseudo host. DS8000 series adds a pseudo
PROFILE command (In UNIX): host icon only when it is set to access-any
The PROFILE command establishes, changes, mode. See also access-any mode.
or lists your user profile. The information in your
PSP:
profile tells the system how you want to use
See Preventive Service Planning.
your terminal.
PSU:
Program:
See Power Supply Unit.
On a computer, a generic term for software that
controls the operation of the computer. PTF:
Typically, the program is a logical assemblage See Program Temporary Fix.
of software modules that perform multiple
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI):
related tasks.
Supports the distribution and identification of
Program Development Facility (PDF): public encryption keys, enabling users and
Provides a panel-driven menu interface and a computers to both securely exchange data over
number of services through which users can networks such as the Internet and verify the
work with source code and data stored on a identity of the other party.
host.
PV Links:
Program Temporary Fix (PTF): Short for Physical Volume Links, an alternate
A temporary solution to, or bypass of, a pathing solution from Hewlett-Packard that
problem diagnosed by IBM as the result of a provides for multiple paths to a volume, as well
defect in a current unaltered release of a as static load balancing.
licensed program.
Promote:
Q
To add a logical data unit to cache memory. qcow2 (QEMU Copy On Write):
Protocol Data Unit (PDU): Is a file format for disk image files used by
QEMU, a hosted virtual machine monitor. It
uses a disk storage optimization strategy that

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 Glossary

delays allocation of storage until it is actually the frame or equipment is expressed as

needed. Files in qcow format can contain a multiples of rack units.
variety of disk images, which are generally
RAID:
associated with specific guest operating
See redundant array of independent disks.
systems.
RAID is also commonly expanded to redundant
QEMU: array of inexpensive disks. See also array.
QEMU (short for Quick Emulator) is a free and
RAID 5:
open-source hosted hypervisor that performs
hardware virtualization (not to be confused with A type of RAID that optimizes cost-effective
hardware-assisted virtualization). QEMU is a performance while emphasizing use of
hosted virtual machine monitor: it emulates available capacity through data striping. RAID 5
CPUs through dynamic binary translation and provides fault tolerance for up to two failed disk
provides a set of device models, enabling it to drives by distributing parity across all the drives
run a variety of unmodified guest operating in the array plus one parity disk drive. DS8000
systems. It also can be used together with KVM series automatically reserves spare disk drives
in order to run virtual machines at near-native when it assigns arrays to a Device Adapter pair
speed (requiring hardware virtualization (DA pair). See also device adapter, RAID 10,
extensions on x86 machines). QEMU can also and redundant array of independent disks.
do CPU emulation for user-level processes,
allowing applications compiled for one RAID 6:
architecture to run on another. Any form of RAID that can continue to process
Quality of Service (QoS): read and write requests to all virtual disks of an
An assessment of how well a delivered service array in the presence of two concurrent failures.
conforms to the client's expectations. Service See also device adapter, RAID 5, RAID 10, and
business operators often assess the service redundant array of independent disks.
quality provided to their customers in order to RAID 10:
improve their service, to quickly identify
A type of RAID that optimizes high performance
problems, and to better assess client
satisfaction. while maintaining fault tolerance for up to two
failed disk drives by striping volume data across
R several disk drives and mirroring the first set of
disk drives on an identical set. DS8000 series
RACF: automatically reserves spare disk drives when it
See Resource Access Control Facility. assigns arrays to a device adapter pair (DA
Rack Power Control (RPC) cards: pair). See also device adapter, RAID 5, and
redundant array of independent disks.
Manages the DS8000 power subsystem and
provide control, monitoring, and reporting Random access:
functions. RPC cards are responsible for A mode of accessing data on a medium in a
receiving DC-UPS status and controlling manner that requires the storage device to
DC-UPS functions. access nonconsecutive storage locations on
Rack Unit: the medium.
Abbreviated as U or RU, is a unit of measure Random Access Memory (RAM):
defined as 1.75 inches (44.45mm). It is most A type of computer memory that can be
frequently used as a measurement of the accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory
overall height of 19-inch and 23-inch rack can be accessed without touching the
frames, as well as the height of equipment that preceding bytes. RAM is the most common
mounts in these frames, whereby the height of

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 Glossary

type of memory found in computers and other Is a design feature found in certain computers'
devices, such as printers. main random access memory. RAIM utilizes
additional memory modules and striping
Rank:
algorithms to protect against the failure of any
One or more arrays that are combined to create
particular module and keep the memory system
a logically contiguous storage space.
operating continuously.
RAS:
Relative Record Data Set (RRDS):
See Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability.
Has fixed-length slots, predefined to VSAM, in
Reboot: which records can be stored. An RRDS record
Booting is starting a computer's operating is always fixed length, equal to the slot size. A
system, so rebooting is to start it for a second or record that is in an RRDS is identified by the
third time. Rebooting is usually necessary after Relative Record Number (RRN) of the slot that
a computer crashes, meaning it stops working holds it. When a new record is added to an
because of a malfunction. Rebooting allows the RRDS, VSAM uses the number that you supply
computer to restart and get back to working with the file control request.
normally. After a crash, the computer is useless
Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability
until it is rebooted.
(RAS):
Recovery Point Objective (RPO): Is a computer hardware engineering term
The maximum targeted period in which data involving reliability engineering, high availability,
might be lost from an IT service due to a major and serviceability design. Computers designed
incident. with higher levels of RAS have many features
Recovery Time Objective (RTO): that protect data integrity and help them stay
The targeted duration of time and a service available for long periods of time without failure,
level within which a business process must be this data integrity and uptime is a particular
restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order selling point for mainframes and fault-tolerant
to avoid unacceptable consequences systems.
associated with a break in business continuity. Remote I/O loop (RIO loop):
RECEIVE command (In UNIX): I/O subsystems are connected to the processor
The RECEIVE command is used by the subsystem through Remote I/O cable loops.
addressee of a file transmission to retrieve The cable loops are connected to ports that are
transmitted files and to restore them to their available from the rear of the processor
original format. subsystem. The RIO cables are connected in
loops so that the system has two paths to each
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC):
I/O subsystem.There are two typical RIO loops:
Is one whose instruction set architecture (ISA) 1) one port of a hub connected to the input port
allows it to have fewer cycles per instruction of an I/O drawer, and the output port of this I/O
(CPI) than a complex instruction set computer. drawer connected to the companion port of the
Redundant Array of Independent Disks same hub; 2) one port of a hub connected to
(RAID): the input port of an I/O drawer, the output port
A methodology of grouping disk drives for of this I/O drawer connected to the input port of
managing disk storage to insulate data from a another I/O drawer, and the output port of the
failing disk drive. other I/O drawer connected to the companion
port of the same hub.
Redundant Array of Independent Memory
(RAIM): Remote Mirror and Copy:

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 Glossary

A feature of a storage server that constantly Define a collection of resources and associate
updates a secondary copy of a logical volume a set of policies relative to how the resources
to match changes made to a primary logical are configured and managed.
volume. The primary and secondary volumes
RESTful API:
can be on the same storage server or on
Is an application programming interface (API)
separate storage servers. See also Global
that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST,
Mirror, Metro Mirror, and Global Copy.
and DELETE data.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC):
Restructured Extended Executor (REXX):
In distributed computing, a remote procedure
REXX is an interpreted programming language
call (RPC) is when a computer program causes
developed at IBM. It is a structured, high-level
a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a
programming language designed for ease of
different address space (commonly on another
learning and reading. Proprietary and open
computer on a shared network), which is coded
source REXX interpreters exist for a wide range
as if it were a normal (local) procedure call,
of computing platforms; compilers exist for IBM
without the programmer explicitly coding the
mainframe computers.
details for the remote interaction.
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM):
Reporting task commands:
Used for creating reports. Used to help determine the access time on
computer hard drives. RPM is a measurement
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF): of how many revolutions a computer's hard
A security system that provides access control drive makes in a single minute. The higher the
and auditing functionality for the z/OS and z/VM RPM, the faster the data will be accessed.
operating systems.
RIO loop:
Resource Management Facility (RMF): See Remote I/O loop.
IBM's strategic product for z/OS performance
RISC:
measurement and management. It is the base
product to collect performance data for z/OS See Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
and sysplex environments to monitor systems' R0:
performance behavior and provides the ability
See track-descriptor record.
to optimally tune and configure the system
according to business needs. Rotate extents:
REST API: Distributes the extents of each volume
A REST API defines a set of functions which successfully across all ranks in a pool to
developers can perform requests and receive achieve a well balanced capacity based
responses using HTTP protocol such as GET distribution of the workload. See Storage Pool
and POST. Because REST API’s use HTTP, Striping.
they can be used by practically any Rotate volume:
programming language and easy to test (it’s a Reduces the configuration effort compared to
requirement of a REST API that the client and single rank extent pools by easily distributing a
server are independent of each other allowing set of volumes to different ranks in a specific
either to be coded in any language and extent pool for workloads where the use of host
improved upon supporting longevity and based stripping methods is still present.
evolution).
RPC:
Resource Group:
See Rack Power Control cards or Remote
Procedure Call.

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 Glossary

RPM: The main thing to remember here is that the

See Revolutions Per Minute. script that DS CLI executes can only contain
DS CLI commands.
RRDS:
See Relative Record Data Set. SCSI:
See Small Computer System Interface.
RSA:
Is algorithm used by modern computers to SCSI device:
encrypt and decrypt messages. It is an A disk drive connected to a host through an I/O
asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. interface using the SCSI protocol. A SCSI
Asymmetric means that there are two different device is either an initiator or a target. See also
keys. This is also called public key initiator and small computer system interface.
cryptography, because one of them can be SCSI-FCP:
given to everyone. The other key must be kept
Synonym for Fibre Channel Protocol, a protocol
private. It is based on the fact that finding the
used to transport data between an
factors of an integer is hard (the factoring
open-systems host and a Fibre Channel
problem). RSA stands for Ron Rivest, Adi
adapter on a DS8000. See also Fibre Channel
Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, who first
Protocol and small computer system interface.
publicly described it in 1978.
SDD:
S See IBM Subsystem Multipathing Device
Driver.
SAF:
See System Access Facility. SE:

SAID: See Support Element.

See System Adapter Identification Number. Secondary control unit:
SAM: The DS8000 to which a Remote Mirror and
See Sequential Access Method. Copy secondary device is physically attached.

SAN: Secure Data Overwrite (SDO):

See Storage Area Network. A method of securely overwriting sensitive data
in a way that makes the data unreadable.
SAP:
Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA-3):
See System Assistance Processor.
A cryptographic hash algorithm (alternatively,
SARC:
hash "function") is designed to provide a
See Sequential Adaptive Replacement Cache. random mapping from a string of binary data to
SAS: a fixed-size “message digest” and achieve
certain security properties. Hash algorithms can
See Statistical Analysis System.
be used for digital signatures, message
SE: authentication codes, key derivation functions,
See Support Element. pseudo random functions, and many other
security applications
Screen:
Sector:
The physical surface of a display device upon
which information is shown to users. An area of a disk that contains the smallest
addressable unit of information. When a disk is
Script command mode: formatted, the operating system divides it into
sectors and tracks. A sector is the theoretically

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 Glossary

minimal region of the disk upon which data can a single view of time to Processor
be read or written at one time. Resource/Systems Manager (PR/SM).
SEND command (In UNIX): Service clearance:
Use the SEND command to send messages to The area that is required to open the service
other users. To receive the messages, the covers and to pull out components for servicing.
recipient's profile setting must include
Service Information Message (SIM):
INTERCOM.
A message sent by a storage server to service
Sequential access: personnel through an IBM Z operating system.
A mode of accessing data on a medium in a
Service personnel:
manner that requires the storage device to
A generalization referring to individuals or
access consecutive storage locations on the
companies authorized to service the DS8880.
medium.
The terms service provider, service
Sequential Adaptive Replacement Cache representative, and IBM service representative
(SARC): refer to types of service personnel. See also
Is a caching algorithm that allows you to run System Services Representative.
different workloads, such as sequential and
Service provider interface (SPI):
random workloads, without negatively affecting
each other. The set of public interfaces and abstract
classes that a service defines. The SPI defines
Sequential Data Set: the classes and methods available to your
In a sequential data set, records are data items application.
that are stored consecutively.
SES:
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS): SCSI Enclosure Services.
Full-duplex. Uses the native SCSI command
Session:
set, which has more functionality. A SAS drive
uses SCSI error checking and reporting. This A collection of volumes within a logical
allows your storage system to collect richer subsystem that are managed together during
information from the drive if errors are occurring the creation of consistent copies of data. All
(such as a failing or marginal disk). SAS drives volumes in a session must transfer their data
are dual ported, which is vital in dual controller successfully to the remote site before the
enclosures. increment can be called complete.

Serial connection: SFF:

A method of device interconnection for See Small Form Factor.
determining interrupt priority by connecting the SFI:
interrupt sources serially. See Storage Facility Image.
Server: SHA-3:
A host that provides certain services to other See Secure Hash Algorithm 3.
hosts that are referred to as clients.
A functional unit that provides services to one Shared storage:
or more clients over a network. Storage that is configured so that multiple hosts
can concurrently access the storage. The
Server Time Protocol (STP):
storage has a uniform appearance to all hosts.
Is a server-wide facility that is implemented in The host programs that access the storage
the Licensed Internal Code (LIC) and presents must have a common model for the information
on a storage device. The programs must be

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 Glossary

designed to handle the effects of concurrent An operating system from IBM. OS/VS2 R1
access. was known as SVS (Single Virtual Storage) as
it had a single 16 MB virtual address space.
Shortwave cable:
Takes advantage of virtual memory.
Shortwave laser uses a wavelength of
approximately 850 nm. Typically used for Small Computer System Interface (SCSI):
medium and longer distance connections (up to A standard hardware interface that enables a
500m). variety of peripheral devices to communicate
with one another.
SIM:
See Service Information Message. Smart relay host:
A mail relay or mail gateway that has the
Simple Network Management Protocol
capability to correct email addressing problems.
(SNMP):
In the Internet suite of protocols, a network Small Form Factor (SFF):
management protocol that is used to monitor 2.5-inch hard disk drives (HDDs). The
routers and attached networks. SNMP is an measurement represent the approximate
application layer protocol. Information on diameter of the platter within the drive
devices managed is defined and stored in the enclosures.
application's Management Information Base
SMF:
(MIB). See also management information base.
See System Management Facility.
Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT):
Is a technique for improving the overall SMP:
efficiency of superscalar CPUs with hardware See Symmetrical MultiProcessor.
multithreading. SMT permits multiple SMT:
independent threads of execution to better
See Simultaneous Multithreading.
utilize the resources provided by modern
processor architectures. SNMP:
See Simple Network Management Protocol.
Single-Byte Command Code Sets
Connection (SBCON): SNMP agent:
The ANSI standard for the ESCON I/O A server process that resides on a network
interface. node and is responsible for communicating with
managers regarding that node. The node is
Single Point Of Failure (SPOF):
represented as a managed object, which has
A potential risk posed by a flaw in the design,
various fields or variables that are defined in the
implementation, or configuration of a circuit or
appropriate MIB.
system in which one fault or malfunction causes
an entire system to stop operating. SNMP manager:
Single-shot mode: A managing system that runs a managing
application or suite of applications. These
Use the DS CLI single-shot command mode if
applications depend on Management
your want to issue an occasional command but
Information Base (MIB) objects for information
do not want to keep a history of the commands
that resides on the managed system. Managers
that you have issued. When typing the
generate requests for this MIB information, and
command, you can use the host name or the IP
an SNMP agent on the managed system
address of the DS HMC. Wait for the command
responds to these requests. A request can
to process and display the end results.
either be the retrieval or modification of MIB
Single Virtual Storage (SVS): information.

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 Glossary

Software: See SubSystem IDentifier.

Is the part of a computer system that consists of SSPC:
encoded information or computer instructions.
See System Storage Productivity Center.
Solid State Drive (SSD): SSR:
Are high-IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per See System Services Representative.
Second) class enterprise storage devices
targeted at business critical production Staging:
applications that can benefit from high level of To move data from an offline or low-priority
fast-access storage. device back to an online or higher priority
device, usually on demand of the system or on
Source device:
request of the user.
One of the devices in a dual-copy or
remote-copy volume pair. All channel Standard volume:
commands to the logical volume are directed to A volume that emulates one of several IBM Z
the source device. The data on the source volume types, including 3390-2, 3390-3,
device is duplicated on the target device. See 3390-9, 3390-2 (3380-track mode), or 3390-3
also target device. (3380-track mode), by presenting the same
number of cylinders and capacity to the host as
Space efficient volumes:
provided by the native IBM Z volume type of the
A space efficient volume does not occupy same name.
physical capacity when it is created. Space gets
allocated when data is actually written to the Statistical Analysis System (SAS):
volume. The amount of space that gets Is a software suite developed by SAS Institute
physically allocated is a function of the amount for advanced analytics, multivariate analyses,
of data changes that are performed on a business intelligence, data management, and
volume. The sum of all defined space efficient predictive analytics.
volumes can be larger than the physical
capacity available. Storage:
Also called memory, is a technology consisting
Spare: of computer components and recording media
A disk drive on the DS8000 that can replace a used to retain digital data. It is a core function
failed disk drive. A spare can be predesignated and fundamental component of computers.
to allow automatic dynamic sparing. Any data
preexisting on a disk drive that is invoked as a Storage Area Network (SAN):
spare is destroyed by the dynamic sparing copy A network that connects a company's
process. heterogeneous storage resources.

SPI: Storage capacity:

See Service provider interface. The amount of data that a storage medium can
hold; usually expressed in kilobytes,
SPOF: megabytes, or gigabytes.
See Single Point Of Failure.
Storage complex:
SRM: A configuration of one or more storage systems
See Storage Resource Management. that is managed by a management console.
SSD: Storage device:
See Solid State Drive. A physical unit that provides a mechanism to
SSID: store data on a given medium such that it can
be subsequently retrieved.

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 Glossary

Storage Facility Image (SFI): management software to monitor or manage

A storage facility image consists of two LPARs, the storage devices.
one on each processor complex in a storage Storage unit:
facility. A storage facility image is capable of DS8880 base frame plus installed expansion
performing all functions of a storage server frames.
from the host's perspective. More than one SFI
can be configured on a storage facility. A STP:
storage facility image might also be referred to See Server Time Protocol.
as a storage image.
Striping:
Storage image: A data mapping technique for disk arrays in
A partitioning of a storage system that provides which fixed-length sequences of virtual-disk
emulation of a storage server with one or more data addresses are mapped to sequences of
storage devices that provides storage capability member disk addresses in a regular rotating
to a host computer. You can configure more pattern.
than one storage image on a storage system. SUBMIT command (In UNIX):
(DS8000 series only) Use the SUBMIT command to submit one or
Storage pool striping: more batch jobs for background processing.
Improves overall performance and reduces the Subordinate storage system:
effort of performance management by evenly The physical unit that receives commands from
distributing data and workloads across a larger the master storage system and is specified
set of ranks, which reduces skew and hot spots. when a Global Mirror session is started. The
See Rotate Extents. subordinate storage system forms consistency
Storage Resource Management (SRM): groups and performs other Global Mirror
processing. A subordinate storage system can
Is a proactive approach to optimizing the
be controlled by only one master storage
efficiency and speed with which available drive
system. Contrast with master storage system.
space is utilized in a Storage Area Network
(SAN). SubSystem IDentifier (SSID):
Storage server: A number that uniquely identifies a logical
subsystem within a computer installation.
A physical unit that manages attached storage
devices and provides an interface between SuperPAV (Parallel Access Volume):
them and a host computer by providing the SuperPAV extends upon the previous
function of one or more logical subsystems. HyperPAV capabilities by enabling alias devices
The storage server can provide functions that to be used across multiple Logical SubSystems
the storage device does not provide. The (LSS). An alias device can be used for any
storage server has one or more clusters. A base device on the same DS8000 server and in
storage server may also be called a file server. the same path group on the server. SuperPAV
Storage system: will enable performance to be sustained with
fewer overall alias devices and offer greater
A storage system can include facilities for host
parallelism for individual larger volumes,
attachment, user role authentication, a
improving scalability and performance.
Command-Line Interface (CLI), a graphical
user interface (GUI), and storage devices that Super Zap (SZAP):
most often include Redundant Array of SPZAP can list, map, and modify load modules
Independent Disks (RAID) controllers. It might (executable programs) or patch or fix the
also include agents for enabling third-party Volume Table Of Contents (VTOC).

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 Glossary

Support Element (SE): represents a shared secret between the two.

Symmetric encryption is typically more efficient
A Support Element is a dedicated workstation
than asymmetric encryption, and is often used
used for monitoring and operating a system. It
for bulk data encryption.
is attached to the central processor complex
(CPC) of a system. The Support Element is Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP):
located inside the same frame that the central Is the processing of programs by multiple
processor complex (CPC) is located. An processors that share a common operating
alternate support element is also provided to system and memory. In symmetric (or ‘tightly
switch from your primary support element to the coupled’) multiprocessing, the processors
alternate Support Element if hardware share memory, and the I/O bus or data path. A
problems occur. single copy of the operating system is in charge
Switched fabric: of all the processors.
A Fibre Channel topology in which ports are Synchronous write:
interconnected through a switch. Fabric A write operation whose completion is indicated
switches can also be interconnected to support after the data has been stored on a storage
numerous ports on a single network. See also device.
arbitrated loop and point-to-point connection.
System Adapter Identification Number
System Access Facility (SAF): (SAID):
Is an interface defined by z/OS that enables The unique identification number that is
programs to use system authorization services automatically assigned to each DS8000 host
to control access to resources, such as data adapter for use by Copy Services.
sets and z/OS commands.
System Data Mover (SDM):
System Assistance Processor (SAP): A DFSMS component that interacts with data
Every modern mainframe has at least one SAP; storage subsystems and with various advanced
larger systems may have several. The SAPs copy services functions to efficiently move large
execute internal code to provide the I/O amounts of data. As updates occur to primary
subsystem. An SAP, for example, translates volumes, the SDM manages the process of
device numbers and real addresses of channel copying those updates to secondary volumes.
path identifiers (CHPIDs), control unit The SDM ensures that updates to secondary
addresses, and device numbers. It manages volumes are made in the same order in which
multiple paths to control units and performs they were made to the primary volumes,
error recovery for temporary errors. Operating maintaining sequence consistency.
systems and applications cannot detect SAPs, System Management Facilities (SMF):
and SAPs do not use any normal memory. A component of IBM's z/OS for mainframe
SAPs execute commands. computers, providing a standardized method
System Management Facility (SMF): for writing out records of activity to a file or data
set.
Is a component of IBM's z/OS for mainframe
computers, providing a standardized method System Modification Program:
for writing out records of activity to a file. A program used to install software and software
changes on z/OS systems.
Symmetric encryption:
Means that the encryption and decryption System p:
operations utilize the same key. For two The IBM family of products, which emphasizes
communicating parties using symmetric performance and includes System p5, eServer
encryption for secure communication, the key

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 Glossary

p5, eServer pSeries, eServer OpenPower, and are typically I/O devices. A SCSI target is
RS/6000. analogous to an IBM Z control unit. See also
small computer system interface.
System Services Representative (SSR):
Responsible for performing basic technical Target device:
services for IBM customers including some or One of the devices in a dual-copy or
all of the following: element exchange, minor remote-copy volume pair that contains a
repair, depot or bench maintenance, equipment duplicate of the data that is on the source
refurbish, installation, relocation, device. Unlike the source device, the target
discontinuance, upgrade and modification, and device might only accept a limited subset of
so on. Services are typically performed in a data. See also source device.
high volume environment with access to
TB:
exchangeable units and parts requiring
See terabyte.
minimum, if any, problem determination activity.
Services may be directed by a service call TCO:
management process or be performed as part See Total Cost of Ownership.
of a team.
TCP/IP:
System Storage Productivity Center (SSPC): See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
IBM System Storage Productivity Center is an Protocol.
integrated offering that provides a consolidated
focal point for managing IBM storage products Telemetry:
as well as managing mixed-vendor storage OpenStack Telemetry provides user-level
environments. SSPC provides enhancements usage data for OpenStack-based clouds. The
to daily storage administration by making data can be used for customer billing, system
available a broad set of configuration functions. monitoring, or alerts. Telemetry can collect data
System Storage Productivity Center’s
from notifications sent by existing OpenStack
user-friendly interface provides utilities to
components such as Compute usage events, or
configure storage devices, and enhancements
that offer a wide range of management by polling OpenStack infrastructure resources
capabilities. such as libvirt. Telemetry includes a storage
daemon that communicates with authenticated
System x: agents through a trusted messaging system to
The IBM family of products, which emphasizes collect and aggregate data. Additionally, the
industry-standard server scalability and service uses a plug-in system that you can use
self-managing server technologies. It includes to add new monitors. You can deploy the API
System x3nnn, eServer xSeries, and AMD Server, central agent, data store service, and
processor-based eServer servers. collector agent on different hosts.
Systems Network Architecture (SNA): Terabyte (TB):
SNA is IBM's proprietary networking 1) Nominally, 1 000 000 000 000 bytes, which is
architecture. It is a complete protocol stack for accurate when speaking of bandwidth and disk
interconnecting computers and their resources. storage capacity.
2) For DS8000 cache memory, processor
T storage, real and virtual storage, a terabyte
Target: refers to 240 or 1 099 511 627 776 bytes.
A SCSI device that acts as a subordinate to an Total Cost of Ownership (TCO):
initiator and consists of a set of one or more
logical units, each with an assigned Logical Unit
Number (LUN). The logical units on the target

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 Glossary

Is a financial estimate intended to help buyers The name of the suite of products comprising
and owners determine the direct and indirect the Tivoli Storage Productivity Center.
costs of a product or system.
TPF:
Tracks: See Transaction Processing Facility.
Are concentric circles around the disk. The
Track:
operating system and disk drive keep track of
A unit of storage on a CKD device that can be
where information is stored on the disk by
formatted to contain a number of data records.
noting the range of track and sector numbers.
See also home address, track-descriptor
Transport Control Word (TCW): record, and data record.
A TCW combines the functions of the Prefix
Track address:
CCW and the Read or Write CCW into a single
entity that further reduces channel overhead. This term refers to a 32-bit number that
Used by z High Performance FICON (zHPF) identifies each track within a volume. It is in the
channel programs. format hexadecimal CCCCcccH, where CCCC
is the low order 16 bits of the cylinder number,
Time Sharing Option (TSO):
ccc is the high order 12 bits of the cylinder
An operating system option that provides number, and H is the four-bit track number. For
interactive time sharing from remote terminals. compatibility with older programs, the ccc
Thin provisioning: portion is hexadecimal 000 for tracks in the
A mechanism that provides the ability to define base addressing space.
logical volume sizes that are larger than the Track managed space:
physical capacity installed on the system. The This term refers to the space on a volume that
volume allocates capacity on an as-needed is managed in tracks and cylinders.
basis as a result of host-write actions. Track-managed space ends at cylinder address
Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM): 65519. Each data set occupies an integral
JAVA software program that manages keys multiple of tracks. Track-managed space also
enterprise wide and provides encryption enable exists on all non-EAVs.
tape drives with keys for encryption and Track Space Efficient (TSE) volumes:
decryption. Are used as target volumes of a FlashCopy
Tivoli Productivity Center for Replication Space Efficient operation and require the
(TPC-R): definition of a repository from which tracks are
Provides support for Metro Mirror and Global gradually allocated.
Mirror configurations as well as three-site Transaction Processing Facility (TPF):
recovery management, supporting IBM System A high-availability, high-performance IBM
Storage DS8000 Metro Global Mirror and Metro operating system, designed to support
Global Mirror with HyperSwap. It is designed to real-time, transaction-driven applications. The
support fast failover and failback, fast specialized architecture of TPF is intended to
reestablishment of three-site mirroring, data optimize system efficiency, reliability, and
currency at the remote site with minimal lag responsiveness for data communication and
behind the local site, and quick database processing. TPF provides real-time
re-synchronization of mirrored sites using inquiry and updates to a large, centralized
incremental changes only. database, where message length is relatively
TKLM: short in both directions, and response time is
See Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager. typically less than three seconds. Formerly
known as the Airline Control
Tivoli Storage Productivity Center (TPC):

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 Glossary

Program/Transaction Processing Facility Each data set profile defined using RACF
(ACP/TPF). requires a universal access authority (UACC).
The UACC is the default access authority that
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
RACF gives to users and groups that are not
A communications protocol used in the Internet
defined in the profile's access list. If one of
and in any network that follows the Internet
these users or groups requests access to a
Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards for
data set that is protected by the profile, RACF
internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable
grants or denies the request based on the
host-to-host protocol between hosts in
UACC.
packet-switched communications networks and
in interconnected systems of such networks. It Unit address:
uses the Internet Protocol (IP) as the underlying For IBM Z, the address associated with a
protocol. device on a given control unit. On ESCON
interfaces, the unit address is the same as the
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
device address. On OEMI interfaces, the unit
Protocol (TCP/IP):
address specifies a control unit and device pair
1) A combination of data-transmission protocols
on the interface.
that provide end-to-end connections between
applications over interconnected networks of Unit Control Block (UCB):
different types. z/OS control block used to define channel
2) A suite of transport and application protocols attached devices.
that run over the Internet Protocol. See also UNIX System Services (USS):
Internet Protocol and Transmission Control
UNIX System Services (USS) is a required,
Protocol.
included component of z/OS. USS is a certified
TRANSMIT command (In UNIX): UNIX operating system implementation
Use the TRANSMIT command to send optimized for mainframe architecture.
messages, data sets, or both, to another user. Upper-layer protocol:
The TRANSMIT command converts this data
The layer of the Internet Protocol (IP) that
into a special format so that it can be
supports one or more logical protocols (for
transmitted to other users in the network.
example, a SCSI-command protocol and an
Transparency: ESA/390 command protocol). Refer to ANSI
See software transparency. X3.230-199x.
Trusted Key Entry (TKE):
A feature that is a means for ensuring secure V
creation and management of key material and
for managing the crypto adapters on the host. virsh:
TSE: Is a command line interface tool for managing
See Track Space Efficient. guests and the hypervisor.

TSO: Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA):

See Time Sharing Option. Data from one endpoint to another endpoint on
the same lower device gets sent down the
U lower device to external switch. If that switch
supports the hairpin mode, the frames get sent
UFS: back to the lower device and from there to the
UNIX Filing System. destination endpoint.
Universal Access Authority (UAA): Virtualization:

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 Glossary

The act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) Virtual Private Network (VPN):
version of something, including virtual computer is a network that is constructed using public
hardware platforms, operating systems, storage wires, usually the Internet, to connect to a
devices, and computer network resources. private network, such as a company's internal
Virtual machine facility: network.
A virtual data processing machine that appears Vital Product Data (VPD):
to the user to be for the exclusive use of that Information that uniquely defines the system,
user, but whose functions are accomplished by hardware, software, and microcode elements of
sharing the resources of a shared data a processing system.
processing system. An alternate name for the
Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM):
VM/370 IBM operating system.
VSAM is a file storage access method used in
Virtual Local Access Network (VLAN): z/OS operating systems. It is a high
Is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and performance access method used to organize
isolated in a computer network at the data link data in form of files in Mainframes.
layer. VLANs work by applying tags to network
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method
packets and handling these tags in networking
(VTAM):
systems - creating the appearance and
functionality of network traffic that is physically VTAM is the IBM subsystem that implements
on a single network but acts as if it is split Systems Network Architecture (SNA) for
between separate networks. In this way, VLANs mainframe environments. VTAM provides an
can keep network applications separate despite application programming interface (API) for
being connected to the same physical network, communication applications, and controls
and without requiring multiple sets of cabling communication equipment such as adapters
and networking devices to be deployed. and controllers.

Virtual Machine (VM): VM:

Is an emulation of a computer system. Virtual The root name of several IBM operating
machines are based on computer architectures systems, such as VM/XA, VM/ESA, VM/CMS,
and provide functionality of a physical and z/VM. See also virtual machine facility.
computer.
VMware:
VMware provides different software and
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM): applications for virtualization. It has become
one of the key providers of virtualization
A Virtual Machine Monitor is a software
software in the industry. VMware's products can
program that enables the creation,
be categorized in two levels: desktop
management, and governance of virtual
applications and server applications.
machines (VMs) and manages the operation of
a virtualized environment on top of a physical VMware ESXi:
host machine. Formerly ESX, is an enterprise-class, type-1
hypervisor developed by VMware for deploying
Virtual Memory:
and serving virtual computers. As a type-1
Virtual memory, or virtual storage, is a feature hypervisor, ESXi is not a software application
of an operating system that allows a computer that one installs in an operating system;
to compensate for shortages of physical instead, it includes and integrates vital
memory by temporarily transferring pages of operating system components, such as a
data from Random Access Memory (RAM) to kernel.
disk storage. Volume:

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
 Glossary

For IBM Z, the information recorded on a single WebSM (Web-based System Manager):
unit of recording medium. Indirectly, it can refer Is a client/server application that gives the user
to the unit of recording medium itself. On a non a powerful interface to manage UNIX systems.
removable-medium storage device, the term Web-based System Manager uses its graphical
can also indirectly refer to the storage device interface to enable the user to access and
associated with the volume. When multiple manage multiple remote machines.
volumes are stored on a single storage medium Weight distribution area:
transparently to the program, the volumes can The area that is required to distribute the weight
be referred to as logical volumes. of the storage system.
Volume group: Workload Manager (WLM):
A collection of either physical or logical Is a base component of the z/OS mainframe
volumes. operating system. It controls the access to
Volume Table Of Contents (VTOC): system resources for the work executing on
A table on a Direct Access Storage Device z/OS based on administrator-defined goals.
(DASD) volume that describes the location, Worldwide Node Name (WWNN):
size, and other characteristics of each data set
A unique 64-bit identifier for a host that contains
on the volume.
a Fibre Channel port. See also worldwide port
VPD: name.
See Vital Product Data.
Worldwide port name (WWPN):
VSE/ESA: A unique 64-bit identifier associated with a
An IBM operating system, the letters of which Fibre Channel adapter port. It is assigned in an
represent virtual storage extended/enterprise implementation- and protocol-independent
systems architecture. manner. See also worldwide node name.
VSAM: WWNN:
See Virtual Storage Access Method. See Worldwide Node Name.
VTAM: WWPN:
See Virtual Telecommunications Access See Worldwide Port Name.
Method.
X
W
XCF:
Warm demotion:
See Cross-System Coupling Facility.
An operation of IBM Easy Tier automatic mode.
The movement of an extent of moderately Xen:
active data to a lower tier when its tier has Xen Project is a hypervisor using a micro kernel
exceeded its optimal bandwidth capacity. design, providing services that allow multiple
computer operating systems to execute on the
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM):
same computer hardware concurrently.
Is a method of combining multiple signals on
laser beams at various Infrared (IR) XES:
wavelengths for transmission along fiber optic
See Cross-System Extended Services.
media. Each laser is modulated by an
independent set of signals. Extensible Markup Language (XML):
Wavelength-sensitive filters, the IR analog of
visible-light color filters, are used at the
receiving end.

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Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
 Glossary

Is a markup language that defines a set of rules zKVM (KVM for IBM Z):
for encoding documents in a format that is both A virtualization infrastructure for the Linux
human-readable and machine-readable. kernel that turns it into a hypervisor. It simplifies
configuration and operation of server
Y virtualization, leverages common Linux
administration skills to administer virtualization,
Z supports flexibility and agility leveraging the
z Application Assist Processor (zAAP): open source community, and provides an Open
Source virtualization choice.
This is a processor with a number of functions
disabled (interrupt handling, some instructions) Zoning:
such that no full operating system can be In Fibre Channel environments, the grouping of
executed on the processor. However, z/OS can multiple ports to form a virtual, private, storage
detect the presence of zAAP processors and network. Ports that are members of a zone can
will use them to execute Javacode. The same communicate with each other, but are isolated
Java code can be executed on a standard CP. from ports in other zones.
Again, zAAP engines are not counted when zSeries File System (ZFS):
specifying the model number of the system.
zFS is a z/OS UNIX file system that can be
Like IFLs, they exist only to control software
used like the Hierarchical File System (HFS).
costs.Note: zAAPs are not supported on IBM
zFS file systems contain files and directories,
z13, z13s, and the z14 mainframes.
including Access Control Lists (ACLs), that can
zDAC: be accessed with the z/OS HFS application
programming interfaces (APIs).
See z/OS Discovery and Auto Configuration.
z/OS:
Integrated Information Processor (zIIP):
An operating system for the IBM Z family of
Is a specialized engine for processing eligible products.
database workloads. The zIIP is designed to
help lower software costs for select workloads z/OS Discovery and Auto Configuration
on the mainframe, such as business (zDAC):
intelligence (BI), enterprise resource planning Designed to automatically run several I/O
(ERP) and customer relationship management configuration definition tasks for new and
(CRM). The zIIP reinforces the mainframe's changed disk and tape controllers that are
role as the data hub of the enterprise by helping connected to a switch or director, when
to make direct access to DB2® more cost attached to a FICON channel.
effective and reducing the need for multiple
z/OS Global Mirror:
copies of the data.
Remote mirror and copy feature for IBM Z
zHPF: environments. A function of a storage server
See High Performance FICON for IBM Z. that assists a control program to maintain a
consistent copy of a logical volume on another
zHPF:
storage system. All modifications of the primary
See High Performance FICON for IBM Z. logical volume by any attached host are
presented in order to a single host. The host
IBM Z Hypervisor Performance Manager
then makes these modifications on the
(zHPM):
secondary logical volume. This function was
Monitors virtual machines running on KVM to
formerly called Extended Remote Copy or
achieve goal-oriented policy based
XRC.
performance goals.

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 Glossary

z/OS Management Facility (Z/OSMF):

Is a product for z/OS that simplifies, optimizes,
and modernizes the z/OS system programmer
experience
z/TPF:
Is an emulation of a computer system. Virtual
machines are based on computer architectures
and provide functionality of a physical
computer.
z/VM:
A guest virtual machine (guest VM) is the
software component of a virtual machine (VM),
an independent instance of an operating
system (called a guest operating system) and
its associated software and information. A VM
guest can be a Linux, z/OS, z/VSE, or another
z/VM operating system.
z/VSE:
A general-purpose computer programming
language that is concurrent, class-based,
object-oriented, and specifically designed to
have as few implementation dependencies as
possible.

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