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Elements of Digital Communication Systems

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ECE HoD PSNCET
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8 views

Elements of Digital Communication Systems

Uploaded by

ECE HoD PSNCET
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements of Digital Communication Systems:

The essential components of a digital communication system are : 1. Input source,


2. Input transducer, 3.Formatter, 4. Source encoder, 5. Channel encoder, 6. Base-
band processor/ Band-pass modulator, 7. Channel, 8. Band-pass demodulator, 9.
Channel decoder, 10. Source decoder, 11. De-formatters, 12. Output transducers, 13.
Output signal
1. Input Source:
The input source or the source of information are generally analog in nature for
example voice signal and video signal.
These signals are non-electrical quantities and hence cannot be processed directly in
a digital communication system.
2. Input Transducers:
A transducer is a device, which converts one form of energy into another form.
Since the information from the input source are non-electrical quantity, the input
transducer convert this non-electrical quantity into electrical quantity.
3. Formatters:
A formatter is used to convert an analog signal into a digital signal. Therefore, the
received signal from the transducer is converted into digital signal by using the
formatter.
However, if the source signal is already in digital form such as computer then we
will not need a formatter in such cases.
4. Source Encoder:
The source encoder is used to compress the data into minimum number of bits. This
helps in effective utilization of the bandwidth. It removes the redundant bits or
unnecessary excess bits that is zeros from the input data.
5. Channel Encoder:
The channel encoder does the coding for error correction.
During the transmission of the signal, due to the noise in the channel, the signal may
get altered. Hence, the channel encoder provides some redundant bits to the message
data in order to provide an error free data on the receiver side.
The channel encoder plays an important role in the communication system.
6. Base-band Processor:
In case of low speed wireless transmission, the base band signal can be transmitted
directly.
But when the data has to travel in a noisy atmosphere, we have to employ some
features such as pulse shaping, line coding. This task is performed by Base-band
processor.
Now, for high-speed transmission, the digital data is modulated with the help of a
high frequency carrier just like in case of analog transmission. The base-band
modulator performs this task.
7. Channel :
The communication channel is the media via which the signal is transmitted from
the transmitting end to the receiving end. It is the part of model at which maximum
noise is added to the signal.
8. Base-band Decoder/ Base-band Demodulator:
The base-band decoder is used to recover the original data from the pulse shaped or
line coded data.
9. Channel Decoder:
The channel decoder, after detecting the sequence, does some error corrections.
During the transmission, the signal might get distorted. This is corrected by adding
some redundant bits to the signal. This addition of bits helps in the complete recovery
of the original signal.
10. Source Decoder:
The resultant signal is once again digitized by sampling and quantizing so that the
pure digital output is obtained without the loss of information. The source decoder
recreates the source output.
11. Deformatter :
The deformatter converts the digital data into analog signal.
12. Output Transducer :
This is the last block which converts the signal into the original physical form, which
was at the input of the transmitter. It converts the electrical signal into physical
output for example: loud speaker.
13. Output Signal :
This is the output which is produced after the whole process.

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