TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

before doing this topic)

(t is Bdvisable to first do Chapter 6on Functions
COSINE FUNCTIONS
THE GRAPHS OF THE BASIC SINE AND
functions y= sin 9and y=cos0
In this section, we willdiscuss the graphs of the basic
acos0+q.
then introduce the functions y = asin 0+q and y =
Consider y= sin0
corresponding y-values.
The following table contains specific values of 0 and the
0,5.
Por example, if 0 =30°, then y =sin 30° =
30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 135° 150° 180°
(0°
0,7 0,9 1 0,9 0,7 0,5
y= sin ) 0,5
270° 300° 315° 330° 360°
210° 2250 240°
-1 -0,9 -0,7 -0,5 0
y= sin9 -0,5 -0,7 -0,9
axis and the values of yon the vertical
We can represent the values of0 on the horizontal
axis and then draw the graph of y= sin0.

1.2

0,2
120 180 210 240° 270° 300° 330° K60
60 150

-06
-08
-1
-12

The graph of y =sin9 has the following characteristics:

(a) The maxímum value is 1and the minimum value is -1.

(b) The range is ye [-1;1]

(c) The amplitude of agraph is defined to be [distance between max and min value

For thegraph of y =sin 9, he amplitude is 1-(-)]=1

86
 (d) If we increase the values of 0, the graph of y = sin9 will repeat its basic shape over
360 intervals. Let's draw the graph for the interval 0e[0°;720°1.
Please note that we are dealing with angles that are greater than 360°. These types of
angles will be explained in more detail in Grade 11.
1.2

0,8

0,6
0,4
0,21

96 60 90° 120° 150 18°210°240° 270° 300 36 0390420° 450 480 s10° 50 s70 600 630° 660° 690 20
0,2

0,4
0,6

-0,8

-1,2

We say that the period of the graph of y =sin 9 is 360°. The graph of y=sin0 is
therefore cyclical in nature and repeats its basic shape every 360°.

Consider y= cos0
The following table contains specific values of 0 and the corresponding y-values.
0° 30° 45° 600 90° 120° 135° 150° 180°
y= cos0 1 0,9 0,7 0,5 0 -0,5 -0,7 -0,9 -1

210° 225° 240° 270° 300° 315° 330° 360°

y= cos -0,9 -0,7 -0,5 0 0,5 0,7 0,9

We can represent thevalues of 0 on the horizontal axis and the values of y on the vertical
axis and then draw the graph ofy = cos 0.

1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
2400 300 330° 360
30° 60 9R 120 150° 180° 210
-0,2
-0,4
-0,6
-0,8
-1
-1,2

87
The graph of y= cos has the following characteristics:
(a) The maximum value is 1and the minimum value is -L
(b) The range is ye(-1;1]
(c) The amplitude of agraph is defined to be , |distance between max and min valel
For the graph of y=cos0, the amplitude is 1l-(-9]=1
(d) If we increase the values of 0, the graph ofy= cos0 will repeat its basic
Qver 360° intervals. Let's draw the graph for the interval e [0°: 720°1 shape
1,2
1

0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2

30° 60° 9 120°150° 180° 210°240°7ho 300° 330° 360°990°4204480° si0° s40 s70 a00
- 0,2
-0,4
-0,6

-0,8
-1
-1,2

We say that the period of the graph of y=cos0 is 360°. The graph of y= cos is
therefore cyclical in nature and repeats its basic shape every 360°.
SINE AND COSINE GRAPHS INVOLVING CHANGES IN AMPLITUDE
EXAMPLE 19
Sketch the graphs of y = 2sin0 and y=4cos 0 for e [0° 360°1.
Solution

Select afew values for , caleulate the corresponding y-values and then draw the graphs.
y=2sin0 For =0° y=2sin 0° = 0
For 9=90° y=2in 90° =2
For =180° y=2 sin180° =0
For =270° y=2 sin 270° =2
For =360° y= 2sin 360° =0
y=4cos 9 For =0° y=4cos 0° =4
For =90° y=4 cos 90° =0
For =180° y= 4cos180° = -4
For =270° y=4 cos 270° =0
For =360° y= 4cos 360°=4

88
 y=2sin 0
2

1
y=sin 0

270°

Notice that the graph of y= 2sin 0 is a vertical stretch of the basic graph y = sin 0 by a
factor of 2.
The maximum value is 2 and the minimum value is -2 and the range is ye(-2;2].

The amplitude of thegraph of y=2sin Bis2--2)]=2

2
and the period is 360°.
This vertical stretch of the graph of y =sin 0 is called an amplitude shift.
The number 2 in the equation y =2sin 0 tells us what the amplitude of the graph is.

180°
-1
y= cos0
-2

y=4cos

Notice that the graph of y=4 cos 0 is a vertical stretch of the basic graph y =cos 0 by a
factor of 4.
The maximum value is 4and the minimum value is -4 and the range is ye[-4;4].
The amplitude of the graph of y = 2sin 0 is [2-(-2)]=2 and the period is 360°.
1ns verticalstretch of the graph of y = cos 0 is called an amplitude shift.
The number 4in the equation y= 4cos 0 tells us what the amplitude of the graph is.

89
 EXAMPLE 20
360°].
Sketch the graph of y=-3 sin 0 for the interval e [0°
Solution
As with the graphs of other functions (See Chapter 6), the negative sign indicates a
reflection in the horizontal axis.
All you need to do is first drawthe basic graph of y=sin 0, stretch this graph vertically by a
factor of 3 and then reflect this graph in the horizontal axis to obtain the graph of
y=-3sin0.

y=3sin 0
3

y=sin 0

270
-1

3
y=-3 sin 9

Note:

The amplitude of the graph of y=-3sin is: 3-3)]=3.

Therefore, in the equation y =-3sin 0, the number 3 tells us that the amplitude is 3and the
negative sign indicates a reflection in the horizontal axis.

EXERCISE 10
(a Given: y=3sin 0 and y =-2sin 0
(1) Sketch the graphs on the same set of axes for e [0°;360°].
(2) Write down the maximum and minimum values for each graph.
(3) Write down the range, amplitude and period for each graph.
Given: y= 2cos0 and y =-3cos 0
(1) Sketch the graphs on the same set of axesfor e [0°;360°].
(2) Write down the maximum and minimum values for each graph.
(3) Write down the range, amplitude and period for each graph.
(c) Given: y=cos0
2
and y =-sin 0
(1) Sketch the graphs on the same set of axes for e [0°; 360°] .
(2) Write down the maximum and minimum values for each graph.
(3) Write down the range, amplitude and period for each graph.

90
SINE AND COSINE GRAPHS INVOLVING VERTICAL SHIFTS
EXAMPILE 21
Sketch the graph ofy=sin 0+l and y =- cos9-1 for 0e [0° 360°1.
Solution

The graph of y=sin 8+l is the graph of y =sin shiftedl unit up. The graph is shown
below.

y=sin 0+1
2

y= sin0

180 270°

The maximum value is 2 and the minimum value is 0. The range is ye [0;2].
The amplitude is 2-0]=1 and the period is 360°.
The graph of y=-cos 0 -1 is the graph of y = cos reflected in the x-axis and then shifted
lunit down. The graph is shown below.

y= cos
1

180

y=-cos 0

y=-cos0-1

The maximum value is 0and the minimum value is -2. The range is ye-2;0].

The amplitude is 10-(-2)) =1 and the period is 360°.

91
 EXERCISE I|
y=cos 0-1
(a) Given: =sin0+2 and for e [0°:360o
Sketch the graphs on the same set of axesva
() maximum and minimum values for each graph.
(2) Write down the amplitude and period for each graph.
(3) Write down the range,
y-cos 0+3andy=-sin0-2
(6) Given:
the graphs on the same set of axes for e [0°: 360°)
() Sketch minimum values for each graph.
Write down the maximum and graph
(2)
down the range, amplitude and period for each
(3) Write
y=-3 cos -1
(c) Given: y=2sin0+4 and set of axes for 8e [0°;270°1
the graphs on the same
(1) Sketch maximum and minimum
values for each
(2) Write down the
amplitude and period for each graphgraph.
(3) Write down the range,
FUNCTION
THE GRAPHOF THE TANGENT
Consider y= tan 0
values of 0 and the corresponding y-values.
The following table contains specific
890 90° 91° 120° 135° 150° 180°
45° 60
0° 30° -57,2 -1,7 -1 -0,6 0
57,2 error
tan 9 0 0,6 1 1,7

225° 240° 269° 270° 271° 300° 315° 330° 360°

210° -1,7 -1 -0,6
error
0,6 1 1,7 57.2 error
tan 0

horizontal axis and the values of yon the vertical

We can represent the values of 0 on the
axis and then draw the graph of y= tan 0.
0=270°
=90°
y= tan ,
4

1
(45°;1) (225°; 1);
225° 270° 315° 3600
45° 90° 135° 180°

(135°;1) (315°;-1)
-2

-3

The graph of y = tan 0 has the following characteristics:

(a) The graph has no maximum value, no minimum value and hence no amplitude.
(b) The range is ye (-;co)

92
(c) The points (45°;1), (135°; -1), (225°;1) and (315°;-1) may be referred to as the
eritical points on the basic graph y = tan 0. The points are useful when sketching
tan graphs involving vertical stretches, reflections in the x-axis and vertical shifts.
(d) As the values of 6approach 90° from the left., the values of y tend towards
to,
At 90°, the y-value is undefined. This means that the curve moves upwards and
never cuts or touches the line =90°. As the values of 0 approach 90° from the
right. the values of ytend towards -oo, The curve moves downwards and never cuts
or touches the line =90°.
An asymptote is a vertical line that a graph approaches but never touches. Therefore,
the line x=90° is an asymptote of the graph of y = tan 0.
All of this applies to 270°. The line =270° is therefore also an asymptote.

(e) If we start at -90° and then increase the values of 0, it is possible to get an idea of
how the graph of y =F tan0 repeats its basic shape over 180° intervals. Let's draw
the graph for the interval e (-90°; 8109) .
Please note that we are dealing with angles that are negative. These types of
angles willbe explained in more detail in Grade 11.
:0=90° :0=270 :0=450° 0=630° 9=810°

180 3609 540 720

90° 90° 270°:1 450° 630°: 810%

-2
3

We say that the period of the graph ofy = tan 0 is 180°. The graph of y = tan is
therefore cyclical in nature and repeats its basic shape every 180°.
The graph cuts the horizontal axis at =0°+k.180° where k represents integer
values, In other words, every 180° starting from 0° in anegative and positive
direction.
For example, the graph cuts the horizontal axis at:
=0°+(1), 180° =180° 0=0°+(2).180° = 360°
0=0°+(3),180° = 540° 0=0°+(4).180° = 720°
There are asymptotes at =90°+ k.180° where k represents integer values.
For example, the graph has asymptotes at:
8=90°+(-).180° =-90° 0=90°+ (0).180°= 90°
8=90°+(1).180° = 270° 0=90°+ (2).180° = 450°

93
 EXAMPLE 22
Sketch the graph ofy=-2 tan 0for the interval e [0°; 270°).
Solution
First draw the graph of y =2tan 0 by vertically stretching the graph of y =t=tan by a
of 2. The y-values of the critical points of y= tan are multiplied by 2to formfactor the
following new points on the graph of"y = 2 tan 0:
(45°;2), (135°; -2), (225°;2)
The graph of y =-2 tan 0 is then formed by reflecting y =2 tan in the x-axis.
The signs of the y-values of the critical points of y = 2tan now become:
(45°;-2), (135°; 2), (225°; -2)
The asymptotes of this graph remain the same as well as the x-intercepts.
Now plot the critical points, x-intercepts and asymptotes for y =-2 tan 0 and restrict the
graph in the interval e [0°;270°). The graph is shown below.
9=90° 0=270°

4 y=2tan 0
3
(45°; 2) (225°; 2)
2
y=tan 0

45° 90° 135° 225° 270°

-1
-2
y=-2tan 9 (135°; -2)
-3
4

-5

The period of y = -2 tan is 180° and the asymptotes are =90° and 0=270°.
EXERCISE 12
(a) Sketch the graph ofy=-tan 0 for the interval e [0°;360°]
(b) Sketch the graph ofy=3 tan 0 for the interval e [0°; 360°]
(c) Sketch the graph of y=- tan 0for the interval e [0°; 270°]
(d) Sketch the graph of y= tan 0 +1for the interval e [0°;360°]
(e) Sketch the graph of y=tan -2 for the interval 0e [90°; 360°]
() Sketch the graph y=-2tan 0-1 for the interval 0e [0°;360°] (

(g) Given: y=2taD 0and y =-3sin -3

(1) Sketch the graphs on the same set of axes for Oe [0°; 270°].
(2) Write down the period for each graph.

94
 Summary of the trigonometric functions

For graphs of the fornm y =asin xtq and y= acos x+tq:

The value of a(ignoring negativesigns) represents the vertical stretch of the graph as well
as the amplitude.
Ifaisnegative, then there is a reflection in the x-axis.
The value ofq represents a vertical shift of the graph y =sin xor y =cosx up or down.
The period of thesegraphs is 360°.
Eor eraphs of the form y =a tan x +q :
The valueof a(ignoring negative signs) represents a vertical stretch of the graph y =tan x
from the x-axis. The criticalpoints for y =atan xare
(45°; a), (135°; -a), (225°; a) and (315°; -a)
Ifais negative, then there is a reflection in the x-axis.
The value of qrepresents a vertical shift of the graph y = tanx up or down.
The equations of the asymptotes are x=90°+ k.180° where krepresents integer values.
The x-intercepts are at the points (0° +k.180° ;0) where krepresents integer values.
The period of these graphs is 180°.

EINDING THE EOUATION OF AGIVEN TRIGONOMETRIC GRAPH

EXAMPLE 23
In the diagram below, the graphs of y=f(x) = asin x+q and y =g(x) =mcos x+n are
shown for thedomain xe [0°; 360°].

(270°;3)

2
(360°;1)

180° 270° 360°

90°
(360°; -1)
(90°;-1)
-2

(180°;-3)

Note: The variablexin the equations may also be used to represent the angles.
(a) Write down the amplitude and range of f.
(b) Write down the amplitude and range of g.
(c) Determine the values of a and q.
(d) Determine the values of m and n.

Solutions
(a) Forf: Amplitude: 2 Range: ye[-1;3]
(b) For g: Amplitude: 1 Range: ye [-3;-1]

95
 Substitute two points on the graph into the equation y=asin x +q and solve
simultaneously.
(90°;-): -l= asin 90° +q (270°;3): 3= asin 270° +q
-1=a(l) +q .:.3= a(-1) +q
-l=atq
:.3=-atq
atq=-1 (A)
-atq=3 (B)
2q =2 (A)+ (B)
q=l
.a+l=
.a=-2

Here is a quicker method:

Use the following formulae to determine the positive value of a and the value of g in
the equations of y = asin x+ q or y=a COS X+q:
1
la=Imax-min lg=[max+
2
min]

(this is the amplitude)

The given sine graph involves a reflection in the xr-axis.
.".a=-2

Notice the transformations of y= sin x into y=-2 sin x +1

y=2sinx y=-2sinx+1
2

y= Sinx
90° 270°
-1

-2
y=-2sinx

(d) Substitute two points on the graph into the equation y=mcosxtn and solve
simultaneously:
(180°;-3) : -3=mcos180° +n (360°; -1) : -1=mcos 360° +n
-3=m(-1) +n :-l=m(l) +n
.".-3=-m+n ..-1=m+n

96
 -m+n=-3 (A)
m+n=-1 (B)
.2n=4 (A)+ (B)

m+(-2) = -1
.m=1

Alternatively:

1
a=[max-min]

Notice the transformations ofy= cosx into y = cos x-2

y=COSx

90 180° 2700 360

-2
y= cos x-2

EXERCISE 13
(a In the diagram below, the graphs of y =f()=acos x+q and y = g()=msin x+n
are shown for the domain xe [0°; 360°].

(360°;2)
y=acosx +q

270° 360°
90° (180°;0)

y=msinx+n
(90°;-2)

(1) Write down the amplitude and range of f.

(2) Write down the amplitude and range of g.
(3) Determine the values of a and q.
(4) Determine the values of mand n.

97
(b) In the diagram below, the graphs of y=f) =asin x+ q and yg() =mcouNhn
are shown for the domain xe(0°;360°).
(180°: 3)

90 180°
(360";-)
(360°;-2)
(90;-3)

(1) Write down the range, amplitude and period of f.

(2) Write down the range, amplitude and period of g.
(3) Determine the values of a and q
4 Determine the values of m and n.

(c) In the diagram below, the graphs of two trigonometric functions are shown.
(180°;4)

(45°;2)

45° 90 135° 180° 2250 270°:

135;-2)

(1) Determine the equations of the two graphs.

(2) Write down the range, amplitude and period of each graph, where possible.

The following exercise includes graph interpretation and the graphical interpretation of
inequalities dealt with in Chapter 6.

98
 EXERCISE 14
(a) The diagram below represents the graphs of f(r) = 2cosx and g(x) =-cosx for
the interval xe [0°;360°].

E
B

(1) Determine the lengths of OA and OB.

(2) Determine the length of CD.
(3) Determine the length of EF if OE =315°,
(4) Determine graphically the values of xe [0°;360°] for which:
f(r) =0 (ii) g() =0
(iii) f ) =2 (iv) g(1) =-1
(v) f ) <0 (vi) g(r)s0
(vi) f() > g() (viii) gr) >f(r)
(5) Calculate the value ofx for which f(r) =1 in the interval xe [0° ;90°].
(6) For which valuesofx is the graph of f(r)=2 cos x increasing?
(7) For which valuesofx is the graph of g(r)=-cos x decreasing?
(8) For which values of k willthe graph of y =-cosx+ k not cut the x-axis?
(9) For which values of t willthe graph of y =2cos x +t touch the x-axis in one
point only?
(b) Sketch the graphs of y=f() =- tanx and y=g() =tan x+2 for xe |0°;270°]
on the same setof axes and then answer the questions that follow.
(1) Calculate f(45°) -g(45°)
(2) For which values of x is g(r) =f(r) ?
(3) For which values of xis g(r) >f()?
(4) For which values of x g)-f(x) =2?
(©) Sketchthe graphs of y=f() =sinx and y=g(r) =cos x+1 for xe |0°; 360|
on the same set of axes and then answer the questions that follow.
(1) For which values of xis f() =g(r)?
(2) For which values of xis g(r) >f(x) ?
(3) For which values ofx is f(r) 0?
(4) For which values ofx is g(x) >0?
(6) For which values of xis g(r)-f(r) =2?
(6) For which values of xis f(r).g() >0?

99
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE 10

(a) (1) 4

3 y=-2sin 0
2

1
270° s60
90
-1

-2 =3sin9
-3

-4

max =3 min=-3
(2) y=3sin 0:
max = 2 min=-2
y=-2sin 0:
range: yE[-3;3] amplitude =3 period=360°
(3) y=3sin 9:
y=-2sin0: range: ye[-2;2] amplitude =2 period= 360°

(b) (1)

3
y=-3cos
2

180° 360°
-1

-2 y=2cos0
-3

(2) y=2 cos 0: max =2 min=-2

y=-3cos 0: max=3 min=-3

(3) y=2 cos0: range: ye[-2;2] amplitude =2 period =360°

y=-3cos 0: range: ye[-3;3] amplitude =3 period= 360°

65
 (c) (1)

1
y=-cos 0

90 180 270° 360°

y=-sin0
((80;-4)
-2

1 1 1
(2) y=oos
2
0: max=
2
min=
2
y=-sin0: max =1 min =-1

1
(3) y=, cos 0: range: amplitude =
2
period= 360°
y=-sin 0: range: ye[-1;1] amplitude=1 period=360°

EXERCISE 11

(a) (1)
4

3
y= sin 9+2
2

90 180° 270 360°

-

-2
y= cos0-1
-3

-4

(2) y= sin 0+2: max =3 min=1

y= cos0-1: max= 0 min=-2

(3) y=sin0 +2: range: ye [1;3] amplitude =1 period =360°

y=cos0-1: range: ye[-2; 0] amplitude =1 period =360°

66
 (b) (1)
y=-cos +3
4
3
2
1

90° 180° 270°

-1 360°
-2
-3
y=-sin 9-2

(2) y=-cos 0+3: max = 4 min= 2

y=-sin0 -2: max=-1 min=-3

(3) y=-cos 0 +3: range: ye [2;4] amplitude =1 period =360°

y=-sin -2: range: ye[-3; -1] amplitude = 1 period= 360°
(c) (1)
y=2sin+4
6
5
4
3
2
1
99
180° 70
-1
-2 yE-3cos -1
-3
-4
5

(2) y=2sin0 +4: max =6 min= 2

y=-3cos 0 -1: max=2 min =4

(3) y=2 sin 0+4: range: ye [2;6] amplitude =2 period= 360°

y=-3cos 0 -1: range: ye[4;2] amplitude = 3 period= 360°

67
 EXERCSE 12
0-90° =270°
a

V-tan

(135°:1) (315°;1)

3600
1350 180 225° 240° 315°

(45°;-) (225°;-1)
-2

=90°
(b) -270°

3
(45°;3) (225°;3):
2
y=3tan 9
1
6

135° 180° 315 360

45 225° 210°
-1
-2
3150;3)
-3 (135°; -3)
-4
-5

(c 9=90°
0=270°:
1
y=t-tan 9

1
(135°;)
135° 180 225°
45

-1
25

68
(d) 0=90° 0-270°
4
3
V= tan 0+1
2
T(45°;2) (225°;2
1
(U35°;0) (315°;0)
135° 180 225° 210° 315
-1 360
-2
-31
-4
-5

0=90° 0=270°
(e)
y= tan02
1

45° 90°: 135° 180° 225° 270°: 315°

(135°;-1) : 360°
(135°;-3) (180°;-2)
(315°;-3)

() 9=90° .0=270°

y=-2 tan 9 -1
3
2
(135°;1) (315°;1)

45° 135° 180 ° 225° 20° 315° 360

-2
45°;-3): (225° ; )
-31
-4
-5
6

69
(2) ()
y=2tan0 0=90 -270°

3
2 (450:2) (2250: 2)
45 135° 180 2280 220°

-3
(135°;-2)
-4
-5
-6
-7
y=-3sin93

(2) Period of y = 2 tan 0 is 180°

Period ofy=-3 sin 03 is 360°
EXERCISE 13

(a) (1) f)=a cos x+q: Amplitude =1 Range is ye [0; 2]

(2) g(x) =msin x+n Amplitude = 2 Range is ye[-2;2]

(3) y=acos x+q

.:.0=acos 180° + q 2=acos 360° +q
.:.0=-atq .:.2= atq

-atq=0 (A)
atq=2 (B)
:2q =2
q=1
..a+1=2
..a=1

y=msin x +n y=msin x+n

(4)
..-2=m sin 90° +n .:.0= msin 180° +n
..-2= m +n .". n=0

..-2 = m+0
.. m=-2

70
 (b) (1) fr)=asin x+q:
Range is ye[-3; -1] Amplitude =1
(2) g)=mcos Itn
Period= 360
Range is ye[-1;3] Amplitude =2
Period= 360°
(3) y=asin x+q y=asin tg
..-3=asin 90° +q -2=asin 360° +q
:.-3=a(l) +q ..2 = a(0) +q
.:.-3=atq .i.q=-2
..-3=a-2
..a=-1

(4) y=mcos x+n y= mcOS x+n

..3=mcos 180° +n ..-1=mcos 360° +n
:.3= m(-1l) +n ..-1= m(1) +n
.:3=-m +n ..-1=n +n
m+n=-1 (A)
-m +n=3 (B)
:.2n =2
..n=1
..m+1=-1
.. m=-2

(c) (1) y=2tanx for xe [0°;270°)

y=-3cos xtl for xe[0°; 270°]
(2) y=2tan x:
Range is ye (-oo; oo) No Amplitude Period= 180°
y=-3cosx+1
Range is ye[-2;4] Amplitude=3 Period =360°
EXERCISE 14

(a) (1) OA =2 units OB =1 unit

(2) CD=-cos x-2 cos x

X=180°
CD=-cos 180° - 2cos180°=3 units
(3) x=315°
..y =2 cos 315º =W2
:. EF = V2 units
(4) () 90°; 270° (ii) 90°.270°
(iii) 0°; 360° (iv) 0°:360°
(v) 90° <x< 270 (vi) 0°<x<90°: 270°r<360°
(vii) 0°<x<90°; 270°<x<360° (viii) 90°<x< 270°

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 (5) 2cos x=1 (6) 180° <x<360°
1
.cOSX =
X=60°

(7) 180° <x<360° (8) k<-l or k>l (9) =2

X=90°: x=270°

J= tanx+ 2
4
3
(45°;3) (180;2)
(135°;)

on 1350 180 225 2?0°

(450;-1) (225°; -I)
-2
-3
-4 y-tan x
-5

(1) f(4°) -g(45°)=-1-3=-4 (2) x=135°

(3) 0°<x<90°; 135°<r< 270° (4) x=0°: x=180°

(c)
3

y=cosx+1
2

90° 180 270 360°

-1 y=Sinx

(1) x=90°: x=180° (2) 0°sr<90°: 180° <r<360°

(3) 180°<x<360° (4) 0°<r<360°; x180°

(5) x= 0° x=360° (6) 0°<x<180°: x=360°

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