A GSM BASED LASER LIGHT SECURITY SYSTEM

Presentation by:

1. Calvins Were CCT/00015/020

2. Dennis Kimatu CI/00126/018

Intrusion Detection Design

Introduction

The GSM based laser light security system will typically use laser beams to create a
perimeter or barrier, and when these beams are interrupted or tampered with, it will
trigger an alarm and a security response. These systems are to be used in high-security
applications, such as protecting sensitive areas or assets.

This write-up will cover how the product is realized from the technical specifications,
what parts are needed, how these parts are synthesized to work as a system, and hence
derive a design circuit diagram that will be used for implementation.

From the technical specification, there are three key components that will be used in the
design as listed below.

1. Microcontroller/Control Unit (Arduino Uno).

2. Infrared laser module (Has both emitter and receiver modules).
3. Buzzer and LED (For Alerts).

Other components that will be used in support of the main components for optimal
operation are:

1. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – For real-time monitoring.

2. Potentiometer – To adjust contrast of the LCD.
3. Resistor – To limit the amount of current flowing through the LED, preventing the
LED from blowing out.
4. Jumper wires – To interconnect the components/prototype and supply current
throughout the system.

Next is how the key components work, and how they will be connected to produce the
desired functionality.
Brief Overview of the functionalities of the key components.

The Infrared laser module will be of use in the project to detect any form of intrusion.
The module has both the emitter and receiver of the beams such that if the beams are
tampered with, it sends signals to the microcontroller which raises an alarm.

The infrared laser module has three pins.

• The VCC pin.

• The Ground pin.
• The Output pin.

The Arduino Uno is a versatile open-source microcontroller board equipped with a 16 MHz
ATmega328P microcontroller. Versatile in the sense that it can be used for a wide range
of projects and applications. It features a total of 27 pins as broken down below:

• 14 digital input/output pins (D0 to D13).

• 6 analog input pins that can also be used as digital pins (A0 to A5) allowing for
connectivity with a variety of sensors and actuators.
• 3 Power Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND).
• A reset pin for resetting the microcontroller.
• TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive) Pins: Used for serial communication with other
devices.
• External Interrupt Pins (2 and 3), Pins that can be configured to trigger an
interruption on a specific event.

The board can be easily programmed and powered through a USB connection, and it
supports a wide range of power sources, from 7 to 20 volts. Its simplicity, USB interface,
and compatibility with the Arduino IDE make it a popular choice for Do It Yourself (DIY)
electronics projects, offering an accessible platform for both beginners and experienced
users in fields such as robotics, home automation, and education.

The buzzer or alarm will provide an audible alert when an intrusion is detected. A loud and
distinctive buzzer sound can be activated when the sensor is triggered, immediately
alerting occupants or security personnel to the potential intrusion. A distinctive and
continuous buzzer sound can signal an emergency, prompting immediate attention.

Indicator LEDs can be used to visually signal the activation of the alarm system. Silent
alarms or discreet modes can be indicated by specific LED patterns, allowing users to
activate alarms without immediately triggering audible alerts. LEDs can be programmed to
flash rapidly or change colors to indicate an emergency, prompting a rapid response from
occupants or authorities.
Circuit Connection/Wiring and Programming Code

The Arduino uno microcontroller is the brain and the central processing unit of the
project. The sensor (Infrared laser module) monitors its environment while communicating
with the central processing unit, such that if any interruption occurs, the Arduino uno then
sends signals to the buzzer and LEDs for alerts. Otherwise, the system remains in an
armed state.

1. Infrared sensor module connectivity with the Arduino uno.

The VCC pin of the Infrared laser module will be connected to a Power source (+ve).

The Ground pin of the Infrared laser module will be connected to Ground source (-ve).

The Output Pin of the Infrared laser module will be connected to pin D2 of the Arduino
uno. Pin D2 will be responsible for receiving signals from the infrared sensor and
interpreting them to produce an output.

2. The Buzzer’s connectivity with the Arduino Uno

The positive pin of the buzzer will be connected to Pin D4 of the Arduino Uno while the
negative pin will be connected to a ground terminal. Pin D4 is responsible for sending an
output signal to the buzzer in case of interruption of the Infrared laser module. That
means that incase of intrusion, Pin D4 turns to logic state 1 (HIGH) and remains 0 (LOW),
otherwise.

3. The LEDs connectivity with the Arduino Uno

The positive pin of the LED will be connected to a resistor to reduce the amount of
current flow and shall be connected to pin D3 of the Arduino uno. The ground pin of the
LED shall be connected to a ground terminal. In case of intrusion, pin D3 turns to logic
state 1 (HIGH), and remains 0 (LOW), otherwise.

4. The LCD connectivity with the Arduino Uno

To begin with, the VSS and RW pins of the LCD will be connected to a ground terminal.
The RW bit tells the LCD whether we wish to read from or write from the RAM, which is
not our case. The VSS is a source power supply which is connected to zero/ground when we
have a single power supply.

The Register Select (RS) pin of the LCD is connected to pin D8 of the Arduino uno. The RS
(Data/Instruction select) bit tells the LCD whether we are going to send an instruction or
a piece of data.
The Enable (E) pin of the LCD is connected to pin D9 of the Arduino uno. The E (enable)
bit tells the LCD when it should read the data lines.

The VDD pin of the LCD is connected to a positive power supply terminal.

Pins D4, D5, D6, and D7 of the LCD are connected to pins D10, D11, D12, and D13 of the
Arduino uno respectively. These pins will be used to address the characters to be
displayed. For example, “NO INTRUSION”, “WARNING, SOMEBODY THERE!”.

5. The Potentiometer connectivity with the LCD

A potentiometer will be used to control the contrast of the LCD. The potentiometer has
three pins; Two outside pins (Power pin and the Ground pin) which will be connected to
power and ground terminals respectively, and one inside pin which will be connected to the
VEE pin of the LCD to control its contrast.

The Programming code to control the Arduino Uno

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// Initialize the LiquidCrystal library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);

// Define pin numbers

int irPin = 2; // IR sensor pin
int LED = 3; // LED pin
int buzzerPin = 4; // Buzzer pin

int sensorOut = LOW; // Variable to store sensor output state (initialize as LOW)

void setup () {

lcd.begin (16, 2); // Set up the LCD's number of columns and rows.

// Set pin modes

pinMode (irPin, INPUT); // Set IR pin as input
pinMode (LED, OUTPUT); // Set LED pin as output
pinMode (buzzerPin, OUTPUT); // Set buzzer pin as output

// Begin serial communication for debugging

Serial.begin (9600);
}
void loop () {
// Read the state of the IR sensor
sensorOut = digitalRead (irPin);

// Check if there is no intrusion

if (sensorOut == LOW)
{
Serial.println ("No Intrusion!");
lcd.clear ();
lcd.print ("No Intrusion!");

// Turn off LED and buzzer

digitalWrite (LED, LOW);
digitalWrite (buzzerPin, LOW);
}

else

{ // Intrusion detected.
Serial.println ("Somebody there!");
lcd.clear ();
lcd.print ("Warning!");
lcd.setCursor (0, 1);
lcd.print ("Somebody there!");

// Turn on LED and buzzer

digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite (buzzerPin, HIGH);
}

delay(200); // Delay to avoid rapid readings and enhance stability.

}

Conclusion

In conclusion, the intrusion detection part in the system is a crucial design stage as it is
the primary building stone for the project. Having the discussed descriptions in mind, we
will have covered the design phase of the project, have our verification/simulation at hand,
and ready to implement the prototype for our final product. A clear pictorial design of the
circuit is attached to this write up.