INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
I. Human Intelligence and its type?
II. What is Artificial Intelligence and its History?
III. Applications of AI
IV. Human Intelligence Vs Artificial Intelligence
V. Programming with AI and Programming without AI
VI. FIELDS of AI
VII. DOMAINS of AI
VIII. Advantages (Pros) and Disadvantages (Cons) of AI
IX. AI POSSIBILITIES
X. AI ETHICS: AI Bias, AI Access

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
Humans developed machines to make their lives easier to accomplish tasks which are too tedious or are time
consuming. Therefore, humans put efforts in making the machines more sophisticated and smart.
Q) Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.

Ans) Mobile phones, TV, Fridge, Air-conditioner

Human Intelligence is defined in terms of :

1. Ability to observe, recognize and understand
2. Ability to make ‘smart’ decisions and solve problems
3. Ability to learn and increase knowledge
The concept of MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES is a theory proposed by Harvard
psychologist Howard Gardner.
There are mainly 9 types of Intelligence seen in human beings:-
1. Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical symbols,
abstraction and logic.
2. Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or implementation in writing or
speech.
3. Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of one
object to another.
4. Bodily and Kinaesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled manner.
5. Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to recognize and create
sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting from realizing weakness,
strength, to recognizing his own feelings.
7. Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and spiritual awareness.
8. Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to process information on the
environment around us.
9. Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with others by understanding
other people's feelings and the influence of the person.

What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence is formed by combining the two words artificial and intelligence.
a. Artificial – Artificial refers to something created or produced by humans rather than existing naturally
b. Intelligence – The ability to acquire and use knowledge and skills is referred to as intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence Definition
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as thinking, perceiving, learning,
problem solving, and decision making. It is based on how individuals use their brains to observe, learn, figure out,
and make decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science that aims to build
machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
History of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence formally founded in 1956, when the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined at a conference at
Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The phrase “artificial intelligence” was created by John McCarthy,
who also hosted the first AI conference.
1. 1956 – Birth of AI Dartmouth Conference
2. 1966 – First Chatbot “ELIZA”
3. 1972 – First Intelligence “Robot WABOT – 1”
4. 1974 – 1980 : First AI winer1980 : Expert System
5. 1987 – 1993 : Second AI Winer
6. 1997 – IBM Deep blue “First computer to beat a world chess champion”
7. 2002 – AI in Home “Roomba”
8. 2011 – IBM Watson “Wins a Quiz show”
9. 2012 – Google Introduce AI in there application
10.2014 – Chatbot Eugene Goostman “Wines a Turing test
11.2015 – Amazon Echo

Q) How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

Ans) When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits i.e. make decisions, predict the future, learn and
improve on its own by collecting data, understand it, analyze it, learn from it and improve it, it is said to have
Artificial Intelligence. Machines become intelligent once they are trained with data and algorithm .
Q) Mention some examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smart phones.
Ans)
Phone Smart Lock Shopping websites
• (Visitor browses
E-commerce
site)
• (Add products to
Cart)
• (Orders Online)
• (Pays Online)

Snapchat filter / Beauty filters Face Detection

Email SPAM filter Google Maps

Emotions recognition YouTube recommendations

Google assistant image detection

Netflix or amazon or Flipkart recommendations Voice assistants

Whatsapp-meta.ai AI in mobile games

 APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AROUND US:

a. Google Search Engine:

With the help of AI, Google Search Engines, turned into intelligent search, producing direct answers. It uses voice and image searches and
incorporated deep learning to fasten the searches with more accuracy.
b. Voice assistant:
AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user. NLP has capabilities like “Speech-to-Text” convert the natural
language of the user into text for further processing. Digital assistants improve its performance over time.
c. E-commerce website:
With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by recording the data of previous purchases, searched products,
and online browsing habits.
d. Navigate to Places:
To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps exist. Thus, one no longer needs to stop to ask for directions.
e. Improved Gaming Experience:
AI has changed the world of gaming by making the game more intelligent with enhanced graphics, providing the ability to learn using
machine learning algorithms. Games, understand human patterns and give responses to new difficulty levels. AI can adapt to your playing
style by making the game more exciting.
f. Platforms that provide recommendations:
Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us recommendations on the basis of what we like. They even cater to needs of
connecting with friends on social media platforms with apps like Facebook & Instagram. They also send us customized notifications about
our online shopping details, auto-create playlists as per our requests and so on. Taking selfies with Snapchat filters are all possible now.
g. Monitor Health:
AI is also being used to monitor our health. Chatbots and other health apps are available, which continuously monitor the physical and
mental health of its users. The humanoids like Sophia, to get citizenship, b-iometric security systems like the face locks in phones, real-time
language translators, weather forecasts, all use AI.

APPLICATIONS OF AI
¬ Healthcare - disease mapping and prediction tools, robotic surgeries
Transportation – self parking cars, crewless cargo ships
¬ Agriculture - drone robots for intelligent spraying , automatic weeding
¬ Education – automated assessments, ease admin tasks
¬ e-Commerce – conversational chatbots, recommendation systems
¬ Entertainment - song / TV show recommendations, robo-waiters
¬ Automotive – driverless car/ self-driving cars
¬ Social Media – monitoring tools for dangerous content or false news
¬ Security – bomb diffusion and surveillance
¬ Finance – robo-advisers for stock trading
¬ Gaming - Watson, a quiz playing computer, tournaments where robots are trained to compete
¬ Astronomy – planet hunting, capturing new stars etc.
 PROGRAMMING WITH AI PROGRAMMING WITHOUT AI
A computer program with AI can answer the generic A computer program without AI can answer
questions it is meant to solve. the specific questions it is meant to solve.
AI programs can absorb new modifications by putting highly
independent pieces of information together. Hence, one can Modification in the program leads to change in its
modify even a minute piece of information of program structure.
without affecting its structure.
Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead to
Quick and easy program modification.
affecting the program adversely

FIELDS OF AI
 DOMAINS OF AI

Data Computer Vision Natural Language Processing

Gamified tools for each domain- Recommended activity for Class 10th
 Data Sciences-
Impact Filter (Impact of rise in temperature on different species)
https://artsexperiments.withgoogle.com/impactfilter/
 Computer Vision-
Autodraw (It pairs machine learning with drawings from talented artists to help you draw stuff fast.)
https://www.autodraw.com/
 NLP-
Wordtune (AI writing tool that rewrites, rephrases, and rewords your writing)
https://www.wordtune.com/

Recommended Activity: The AI Game – for Class 9th

Learners to participate in three games based on different AI domains.
Game 1: Rock, Paper and Scissors (based on Data) https://next.rockpaperscissors.ai/
Game 2: Quick Draw (based on Computer Vision - CV) https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/
Game 3: Semantris (based on Natural Language Processing - NLP)
https://research.google.com/semantris/
PROS of AI / ADVANTAGES CONS of AI / DISADVANTAGES
High availability Lacks creativity
Work in risky situations Expensive
Can work 24 x 7 unlike humans Makes human lazy and tends to make human less
creative
Saves time and energy Might increase unemployment
Highly productive and efficient They can’t take decisions

AI POSSIBILITIES

Some Programming languages used in developing AI Systems:

 AI ETHICS: AI Bias and AI Access
AI ethics is a set of moral guidelines and methods meant to guide the creation and ethical application of artificial intelligence
technologies. Or it is a collection of principles that guide the development and use of artificial intelligence. In other words,
ethics means what is right and unethical means what is wrong.
AI ethics are classified into two categories:
1) AI Bias
When outcomes in AI cannot be broadly generalized, bias occurs. We frequently imagine bias as the product of preferences or
exclusions in training data, but bias can also be introduced through the methods used to collect data, the algorithms used to
process it, and the methods used to interpret the results of AI.
2) AI Access
Not everyone can use artificial intelligence because it is still a developing technology. People who can afford AI-enabled
technology benefit from it to the fullest, while those who cannot are left behind. Due to this, a gap between these two social
strata has developed, and it is becoming wider due to the rapid growth of technology.

Q) Why AI Ethics is important?

Ans) Ethical AI can help businesses run more efficiently, provide cleaner products, reduce negative environmental impacts,
improve public safety, and improve human health.

Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence

1. Cost to Innovation
2. Lack of quality data
3. Problems of Integrity
4. Lack of accuracy of data
5. Bias and discrimination
6. Reduction of human contact
7. Violation of fundamental human rights in supply chain
8. Negative impact on environment
9. Loss of human decision-making
Examples of ETHICAL concerns in Implementing AI
AI systems cannot exist without Data as they are the lifeline of the AI system. But, this data may cause serious privacy issues.
•For example, Google has its Android OS which comes with its pre-installed various Google Apps which gets installed in your
system/mobile. So, if you are using these apps and have provided the permission, then at a certain point of time Google has
the following information related to you viz.
• Contact List- Name and phone nos. of all your friends and family
• Location- Location of your house, friend’s place, school, office
or places you visit like mall, cinema hall etc.
• E-mail- Google knows every single mail written or received by
you.
• Hangout- Google knows every little secret you share with your
friends, family & your chats at hangout.
• Photos- All the images of you and your friends along with their names linked with the contact list.’
• Your search history, Internet browsing habit, phone using habit etc. & it monitors you 24x7
Though the information is collected in lieu of providing us with helpful services, but the potential risk still lies very high underneath.

Examples of Possible AI Bias in real-world data collection

The AI systems learns from the real world data whatever is fed into it.
If wrong data is given as Input then wrong data is given out as Output. GIGO: Garbage In Garbage Out

Example: Amazon, a big IT giant, developed an AI system for hiring software engineers
in 2014. Soon, Amazon found out that their AI system was biased against women and
was causing gender discrimination. This system was based on the number of resumes
submitted over the past 10 years and the candidates hired. Since most of the candidates
were men, the algorithm also favored men over women. Finally, Amazon was forced to
scrap the AI recruit system
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI), MACHINE LEARNING (ML), DEEP LEARNING (DL)

Note: Class 10th syllabus of 2024-25 has AI, ML and DL. Class 9th syllabus has introduced the concept of
Generative AI in 2024-25