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Introduction To Genetics

genetics

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13 views

Introduction To Genetics

genetics

Uploaded by

Bei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity, which is the passing of traits from
parents to offspring. It helps us understand how organisms inherit
characteristics, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to
certain diseases.

BK by Bodnar Krisztian
Importance of Genetics

1 Understanding 2 Developing New


Diseases Technologies
Genetics helps us Genetic engineering
understand the basis of allows us to modify
many diseases, aiding in organisms for various
the development of purposes, including
treatments and cures. producing medicines and
improving crop yields.

3 Personalized Medicine 4 Tracing Ancestry


Genetic testing can Analyzing DNA can reveal
identify individual risk our genetic history and
factors, leading to lineage, connecting us to
tailored medical care and our ancestors and
preventive measures. providing insights into
human migration
patterns.
DNA and Chromosomes
DNA Chromosomes

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the
the genetic instructions for building and maintaining an nucleus of every cell. They are made up of DNA and
organism. It is made up of two long strands that twist proteins. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set
around each other to form a double helix, like a spiral inherited from each parent.
staircase.
Genes and Alleles
Genes Alleles
Genes are segments of DNA Alleles are alternative forms
that contain instructions for of a gene. Each individual
specific traits. Each gene inherits two alleles for each
resides at a specific location gene, one from each parent.
on a chromosome. These alleles can be the
same or different.
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype The genetic makeup of an
individual, represented by the
combination of alleles for a
particular gene.

Phenotype The observable physical or


biochemical characteristics
of an individual, determined
by the genotype and
environmental influences.
Inheritance Patterns
Dominant Inheritance

1 One allele masks the expression of the other allele. For


example, brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.

Recessive Inheritance
Both alleles must be the same for the trait to be
2
expressed. For example, cystic fibrosis is a recessive
disorder.

Codominance
Both alleles are expressed equally. For example, AB
3
blood type is a result of codominance between the A
and B alleles.
Genetic Disorders

Single-Gene Disorders
Caused by mutations in a single gene, such as cystic fibrosis, sickle
cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.

Chromosomal Disorders
Result from abnormalities in chromosome structure or number, such
as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.

Multifactorial Disorders
Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such
as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Genetic Testing and Applications

Prenatal Testing
1
Screen for genetic disorders in fetuses during
pregnancy.
Carrier Testing
2
Determine if individuals carry a gene for a
specific disorder, even if they don't show
Predictive Testing
3 symptoms.
Estimate the risk of developing certain
diseases based on an individual's genetic
Forensic Science
makeup. 4
Use DNA analysis to identify individuals and
solve crimes.
Personalized Medicine
5
Tailor treatments and preventive measures
based on an individual's genetic profile.

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