EXERCISES [MAI 1.4-1.

5]
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)

SEQUENCES (IN GENERAL)

1. (a) u1  2 , S1  2 .
(b) u1  5 , S2  7 .
(c) S 5  2  5  10  3  7  27 .

2. (a) u 2  2 , u 20  20 .
(b) S 5  1  2  3  4  5  15 .
(c) u n  n .
3. (a) 10, 20, 30
(b) u10  100
(c) S1  10 , S 2  30 , S 3  60
4. (a) 10, 40, 90
(b) u10  1000
(c) S1  10 , S 2  40 , S 3  100
5. (a) 10, 100, 1000
(b) u10  10,000 ,000 ,000
(c) S1  10 , S 2  110 , S 3  1110
6. (a) 10, 20, 30
(b) S1  10 , S 2  30 , S 3  60
7. (a) 10, 30, 70
(b) S1  10 , S 2  40 , S 3  110
3
8. (a)  (2r )  2  4  6  12
r 1
3
(b) r
r 1
2
 1  4  9  14
3
(c) 2
r 1
r
 2  4  8  14

10 20
9. (a) A  
r 1
( 2r 2  1)  780 , B  ( 2r
r 1
2
 1)  5760 ,

20
C  ( 2r
r 11
2
 1)  4980

(b) A  C  B or C  BA

1
 ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
10. (a) u1  11 , d  4 .
101
(b) u101  11  100  4  411 , S101  (11  411)  21311
2
20
(c) S 20  ( 2  11  19  4)  980
2
(d) u n  11  ( n  1) 4  11  4 n  4  4 n  7

(e) u n  51  4 n  7  51  4 n  44  n  11

11. (a) 3, 6, 9
20
(b) (i) METHOD 1 By GDC  3n  630
n 1

20
METHOD 2 S 20 = 2  3  20 1 3 = 630
2
100
(ii) METHOD 1 By GDC  3n 14520
n  21

METHOD 2 AS with u1  3 , d  3 S100  S 20  15150  630 = 14520

METHOD 3 AS with u1  63 , d  3 S 80 = 14520

12. (a) u1 = 1, u2 = –1, u3 = –3

20
20
(b) By GDC  (3  2n) = –360
n 1
or by formula S20 =
2
(2 × 1 + 19 × –2) = –360

13. (a) u1 = 7, d = 2.5

u41 = u1 + (n – 1)d = 7 + (41 – 1)2.5= 107
n 101 101( 264)
(b) S101 = [2u1 + (n – 1)d] = [2(7) + (101 – 1)2.52] = = 13332
2 2 2
5
14. S5 = {2 + 32} = 85
2
15. (a) 8 = 2 + 2d  d = 3
(b) u20 = 2 + 193 = 59
20 20
(c) S20 = (2 + 59) = 610 or S20 = (2 × 2 + 19 × 3) = 610
2 2
35
16. u4 = 40  u1 + 3d = 40  d =
3
35 2 50
u2 = 5 + = 16 or or 16.7 (3 s.f.)
3 3 3
17. (a) d=3
u101 = 2 + 100  3 = 302
(b) un = 152  152 = 2 + (n  1)  3  n = 51

18. (a) d=6

(b) un = 1353  1353 = 3 + (n – 1)6  n = 226
226(3  1353)
(c) S226 = ,= 153 228 (accept 153 000)
2

2
19. (a) d = 2 (u1 = 7)
(b) (i) 5 + 2n = 115  n = 55
55
(ii) S55 = (7  115), = 3355 OR
2
55
S55 = ( 2(7)  54( 2)), = 3355 OR
2
55

 (5  2k ) = 3355
k 1

20. (a) u27 = u1 + 26 d  263 = u1 + 26 × 11  u1 = –23

(b) (i) 516 = –23 + (n – 1) × 11  n = 50
50(23  516)
(ii) S50 = = 12325 OR
2
50(2  (23)  49  11)
S 50  = 12325 (accept 12300)
2

21. un = 417  17 + (n – 1)10 = 417 n = 41 OR directly n = 41 (by observation)

41
S41 = (2(17) + 40(10)) = 8897 OR
2
41 41
S41 = (17 + 417) = (434) = 8897
2 2

22. (a) n = 51 , S 51  4182

51
(b)  (3r  4)  4182
r 1
(it is same sum!)

n n
23. (a) Sn = (2 × 2 +3(n – 1)) = (3n +1)
2 2
n – 91
(b) (3n + 1) = 1365  3n2 + n – 2730 = 0=> n = 30 or n = , hence n = 30
2 3
24. (a) u1  S1  7
(b) u2  S 2  u1  18  7  11
d  11  7  4
(c) u4 = u1+3d = 7+34 = 19 (OR directly 7, 11, 15, 19 so u4 = 19)

25. (a) d=8 (b) u11 = 75 (c) S11 =385 (d) n = 21

26. (a) u4 = ul + 3d or 16 = –2 +3d  d = 6

11998  2
(b) un = ul + (n – 1)d  11998 = –2 + (n – l)6  n =  1 = 2001
6
27. (a) u20 = u1 + 19d  64  7  19d ,  d = 3

(b) 3709 = 7 + 3(n – 1)  3709 = 3n + 4  n = 1235

3
28. (a) u1 +4d = 30 u1 +12d = 70
u1 = 10 d=5
(b) un = 5n+5
n
(c) Sn  (5n  15)
2
(d) u 20  105 and S 20  1150

29. (a) (i) –37 = u1 + 20d and –3 = u1 + 3d  d = –2 u1 = 3

10
(b) S10 = (23 +9 (–2)) = –60
2
20
30. (a) {2(–7) + 19d} = 620  d = 4
2
(b) u78 = –7 + 77(4) = 301

31. METHOD 1
40(u1  106)
substituting into formula for S40 1900 =  u1 = –11
2
substituting into formula for u40 106 = –11 + 39d  d = 3

METHOD 2
substituting into formula for S40 20(2u1 + 39d) = 1900
substituting into formula for u40 106 = u1 + 39d
Solve the system u1 = –11, d = 3

n
32. (a) u1 = 10 u2 = 15 (b) d = 5 (c) S 3  45 S 4  70 (d) S n  (5n  15)
2
33. (a) 23 (b) 99 (c) 1265

34. Arithmetic progression: 85, 78, 71, ...

u1 = 85, d = –7
un = 85 – 7(n – 1) = 92 – 7n un > 0  n  13.
13 13
S13 = (u1 + u13) = (85 + 1) = 559
2 2
35. u1  6 and d  7
n n
Sn  ( 2u1  ( n  1) d )  S n  (7 n  19)
2 2
Solving S n  10000  n > 54.8, The least number of terms is 55

36. (a) (2a + 4) – (a + 3) = (a + 9) – (2a + 4)  2a = 4  a = 2

(b) the terms are 5, 9, 11 which are indeed in AS with d = 2

4
 PROBLEMS
37. Arithmetic sequence d = 3
1250
n = 1250 S= (3 + 3750) = 2 345 625
2
38. Arithmetic sequence u1 = 200 d = 30
(a) Distance in final week = 200 + 51 × 30= 1730 m
52
(b) Total distance = [2.200 + 51.30] = 50180m
2
39. (a) AS with u1 =15 d = 2 n = 20
u20 = 15 + (20 –1) × 2 = 53 (that is, 53 seats in the 20th row)

(b) S20= 20 (15 + 53) = 680 (that is, 680 seats in total)
2
40. (a) u1 = 1000  un = 1000 + (n – 1)250 = 10 000  n = 37. She runs 10 km on the 37th day.
37
(b) S37 = (1000 + 10 000) She has run a total of 203.5 km
2
n
41. 81 = (1.5 + 7.5)  n = 18
2
6
1.5 + 17d = 7.5  d 
17
42. (a) T1 = 100 d = 25
T17 = 100 + (17 – 1)×25 = $500
17
(b) S17 = (100 + 500) = $5100
2
43. (a) 45000 + 4  1750 = 52000 USD
10
(b) (2(45000) + 9  (1750)) = 528750 USD (Accept 529000)
2
44. (a) 20 = u1 + 3d
32 = u1 + 7d
d = 3 (and u1 = 11)
10
(b) (2 × 11 + 9 × 3) = 245
2
45. 4th term = a + 3d
8th term = a + 7d
20th term = a + 19d
We have two relations:
a + 7d = 2(a + 3d)
a + 19d = 4000
The solution is d = 200 (and a = 200)
46. (a) u21 = 24 + 20  (16) = 344
31
(b) S31 = [2(24) + (31 – l)(16)] = 8184
2

5
B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

47. (a) u1 = 1, n = 20, u20 = 20 (u1 = 1, n = 20, d = 1)

S20 =
1  20 20 (or S 
20
2 1  19 1) = 210
2 2
(b) Let there be n cans in bottom row

Sn = 3240 
1 n n  3240 ,  n2 + n  6480 = 0  n = 80 or n = 81
2
So n = 80
(c) (i) S=
1  n  n  2S = n2 + n  n2 + n  2S = 0
2
(ii) METHOD 1
Substituting S = 2100: n2 + n  4200 = 0  n = 64.3, n = 65.3
n must be a (positive) integer, this equation does not have integer solutions.
METHOD 2
Trial and error: S64 = 2080, S65 = 2145 integer not possible here
48. (a) u1 =1 , d = 3 u11 = 31
n n n
(b) S n  ( 2  ( n  1)  3)  ( 2  3n  3)  (3n – 1).
2 2 2
100
(c ) (i) (3 × 100 – 1) = 14950
2
n
(d) (i) (3n – 1) = 477  3n2 – n = 954  3n2 – n – 954 = 0
2
(ii) 18
49. (a) (5k – 2) – (2k + 3) = (10k – 15) – (5k – 2)
 5k – 2 – 2k – 3 = 10k – 15 – 5k + 2
 3k – 5 = 5k – 13  –2k = –8 or 2k = 8
 k=4
OR
(2k + 3 + 10k – 15) ÷ 2 = 5k – 2
 2k + 3 + 10k – 15 = 10k – 4
 k=4
(b) 11, 18, 25 (A1)
(c) 7 (A1)
(d) U20 = 11 + 19  7 = 144
15
(e) S15  (2  11  14  7) = 900
2
50. (a) (i) 6, 9, 12
(ii) 3
(b) x2 – (x2 – 3) = 4x – x2  x2 – 4x2 + 3 = 0  x = 1 or x = 3
So the other value is 1.
(d) (i) -2, 1, 4
(ii) 3
(iii) -2 + 1 + 4 + 7 = 10