28/08/2018 Manual:IP/Firewall/Filter - MikroTik Wiki

Manual:IP/Firewall/Filter
From MikroTik Wiki
< Manual:IP | Firewall

Contents Applies
to
RouterOS: v3, v4+
1 Summary
2 Chains
3 Properties
4 Stats
5 Menu specific commands
6 Basic examples
6.1 Router protection
6.2 Customer protection
6.3 Brute force protection

Summary
Sub-menu: /ip firewall filter

The firewall implements packet filtering and thereby provides security functions that are used to manage data
flow to, from and through the router. Along with the Network Address Translation it serves as a tool for
preventing unauthorized access to directly attached networks and the router itself as well as a filter for outgoing
traffic.

Network firewalls keep outside threats away from sensitive data available inside the network. Whenever
different networks are joined together, there is always a threat that someone from outside of your network will
break into your LAN. Such break-ins may result in private data being stolen and distributed, valuable data
being altered or destroyed, or entire hard drives being erased. Firewalls are used as a means of preventing or
minimizing the security risks inherent in connecting to other networks. Properly configured firewall plays a key
role in efficient and secure network infrastrure deployment.

MikroTik RouterOS has very powerful firewall implementation with features including:

stateful packet inspection

Layer-7 protocol detection
peer-to-peer protocols filtering
traffic classification by:
source MAC address
IP addresses (network or list) and address types (broadcast, local, multicast, unicast)
port or port range
IP protocols
protocol options (ICMP type and code fields, TCP flags, IP options and MSS)
interface the packet arrived from or left through
internal flow and connection marks
DSCP byte
packet content
rate at which packets arrive and sequence numbers
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packet size
packet arrival time
and much more!

Chains
The firewall operates by means of firewall rules. Each rule consists of two parts - the matcher which matches
traffic flow against given conditions and the action which defines what to do with the matched packet.

Firewall filtering rules are grouped together in chains. It allows a packet to be matched against one common
criterion in one chain, and then passed over for processing against some other common criteria to another
chain. For example a packet should be matched against the IP address:port pair. Of course, it could be achieved
by adding as many rules with IP address:port match as required to the forward chain, but a better way could be
to add one rule that matches traffic from a particular IP address, e.g.: /ip firewall filter add src-
address=1.1.1.2/32 jump-target="mychain" and in case of successfull match passes control over the IP packet
to some other chain, id est mychain in this example. Then rules that perform matching against separate ports
can be added to mychain chain without specifying the IP addresses.

There are three predefined chains, which cannot be deleted:

input - used to process packets entering the router through one of the interfaces with the destination IP
address which is one of the router's addresses. Packets passing through the router are not processed
against the rules of the input chain
forward - used to process packets passing through the router
output - used to process packets originated from the router and leaving it through one of the interfaces.
Packets passing through the router are not processed against the rules of the output chain

Packet flow diagrams illustrate how packets are processed in RouterOS.

When processing a chain, rules are taken from the chain in the order they are listed there from top to bottom. If
a packet matches the criteria of the rule, then the specified action is performed on it, and no more rules are
processed in that chain (the exception is the passthrough action). If a packet has not matched any rule within
the built-in chain, then it is accepted.

Properties
Property Description
action (action name; Default: accept) Action to take if packet is matched by the rule:

accept - accept the packet. Packet is not passed to next

firewall rule.
add-dst-to-address-list - add destination address to
address list specified by address-list parameter
add-src-to-address-list - add source address to
address list specified by address-list parameter
drop - silently drop the packet
jump - jump to the user defined chain specified by the
value of jump-target parameter
log - add a message to the system log containing
following data: in-interface, out-interface, src-mac,
protocol, src-ip:port->dst-ip:port and length of the
packet. After packet is matched it is passed to next rule
in the list, similar as passthrough
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passthrough - if packet is matched by the rule, increase

counter and go to next rule (useful for statistics).
reject - drop the packet and send an ICMP reject
message
return - passes control back to the chain from where the
jump took place
tarpit - captures and holds TCP connections (replies
with SYN/ACK to the inbound TCP SYN packet)

address-list (string; Default: ) Name of the address list to be used. Applicable if action is add-
dst-to-address-list or add-src-to-address-list

address-list-timeout (time; Default: Time interval after which the address will be removed from the
00:00:00) address list specified by address-list parameter. Used in
conjunction with add-dst-to-address-list or add-src-to-
address-list actions
Value of 00:00:00 will leave the address in the address list
forever
chain (name; Default: ) Specifies to which chain rule will be added. If the input does not
match the name of an already defined chain, a new chain will be
created.
comment (string; Default: ) Descriptive comment for the rule.
connection-bytes (integer-integer; Matches packets only if a given amount of bytes has been
Default: ) transfered through the particular connection. 0 - means infinity,
for example connection-bytes=2000000-0 means that the rule
matches if more than 2MB has been transfered through the
relevant connection
connection-limit (integer,netmask; Matches connections per address or address block up to and
Default: ) including given value. Should be used together with connection-
state=new and/or with tcp-flags=syn because matcher is very
resource intensive.
connection-mark (no-mark | string; Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular
Default: ) connection mark. If no-mark is set, rule will match any
unmarked connection.
connection-nat-state (srcnat | dstnat; Can match connections that are srcnatted, dstnatted or both.
Default: ) Note that connection-state=related connections connection-nat-
state is determined by direction of the first packet. and if
connection tracking needs to use dst-nat to deliver this
connection to same hosts as main connection it will be in
connection-nat-state=dstnat even if there are no dst-nat rules at
all.
connection-rate (Integer 0..4294967295; Connection Rate is a firewall matcher that allow to capture
Default: ) traffic based on present speed of the connection. Read more >>
connection-state (estabilished | invalid | Interprets the connection tracking analysis data for a particular
new | related | untracked; Default: ) packet:

established - a packet which belongs to an existing

connection
invalid - a packet that does not have determined state in
connection tracking (ussualy - sevear out-of-order
packets, packets with wrong sequence/ack number, or in
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case of resource overusage on router), for this reason

invalid packet will not participate in NAT (as only
connection-state=new packets do), and will still contain
original source IP address when routed. We strongly
suggest to drop all connection-state=invalid packets in
firewall filter forward and input chains
new - the packet has started a new connection, or
otherwise associated with a connection which has not
seen packets in both directions.
related - a packet which is related to, but not part of an
existing connection, such as ICMP errors or a packet
which begins FTP data connection
untracked - packet which was set to bypass connection
tracking in firewall RAW tables.

connection-type (ftp | h323 | irc | pptp | Matches packets from related connections based on information
quake3 | sip | tftp; Default: ) from their connection tracking helpers. A relevant connection
helper must be enabled under /ip firewall service-port
content (string; Default: ) Match packets that contain specified text
dscp (integer: 0..63; Default: ) Matches DSCP IP header field.
dst-address (IP/netmask | IP range; Matches packets which destination is equal to specified IP or
Default: ) falls into specified IP range.
dst-address-list (name; Default: ) Matches destination address of a packet against user-defined
address list
dst-address-type (unicast | local | Matches destination address type:
broadcast | multicast; Default: )
unicast - IP address used for point to point transmission
local - if dst-address is assigned to one of router's
interfaces
broadcast - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
multicast - packet is forwarded to defined group of
devices

dst-limit (integer[/time],integer,dst- Matches packets until a given rate is exceeded. Rate is defined
address | dst-port | src-address[/time]; as packets per time interval. As opposed to the limit matcher,
Default: ) every flow has it's own limit. Flow is defined by mode
parameter. Parameters are written in following format:
count[/time],burst,mode[/expire].

count - packet count per time interval per flow to match

time - specifies the time interval in which the packet
count per flow cannot be exceeded (optional, 1s will be
used if not specified)
burst - initial number of packets per flow to match: this
number gets recharged by one every time/count, up to
this number
mode - this parameter specifies what unique fields
define flow (src-address, dst-address, src-and-dst-
address, dst-address-and-port, addresses-and-dst-port)
expire - specifies interval after which flow with no
packets will be allowed to be deleted (optional)
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dst-port (integer[-integer]: 0..65535; List of destination port numbers or port number ranges
Default: )
fragment (yes|no; Default: ) Matches fragmented packets. First (starting) fragment does not
count. If connection tracking is enabled there will be no
fragments as system automatically assembles every packet
hotspot (auth | from-client | http | local-
dst | to-client; Default: )
icmp-options (integer:integer; Default: ) Matches ICMP type:code fileds
in-bridge-port (name; Default: ) Actual interface the packet has entered the router, if incoming
interface is bridge. Works only if use-ip-firewall is enabled in
bridge settings.
in-bridge-port-list (name; Default: ) Set of interfaces defined in interface list. Works the same as
in-bridge-port

in-interface (name; Default: ) Interface the packet has entered the router
in-interface-list (name; Default: ) Set of interfaces defined in interface list. Works the same as
in-interface

ingress-priority (integer: 0..63; Default: Matches ingress priority of the packet. Priority may be derived
) from VLAN, WMM or MPLS EXP bit. Read more>>
ipsec-policy (in | out, ipsec | none; Matches the policy used by IpSec. Value is written in following
Default: ) format: direction, policy. Direction is Used to select whether
to match the policy used for decapsulation or the policy that will
be used for encapsulation.

in - valid in the PREROUTING, INPUT and FORWARD

chains
out - valid in the POSTROUTING, OUTPUT and
FORWARD chains

ipsec - matches if the packet is subject to IpSec

processing;
none - matches packet that is not subject to IpSec
processing (for example, IpSec transport packet).

For example, if router receives Ipsec encapsulated Gre packet,

then rule ipsec-policy=in,ipsec will match Gre packet, but rule
ipsec-policy=in,none will match ESP packet.

ipv4-options (any | loose-source-routing | Matches IPv4 header options.

no-record-route | no-router-alert | no-
source-routing | no-timestamp | none |
any - match packet with at least one of the ipv4 options
record-route | router-alert | strict-source- loose-source-routing - match packets with loose source
routing | timestamp; Default: )
routing option. This option is used to route the internet
datagram based on information supplied by the source
no-record-route - match packets with no record route
option. This option is used to route the internet datagram
based on information supplied by the source
no-router-alert - match packets with no router alter
option

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no-source-routing - match packets with no source

routing option
no-timestamp - match packets with no timestamp option
record-route - match packets with record route option
router-alert - match packets with router alter option
strict-source-routing - match packets with strict
source routing option
timestamp - match packets with timestamp

jump-target (name; Default: ) Name of the target chain to jump to. Applicable only if
action=jump

layer7-protocol (name; Default: ) Layer7 filter name defined in layer7 protocol menu.
limit (integer,time,integer; Default: ) Matches packets up to a limited rate (packet rate or bit rate).
Rule using this matcher will match until this limit is reached.
Parameters are written in following format:
count[/time],burst:mode.

count - packet or bit count per time interval to match

time - specifies the time interval in which the packet or
bit count cannot be exceeded (optional, 1s will be used if
not specified)
burst - initial number of packets or bits to match: this
number gets recharged every 10ms so burst should be at
least 1/100 of rate per second
mode - packet or bit mode

log-prefix (string; Default: ) Adds specified text at the beginning of every log message.
Applicable if action=log
nth (integer,integer; Default: ) Matches every nth packet. Read more >>
out-bridge-port (name; Default: ) Actual interface the packet is leaving the router, if outgoing
interface is bridge. Works only if use-ip-firewall is enabled in
bridge settings.
out-bridge-port-list (name; Default: ) Set of interfaces defined in interface list. Works the same as
out-bridge-port

out-interface (; Default: ) Interface the packet is leaving the router

out-interface-list (name; Default: ) Set of interfaces defined in interface list. Works the same as
out-interface

p2p (all-p2p | bit-torrent | blubster | Matches packets from various peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols.
direct-connect | edonkey | fasttrack | Does not work on encrypted p2p packets.
gnutella | soulseek | warez | winmx;
Default: )
packet-mark (no-mark | string; Default: ) Matches packets marked via mangle facility with particular
packet mark. If no-mark is set, rule will match any unmarked
packet.
packet-size (integer[-integer]:0..65535; Matches packets of specified size or size range in bytes.
Default: )
per-connection-classifier PCC matcher allows to divide traffic into equal streams with
(ValuesToHash:Denominator/Remainder; ability to keep packets with specific set of options in one
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Default: ) particular stream. Read more >>

port(integer[-integer]: 0..65535; Matches if any (source or destination) port matches the specified
Default: ) list of ports or port ranges. Applicable only if protocol is TCP
or UDP
priority (integer: 0..63; Default:)
protocol (name or protocol ID; Default: Matches particular IP protocol specified by protocol name or
tcp) number
psd (integer,time,integer,integer; Default: Attempts to detect TCP and UDP scans. Parameters are in
) following format WeightThreshold, DelayThreshold,
LopPortWeight, HighPortWeight

WeightThreshold - total weight of the latest TCP/UDP

packets with different destination ports coming from the
same host to be treated as port scan sequence
DelayThreshold - delay for the packets with different
destination ports coming from the same host to be
treated as possible port scan subsequence
LowPortWeight - weight of the packets with privileged
(<=1024) destination port
HighPortWeight - weight of the packet with non-
priviliged destination port

random (integer: 1..99; Default: ) Matches packets randomly with given probability.
reject-with (icmp-admin-prohibited | Specifies ICMP error to be sent back if packet is rejected.
icmp-net-prohibited | icmp-protocol- Applicable if action=reject
unreachable | icmp-host-prohibited |
icmp-network-unreachable | tcp-reset |
icmp-host-unreachable | icmp-port-
unreachable; Default: icmp-network-
unreachable)
routing-mark (string; Default: ) Matches packets marked by mangle facility with particular
routing mark
src-address (Ip/Netmaks, Ip range; Matches packets which source is equal to specified IP or falls
Default: ) into specified IP range.
src-address-list (name; Default: ) Matches source address of a packet against user-defined address
list
src-address-type (unicast | local |
broadcast | multicast; Default: ) Matches source address type:

unicast - IP address used for point to point transmission

local - if address is assigned to one of router's interfaces
broadcast - packet is sent to all devices in subnet
multicast - packet is forwarded to defined group of
devices

src-port (integer[-integer]: 0..65535; List of source ports and ranges of source ports. Applicable only
Default: ) if protocol is TCP or UDP.
src-mac-address (MAC address; Default: Matches source MAC address of the packet
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)
tcp-flags (ack | cwr | ece | fin | psh | rst | Matches specified TCP flags
syn | urg; Default: )
ack - acknowledging data
cwr - congestion window reduced
ece - ECN-echo flag (explicit congestion notification)
fin - close connection
psh - push function
rst - drop connection
syn - new connection
urg - urgent data

tcp-mss (integer: 0..65535; Default: ) Matches TCP MSS value of an IP packet

time(time-time,sat | fri | thu | wed | tue | Allows to create filter based on the packets' arrival time and date
mon | sun; Default: ) or, for locally generated packets, departure time and date
tls-host (string; Default: ) Allows to match https traffic based on TLS SNI hostname.
Accepts GLOB syntax (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob_(pro
gramming)) for wildcard matching. Note that matcher will not
be able to match hostname if TLS handshake frame is
fragmented into multiple TCP segments (packets).
ttl (integer: 0..255; Default: ) Matches packets TTL value

Stats
/ip firewall filter print stats will show additional read-only properties

Property Description
bytes (integer) Total amount of bytes matched by the rule
packets (integer) Total amount of packets matched by the rule

By default print is equivalent to print static and shows only static rules.

[admin@dzeltenais_burkaans] /ip firewall mangle> print stats

Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# CHAIN ACTION BYTES PACKETS
0 prerouting mark-routing 17478158 127631
1 prerouting mark-routing 782505 4506

To print also dynamic rules use print all.

[admin@dzeltenais_burkaans] /ip firewall mangle> print all stats

Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# CHAIN ACTION BYTES PACKETS
0 prerouting mark-routing 17478158 127631
1 prerouting mark-routing 782505 4506
2 D forward change-mss 0 0
3 D forward change-mss 0 0
4 D forward change-mss 0 0
5 D forward change-mss 129372 2031

Or to print only dynamic rules use print dynamic

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[admin@dzeltenais_burkaans] /ip firewall mangle> print stats dynamic

Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# CHAIN ACTION BYTES PACKETS
0 D forward change-mss 0 0
1 D forward change-mss 0 0
2 D forward change-mss 0 0
3 D forward change-mss 132444 2079

Menu specific commands

Property Description
reset-counters (id) Reset statistics counters for specified firewall rules.
reset-counters-all () Reset statistics counters for all firewall rules.

Basic examples
Router protection

Lets say our private network is 192.168.0.0/24 and public (WAN) interface is ether1. We will set up firewall to
allow connections to router itself only from our local network and drop the rest. Also we will allow ICMP
protocol on any interface so that anyone can ping your router from internet.

/ip firewall filter

add chain=input connection-state=invalid action=drop \
comment="Drop Invalid connections"
add chain=input connection-state=established action=accept \
comment="Allow Established connections"
add chain=input protocol=icmp action=accept \
comment="Allow ICMP"
add chain=input src-address=192.168.0.0/24 action=accept \
in-interface=!ether1
add chain=input action=drop comment="Drop everything else"

Customer protection

To protect the customer's network, we should check all traffic which goes through router and block unwanted.
For icmp, tcp, udp traffic we will create chains, where will be droped all unwanted packets:

/ip firewall filter

add chain=forward protocol=tcp connection-state=invalid \
action=drop comment="drop invalid connections"
add chain=forward connection-state=established action=accept \
comment="allow already established connections"
add chain=forward connection-state=related action=accept \
comment="allow related connections"

Block "bogon" IP addresses

add chain=forward src-address=0.0.0.0/8 action=drop

add chain=forward dst-address=0.0.0.0/8 action=drop
add chain=forward src-address=127.0.0.0/8 action=drop
add chain=forward dst-address=127.0.0.0/8 action=drop
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add chain=forward src-address=224.0.0.0/3 action=drop
add chain=forward dst-address=224.0.0.0/3 action=drop

Make jumps to new chains:

add chain=forward protocol=tcp action=jump jump-target=tcp

add chain=forward protocol=udp action=jump jump-target=udp
add chain=forward protocol=icmp action=jump jump-target=icmp

Create tcp chain and deny some tcp ports in it:

add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=69 action=drop \

comment="deny TFTP"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=111 action=drop \
comment="deny RPC portmapper"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=135 action=drop \
comment="deny RPC portmapper"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=137-139 action=drop \
comment="deny NBT"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=445 action=drop \
comment="deny cifs"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=2049 action=drop comment="deny NFS"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=12345-12346 action=drop comment="deny NetBus"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=20034 action=drop comment="deny NetBus"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=3133 action=drop comment="deny BackOriffice"
add chain=tcp protocol=tcp dst-port=67-68 action=drop comment="deny DHCP"

Deny udp ports in udp chain:

add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=69 action=drop comment="deny TFTP"

add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=111 action=drop comment="deny PRC portmapper"
add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=135 action=drop comment="deny PRC portmapper"
add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=137-139 action=drop comment="deny NBT"
add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=2049 action=drop comment="deny NFS"
add chain=udp protocol=udp dst-port=3133 action=drop comment="deny BackOriffice"

Allow only needed icmp codes in icmp chain:

add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=0:0 action=accept \

comment="echo reply"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=3:0 action=accept \
comment="net unreachable"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=3:1 action=accept \
comment="host unreachable"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=3:4 action=accept \
comment="host unreachable fragmentation required"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=4:0 action=accept \
comment="allow source quench"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=8:0 action=accept \
comment="allow echo request"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=11:0 action=accept \
comment="allow time exceed"
add chain=icmp protocol=icmp icmp-options=12:0 action=accept \
comment="allow parameter bad"
add chain=icmp action=drop comment="deny all other types"

other ICMP codes are found here (http://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters).

Brute force protection

Bruteforce_login_prevention_(FTP_&_SSH)

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This page was last edited on 19 January 2018, at 11:31.

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