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2 Classification of Matter Based On Composition

This is a PowerPoint presentation for the topic, "Classification of Matter Based on Composition." This can be used for chemistry classes.

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Carlo James Sablan
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8 views

2 Classification of Matter Based On Composition

This is a PowerPoint presentation for the topic, "Classification of Matter Based on Composition." This can be used for chemistry classes.

Uploaded by

Carlo James Sablan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Carlo James Q.

Sablan
Classification of
Matter Based on
Composition
Lesson Objectives:
1. Differentiate between pure substances
and mixtures.
2. Differentiate between elements and
compounds.
3. Differentiate between homogenous
and heterogenous mixtures.
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Classification of Matter
MATTER
yes Can it be physically
no
separated?

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes Is the composition no yes Can it be chemically no


uniform? decomposed?

Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Mixture Compound Element
Mixture
(solution)

Colloids Suspensions
Pure Substances
A pure substance is matter that has
distinct properties and a composition that
does not vary from sample to sample.
Water and table salt (sodium chloride) are
examples of pure substances. All
substances are either elements or
compounds.
Elements
Elements are substances that cannot be
decomposed into simpler substances. On the
molecular level, each element is composed of
only one kind of atom. Currently, 118
elements are known, though they vary widely
in abundance. Hydrogen constitutes about
74% of the mass in the Milky Way galaxy, and
helium constitutes 24%.
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Elements

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


Diatomic Elements
H2

N2 O2 F2

Cl2

Br2

F2
Compounds
Compounds are composed of two
or more elements, and they
contain two or more atoms. For
example, when hydrogen gas
burns in oxygen gas, the elements
hydrogen and oxygen combine to
form the compound water.
NaCl (Table Salt)
Compounds
Conversely,
water can be
decomposed
into its
elements by
passing an
electrical
current
through it.
Law of Definite Composition
• The observation that the elemental composition of a
compound is always the same is known as the law of
constant composition (or the law of definite proportions).
French chemist Joseph Louis Proust (1754–1826) first
stated the law in about 1800. A pure compound has the
same composition and properties under the same
conditions regardless of its source.
Law of Multiple Proportions
• Elements can combine in different ratios to form
different compounds.
For example:

Each of the two compounds has a definite composition.


Both elements and compounds have a definite makeup
and definite properties.

From the left: A, most elements consist of a large collection of identical atoms.
B, some elements occur as molecules. C, A molecule of a compound consists
of characteristic numbers of atoms of two or more elements chemically bound
together.
Molecule
A molecule is an independent structure
consisting of two or more atoms
chemically bound together. They are used
to represent compounds.
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances in which the substances retain their
distinct identities.

Homogenous Heterogenous
Solution
• homogeneous
• very small particles
• no Tyndall effect
• particles don’t settle

Tyndall Effect
Colloid
•heterogeneous
•medium-sized particles
•Tyndall effect
•particles don’t settle
Suspension
• heterogeneous
• large particles
• Tyndall effect
• particles settle
Uniform no
properties? Heterogeneous mixture

Fixed no
Solution
composition?
no Element
Chemically
decomposable?
yes Compound
Examples:
colloid
• mayonnaise
• muddy water suspension
• fog colloid
• saltwater
solution
• Italian salad
dressing suspension

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


Examples: element
• graphite
• pepper heterogenous mixture

• sugar (sucrose) compound

• paint
heterogenous mixture
• soda
homogenous mixture (solution)
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

hydrogen oxygen atoms


atoms hydrogen
atoms

(a) (b) (c) (d)


an element a compound a mixture a mixture
(hydrogen) (water) (hydrogen (hydrogen
and oxygen) and oxygen)
Mixture vs Compound
Different Alike Different

Variable Involve Fixed


Composition substances Composition

Topic Topic
No bonds Contain Bonds
between Mixture two or more Compound between
components elements components

Can be Can be Can ONLY be


separated by separated separated by
physical means into chemical means
elements
Exercise:
1. Calcium chloride, used to melt ice on roads,
consists of two elements, calcium and chlorine in a
fixed mass ratio.
2. Sulfur consists of sulfur atoms combined into
octoatomic molecules.
3. Baking powder, a leavening agent, contains 26% to
30% sodium hydrogen carbonate and 30% to 35%
calcium dihydrogen phosphate by mass.
4. Cytosine, a component of DNA, consists of H, C,
N, and O atoms bonded in a specific arrangement.
Quiz:
PART A
Directions: Classify the following as pure substances or
mixtures:
A. Table sugar
B. Table salt
C. Iodized salt
D. Brown sugar
E. Distilled water
F. Soft drinks
G. Oxygen gas (in tank)
H. Human breath
Quiz:
PART B
Directions: Classify the following as heterogenous or
homogenous mixture:
A. Rubbing alcohol
B. Mixture of water and oil
C. Mixture of salt and pepper
D. Carbonated soft drink
E. Human breath
Quiz:
PART C
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Fog is an example of _______.
A. Colloid
B. Compound
C. Substance
D. Solution
Quiz:
2. _______ is another name for a
homogenous mixture.
A. Colloid
B. Compound
C. Substance
D. Solution
Quiz:
3. A ______ is NOT a mixture.
A. Colloid
B. Compound
C. Substance
D. Solution
Quiz:
4. The scattering of light by colloids is
called _______.
A. Air pollution
B. Hawthorne Effect
C. Brownian Motion
D. Tyndall Effect
Quiz:
5. ______ is NOT a homogenous
mixture.
A. Paint
B. Soy sauce
C. Vinegar
D. Gelatin

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