Place Value, Multiplication,

and Expressions
Check your understanding of important skills.

Name

→ Place Value Write the value of each digit for the given number.
1. 2,904 2. 6,423

2 __ 6 __
9 __ 4 __
0 __ 2 __
4 __ 3 __

→ Regroup Through Thousands Regroup. Write the missing numbers.

3. 40 tens 5 _ hundreds 4. 60 hundreds 5 _ thousands
5. _ tens 15 ones 5 6 tens 5 ones 6. 18 tens 20 ones 5 _ hundreds

→ Missing Factors Find the missing factor.

7. 43 _ 5 24 8. 63 _ 5 48 9. _ 3 9 5 63

WITH
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

TM

Clues
• This 7-digit number is 8,920,000 when rounded to
Be a Math Detective and the nearest ten thousand.
use the clues at the right • The digits in the tens and hundreds places are the
to find the 7-digit number. least and same value.
What is the number? • The value of the thousands digit is double that of
the ten thousands digit.
• The sum of all its digits is 24.

GO Assessment Options: Soar to Success Math Chapter 1 3

Online
 Vocabulary Builder
→ Visualize It
Sort the review words into the Venn diagram. Review Words

estimate
factor
multiply
place value
product
quotient

Preview Words

base
Distributive Property
evaluate
Multiplication Division exponent
inverse operations

→ Understand Vocabulary numerical expression

Write the preview words that answer the question “What am I?” order of operations
period
1. I am a group of 3 digits separated by commas in a multidigit

number. ____
2. I am a mathematical phrase that has numbers and operation signs

but no equal sign. ____

3. I am operations that undo each other, like multiplication and division.

____ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. I am the property that states that multiplying a sum by a

number is the same as multiplying each addend in the
sum by the number and then adding the products.

____

5. I am a number that tells how many times the base is used

as a factor. ____

4
GO • eStudent Edition • Multimedia eGlossary
Online
 Lesson 1.1
Name
Place Value and Patterns
Essential Question How can you describe the relationship between two
place-value positions?

Investigate
Investigate
Materials base-ten blocks
n

You can use base-ten blocks to understand the relationships

among place-value positions. Use a large cube for 1,000, a
flat for 100, a long for 10, and a small cube for 1.

Number 1,000 100 10 1

Model

large small
Description flat long
cube cube

Complete the comparisons below to describe the

relationship from one place-value position to the
next place-value position.

A. • Look at the long and compare it to the small cube.

The long is _ times as much as the small cube.

• Look at the flat and compare it to the long.

The flat is _ times as much as the long.

• Look at the large cube and compare it to the flat.

The large cube is _ times as much as the flat.

B. • Look at the flat and compare it to the large cube.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The flat is _ of the large cube.

• Look at the long and compare it to the flat.

The long is _ of the flat.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

• Look at the small cube and compare it to the long. How many times as
much is the flat compared to the
small cube? the large cube to the
The small cube is _ of the long. small cube? Explain.

Chapter 1 5
Draw ConclusionsN
1. Describe the pattern you see when you move from a lesser
place-value position to the next greater place-value position.

2. Describe the pattern you see when you move from a greater
place-value position to the next lesser place-value position.

Make ConnectionsN
You can use your understanding of place-value patterns and a
place-value chart to write numbers that are 10 times as much as
or __
1 of any given number.
10

Hundred Ten One

Hundreds Tens Ones
Thousands Thousands Thousands
? 300 ?

10 times 1 of
__ is 10 times as much as 300.
as much as 10
__ is __
1 of 300.
10

Use the steps below to complete the table.

STEP 1 Write the given number in a

place-value chart.
10 times as 1 of
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Number
STEP 2 Use the place-value chart to write much as 10
a number that is 10 times as much 10
as the given number.
70
STEP 3 Use the place-value chart to write
a number that is __
1 of the given
10 9,000
number.

6
 Name

Share and Show

Complete the sentence.

1. 500 is 10 times as much as __. 2. 20,000 is __

1
10 of __.

3. 900 is __
1
10 of __. 4. 600 is 10 times as much as __.

Use place-value patterns to complete the table.

10 times as 1
__ 10 times as 1
__
Number of Number of
much as 10 much as 10

5. 10 9. 400

6. 3,000 10. 90

7. 800 11. 6,000

8. 50 12. 200

Complete the sentence with 100 or 1,000.

13. 200 is __ times as much as 2. 14. 4,000 is __ times as much as 4.

15. 700,000 is __ times as much 16. 600 is __ times as much as 6.

as 700.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

17. 50,000 is __ times as much 18. 30,000 is __ times as much as 30.

as 500.

19. Explain how you can use place-value patterns to

describe how 50 and 5,000 compare.

Chapter 1 • Lesson 1 7
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
Problem SolvingN
Sense or Nonsense?
300 is
20. Mark and Robyn used base-ten blocks to show that
100 times as much as 3. Whose model makes sense? Whose
model is nonsense? Explain your reasoning.

Mark’s Work Robyn’s Work

300 300

• Explain how you would help Mark understand why he should have
used small cubes instead of longs. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

8 Standards Practice Book, pp. P3–P4
 Lesson 1.2
Name
Place Value of Whole Numbers
Essential Question How do you read, write, and represent whole
numbers through hundred millions?

UNLOCK the Problem

The diameter of the sun is 1,392,000 kilometers.
To understand this distance, you need to understand
the place value of each digit in 1,392,000.

A place-value chart contains periods. A period is

a group of three digits separated by commas in a
multidigit number. The millions period is left of the
thousands period. One million is 1,000 thousands and
is written as 1,000,000.
Periods

MILLIONS THOUSANDS ONES

Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones
1, 3 9 2, 0 0 0
1 3 1,000,000 3 3 100,000 9 3 10,000 2 3 1,000 0 3 100 0 3 10 031
1,000,000 300,000 90,000 2,000 0 0 0

The place value of the digit 1 in 1,392,000 is millions. The

value of 1 in 1,392,000 is 1 3 1,000,000 5 1,000,000.
When writing a number in
expanded form, if no digits
Standard Form: 1,392,000 appear in a place value, it is
Word Form: one million, three hundred ninety-two thousand not necessary to include them
in the expression.
Expanded Form:
(1 3 1,000,000) 1 (3 3 100,000) 1 (9 3 10,000) 1 (2 3 1,000)

Try This! Use place value to read and write numbers.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Standard Form: 582,030

Word Form: five hundred eighty-two __ , __

Expanded Form: (5 3 100,000) 1 ( _ 3 _ ) 1 (2 3 1,000) 1 ( _ 3 _ )

• The average distance from Jupiter to the sun is four hundred

eighty-three million, six hundred thousand miles. Write the

number that shows this distance. __

Chapter 1 9
 Place-Value PatternsN
Canada’s land area is about 4,000,000 square miles.
Iceland has a land area of about 40,000 square miles.
Compare the two areas.

Example 1 Use a place-value chart.

STEP 1 Write the numbers in a place-value chart.

MILLIONS THOUSANDS ONES

Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones

STEP 2

Count the number of whole number place-value positions. The value of each place is
10 times as much as the value
of the next place to its right
4,000,000 has _ more whole number places than 40,000.
or __
1 of the value of the next
10
place to its left.
Think: 2 more places is 10 3 10, or 100.

4,000,000 is _ times as much as 40,000.

So, Canada’s estimated land area is _ times as much as

Iceland’s estimated land area.

You can use place-value patterns to rename a number.

Example 2 Use place-value patterns. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Rename 40,000 using other place values.

40,000 4 ten thousands 4 3 10,000

40,000 thousands 3 1,000

_ _

40,000 __ __

10
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Complete the place-value chart to find the value of each digit.

MILLIONS THOUSANDS ONES

Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones

7, 3 3 3, 8 2 0

7 3 1,000,000 3 3 _ 3 3 10,000 _ 3 1,000 8 3 100 _ 031

_ _ 30,000 3,000 _ 20 0

Write the value of the underlined digit.

2. 1,574,833 3. 598,102 4. 7,093,455 5. 301,256,878

Write the number in two other forms.

6. (8 3 100,000) 1 (4 3 1,000) 1 (6 3 1) 7. seven million, twenty thousand, thirty-two

On Your OwnN
Write the value of the underlined digit.

8. 849,567,043 9. 9,422,850 10. 96,283 11. 498,354,021

12. 791,350 13. 27,911,534 14. 105,980,774 15. 8,265,178

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Write the number in two other forms.

16. 345,000 17. 119,000,003

Chapter 1 • Lesson 2 11
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table for 18–19. Average Distance from the Sun
(in thousands of km)
18. Which planet is about 10 times as far as
Mercury 57,910 Jupiter 778,400
Earth is from the sun?
Venus 108,200 Saturn 1,427,000
Earth 149,600 Uranus 2,871,000
Mars 227,900 Neptune 4,498,000
19. Which planet is about __
1
10 of the distance
Uranus is from the Sun?

20. What’s the Error? Matt wrote

the number four million, three hundred
five thousand, seven hundred sixty-two as
4,350,762. Describe and correct his error.

21. Explain how you know

that the values of the digit 5 in the numbers
150,000 and 100,500 are not the same.

22. Test Prep In the number 869,653,214, © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

which describes how the digit 6 in the

ten-millions place compares to the digit 6
in the hundred-thousands place?

A 10 times as much as
B 100 times as much as
C 1,000 times as much as
D __
1
10 of

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

12 Standards Practice Book, pp. P5–P6
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.3
Properties
Essential Question How can you use properties of operations to solve
problems?

You can use the properties of operations to help you evaluate

numerical expressions more easily.

Properties of Addition
Commutative Property of Addition
If the order of addends changes, the sum stays the same. 12 1 7 5 7 1 12
Associative Property of Addition
If the grouping of addends changes, the sum stays the same. 5 1 (8 1 14) 5 (5 1 8) 1 14
Identity Property of Addition
The sum of any number and 0 is that number. 13 1 0 5 13

Properties of Multiplication
Commutative Property of Multiplication
If the order of factors changes, the product stays the same. 4395934
Associative Property of Multiplication
If the grouping of factors changes, the product stays the same. 11 3 (3 3 6) 5 (11 3 3) 3 6
Identity Property of Multiplication
The product of any number and 1 is that number. 43154

UNLOCK the Problem

The table shows the number of bones in several parts of Part Number of Bones
the human body. What is the total number of bones in
Ankle 7
the ribs, the skull, and the spine?
Ribs 24
To find the sum of addends using mental math, you can Skull 28
use the Commutative and Associative Properties. Spine 26

Use properties to find 24 1 28 1 26.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

24 1 28 1 26 5 28 1 _ 1 26 Use the ___ Property to reorder the addends.

5 28 1 (24 1 _ ) Use the ___ Property to group the addends.

5 28 1 _ Use mental math to add.

5 _
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why grouping

So, there are _ bones in the ribs, the skull, and the spine. 24 and 26 makes the problem
easier to solve.

Chapter 1 13
 Distributive Property
Multiplying a sum by a number is the 5 3 (7 1 9) 5 (5 3 7) 1 (5 3 9)
same as multiplying each addend by the
number and then adding the products.

The Distributive Property can also be used with multiplication and

subtraction. For example, 2 3 ( 10 2 8 ) 5 ( 2 3 10 ) 2 ( 2 3 8 ).

Example 1 Use the Distributive Property to find the product.

One Way Use addition.

8 3 59 5 8 3 ( _ 1 9) Use a multiple of 10 to write 59 as a sum.

5 ( _ 3 50) 1 (8 3 _ ) Use the Distributive Property.

5_1_ Use mental math to multiply.

5_ Use mental math to add.

Another Way Use subtraction.

8 3 59 5 8 3 ( _ 2 1) Use a multiple of 10 to write 59 as a difference.

5 ( _ 3 60) 2 (8 3 _ ) Use the Distributive Property.

5_2_ Use mental math to multiply.

5_ Use mental math to subtract.

Example 2 Complete the equation, and tell which property you used.
A 23 3 _ 5 23 B 47 3 15 5 15 3 _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Think: A number times 1 is equal to itself. Think: Changing the order of factors does not change
the product.

Property: ______ Property: ______

________ ________
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you could

find the product 3 3 299 by using
mental math.

14
 Name

Share and ShowN

1. Use properties to find 4 3 23 3 25.
23 3 _ 3 25 ___ Property of Multiplication

23 3 ( _ 3 _ ) ___ Property of Multiplication

23 3 _

_
Use properties to find the sum or product.
2. 89 1 27 1 11 3. 9 3 52 4. 107 1 0 1 39 1 13

Complete the equation, and tell which property you used.

5. 9 3 (30 1 7) 5 (9 3 _ ) 1 (9 3 7) 6. 0 1 _ 5 47

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Describe how you can

use properties to solve problems
more easily.

On Your OwnN
Practice: Copy and Solve Use properties to find the sum or product.
7. 3 3 78 8. 4 3 60 3 5 9. 21 1 25 1 39 1 5

Complete the equation, and tell which property you used.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. 11 1 (19 1 6) 5 (11 1 _ ) 1 6 11. 25 1 14 5 _ 1 25

12. Show how you can use the Distributive Property to rewrite
and find (32 3 6) 1 (32 3 4).

Chapter 1 • Lesson 3 15
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
13. Three friends’ meals at a restaurant cost $13,
$14, and $11. Use parentheses to write two
different expressions to show how much the
friends spent in all. Which property does your
pair of expressions demonstrate?

14. Jacob is designing an aquarium for a doctor’s

office. He plans to buy 6 red blond guppies,
1 blue neon guppy, and 1 yellow guppy. The
table shows the price list for the guppies. How
much will the guppies for the aquarium cost? Fancy Guppy Prices
Blue neon $11
Red blond $22
15. Sylvia bought 8 tickets to a concert. Each ticket Sunrise $18
costs $18. To find the total cost in dollars, she Yellow $19
added the product 8 3 10 to the product 8 3 8,
for a total of 144. Which property did Sylvia use?

16. Sense or Nonsense? Julie wrote

(15 2 6) 2 3 5 15 2 (6 2 3). Is Julie’s equation
sense or nonsense? Do you think the Associative
Property works for subtraction? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

17. Test Prep Canoes rent for $29 per day. Which
expression can be used to find the cost in dollars
of renting 6 canoes for a day?

A (6 1 20) 1 (6 1 9)
B (6 3 20) 1 (6 3 9)
C (6 1 20) 3 (6 1 9)
D (6 3 20) 3 (6 3 9)

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

16 Standards Practice Book, pp. P7–P8
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.4
Powers of 10 and Exponents
Essential Question How can you use an exponent to show powers of 10?

UNLOCK the Problem

Expressions with repeated factors, such as 10 3 10 3 10, can be
written by using a base with an exponent. The base is the number
that is used as the repeated factor. The exponent is the number
that tells how many times the base is used as a factor.
exponent
3
10 3 10 3 10 5 10 5 1,000

3 factors base

Word form: the third power of ten Use T for 1,000.

Exponent form: 103

Activity Use base-ten blocks.

Materials n base-ten blocks

What is 10 3 1,000 written with an exponent?

1 one 10 ones 100 ones 1,000 ones

1 1 3 10 1 3 10 3 10 1 3 10 3 10 3 10
100 101 102 103

• How many ones are in 1? _

• How many ones are in 10? _

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• How many tens are in 100? _

Think: 10 groups of 10 or 10 3 10

• How many hundreds are in 1,000? _

Think: 10 groups of 100 or 10 3 (10 3 10)

• How many thousands are in 10,000? _ 10,000 ones

1 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10
In the box at the right, draw a quick picture to show 10,000.
10
So, 10 3 1,000 is 10 .

Chapter 1 17
 Example Multiply a whole number by a power of ten.
Hummingbirds beat their wings very fast. The smaller the
hummingbird is, the faster its wings beat. The average
hummingbird beats its wings about 3 3 103 times a minute.
How many times a minute is that, written as a whole number?

Multiply 3 by powers of ten. Look for a pattern.

3 3 100 5 3 3 1 5 __

3 3 101 5 3 3 10 5 __

3 3 102 5 3 3 10 3 10 5 __

3 3 103 5 3 3 10 3 10 3 10 5 __ MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how using

So, the average hummingbird beats its wings about __ an exponent simplifies an
expression.
times a minute.

• What pattern do you see?

Share and ShowN

Write in exponent form and word form.

1. 10 3 10 2. 10 3 10 3 10 3 10

Exponent form: Exponent form:

Word form: Word form:

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Find the value.

3. 102 4. 4 3 102 5. 7 3 103

18
 Name

On Your OwnN
Write in exponent form and word form.

6. 10 3 10 3 10 7. 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10

exponent form: exponent form:

word form: word form:

Find the value.

8. 104 9. 2 3 103 10. 6 3 104

Complete the pattern.

11. 7 3 100 5 7 3 15 __ 12. 9 3 100 = __ = 9

7 3 101 5 7 3 10 5 __ 9 3 101 = __ = 90

7 3 102 5 7 3 100 5 __ 9 3 102 = __ = 900

7 3 103 5 7 3 1,000 5 __ 9 3 103 = __ = 9,000

7 3 104 5 7 3 10,000 5 __ 9 3 104 = __ = 90,000

13. 12 3 100 5 12 3 15 __ 14. 103 5 10 3 10n What is the value of n?

12 3 101 5 12 3 10 5 __ Think: 103 5 10 3 _ 3 _ ,

or 10 3 __
12 3 102 5 12 3 100 5 __
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The value of n is __ .
12 3 103 5 12 3 1,000 5 __

12 3 104 5 12 3 10,000 5 __

15. Explain how to write 50,000 using exponents.

Chapter 1 • Lesson 4 19
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

16. Lake Superior is the largest of the Great
Lakes. It covers a surface area of about Lake
Superior
30,000 square miles. How can you show the
estimated area of Lake Superior as a whole
number multiplied by a power of ten? Lake
Huron Lake
2
A 3 3 10 sq mi 4
C 3 3 10 sq mi Ontario
Lake
Michigan
Lake
B 3 3 103 sq mi D 3 3 105 sq mi Erie

a. What are you asked to find?

b. How can you use a pattern to find the answer?

c. Write a pattern using the whole number 3 and powers of ten.

3 3 100 5 3 3 1 5 __

3 3 101 5 3 3 10 5 __

3 3 102 5 __ 5 __

3 3 103 5 __ 5 __

3 3 104 5 __ 5 __

d. Fill in the correct answer choice above.

17. The Earth’s diameter through the equator 18. The Earth’s circumference around the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

is about 8,000 miles. What is the Earth’s equator is about 25 3 103 miles. What is
estimated diameter written as a whole number the Earth’s estimated circumference written
multiplied by a power of ten? as a whole number?

A 8 3 101 miles A 250,000 miles

B 8 3 102 miles B 25,000 miles
C 8 3 103 miles C 2,500 miles
D 8 3 104 miles D 250 miles

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

20 Standards Practice Book, pp. P9–P10
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.5
Multiplication Patterns
Essential Question How can you use a basic fact and a pattern
to multiply by a 2-digit number?

UNLOCK the Problem

How close have you been to a bumblebee?

The actual length of a queen bumblebee is about

20 millimeters. The photograph shows part of a
bee under a microscope, at 10 times its actual size.
What would the length of the bee appear to be at a
magnification of 300 times its actual size?

Use a basic fact and a pattern.

Multiply. 300 3 20
3 3 2 5 6 ← basic fact

30 3 2 5 ( 3 3 2 ) 3 101 5 60

300 3 2 5 ( 3 3 2 ) 3 102 5 __ MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

What pattern do you

300 3 20 5 ( 3 3 2 ) 3 ( 100 3 10 ) 5 6 3 10 5 __
3 see in the number sentences and
the exponents?

So, the length of the bee would appear to be

about __ millimeters.

• What would the length of the bee shown in the photograph appear
to be if the microscope shows it at 10 times its actual size?

Example Use mental math and a pattern.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Multiply. 50 3 8,000

5 3 8 5 40 ← basic fact

5 3 80 5 ( 5 3 8 ) 3 101 5 400

5 3 800 5 ( 5 3 8 ) 3 102 5 __

50 3 800 5 ( 5 3 8 ) 3 ( 10 3 100 ) = 40 3 103 5 __

50 3 8,000 5 ( 5 3 8 ) 3 ( 10 3 1,000 ) 5 40 3 104 5 __

Chapter 1 21
Share and ShowN
Use mental math and a pattern to find the product.

1. 30 3 4,000 5 __
• What basic fact can you use to help you find 30 3 4,000? __

Use mental math to complete the pattern.

2. 13151 3. 7 3 8 5 56 4. 6355_

1 3 101 5 _ ( 7 3 8 ) 3 101 5 _ ( 6 3 5 ) 3 _ 5 300

1 3 102 5 _ ( 7 3 8 ) 3 102 5 _ ( 6 3 5 ) 3 _ 5 3,000

1 3 103 5 _ ( 7 3 8 ) 3 103 5 _ ( 6 3 5 ) 3 _ 5 30,000

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how to find

50 3 9,000 by using a basic fact
and pattern.

On Your OwnN
Use mental math to complete the pattern.

5. 9 3 5 5 45 6. 3 3 7 5 21 7. 5345_

( 9 3 5 ) 3 101 5 _ ( 3 3 7 ) 3 101 5 _ ( 5 3 4 ) 3 _ 5 200

( 9 3 5 ) 3 102 5 _ ( 3 3 7 ) 3 102 5 _ ( 5 3 4 ) 3 _ 5 2,000

( 9 3 5 ) 3 103 5 _ ( 3 3 7 ) 3 103 5 _ ( 5 3 4 ) 3 _ 5 20,000

8. 5375_ 9. 43258 10. 6 3 7 5 42

(5 3 7) 3 _ 5 350 ( 4 3 2 ) 3 102 5 _ ( 6 3 7 ) 3 102 5 _

(5 3 7) 3 _ 5 3,500 ( 4 3 2 ) 3 103 5 _ ( 6 3 7 ) 3 103 5 _
_ 5 35,000 ( 4 3 2 ) 3 104 5 _ ( 6 3 7 ) 3 104 5 _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
(5 3 7) 3

Use mental math and a pattern to find the product.

11. ( 6 3 6 ) 3 101 5 _ 12. ( 7 3 4 ) 3 103 5 _ 13. ( 9 3 8 ) 3 102 5 _

14. ( 4 3 3 ) 3 102 5 _ 15. ( 2 3 5 ) 3 103 5 _ 16. ( 2 3 8 ) 3 102 5 _

17. ( 6 3 5 ) 3 103 5 _ 18. ( 8 3 8 ) 3 104 5 _ 19. ( 7 3 8 ) 3 104 5 _

22
 Name

Use mental math to complete the table.

20. 1 roll 5 50 dimes Think: 50 dimes per roll 3 20 rolls 5 ( 5 3 2 ) 3 ( 10 3 10 )

Rolls 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dimes 10 3 102

21. 1 roll 5 40 quarters Think: 40 quarters per roll 3 20 rolls 5 ( 4 3 2 ) 3 ( 10 3 10 )

Rolls 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Quarters 8 3 102

6 70 800 9,000

22. 80 64 3 103

23. 90 81 3 104

Arthropod Lengths
Problem Solving Length
Arthropod
(in millimeters)
Use the table for 24–26.
Cluster Fly 9
24. What if you magnified the image of a cluster
Crab Spider 5
fly by 9 3 103? What would the length appear
Fire Ant 4
to be?
Tree Hopper 6

25. If you magnified the image of a fire ant by

4 3 103 and a tree hopper by 3 3 103, which
insect would appear longer? How much longer?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

26. John wants to magnify the image of a

fire ant and a crab spider so they appear to be
the same length. How many times their actual
sizes would he need to magnify each image?

Chapter 1 • Lesson 5 23
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

27. What does the product of any 28. Test Prep How many zeros are in
whole-number factor multiplied by 100 always the product ( 5 3 4 ) 3 104?
have? Explain.
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6

← Single red
blood cell
Blood Cells
Blood is necessary for all human life. It
↑ Platelet
contains red blood cells and white blood
cells that nourish and cleanse the body, and
platelets that stop bleeding. The average White blood cell →
adult has about 5 liters of blood.

Use patterns and mental math to solve.

29. A human body has about 30 times as 30. Basophils and monocytes are types of
many platelets as white blood cells. A white blood cells. A blood sample has
small sample of blood has 8 3 103 white about 5 times as many monocytes as
blood cells. About how many platelets are basophils. If there are 60 basophils in
in the sample? the sample, about how many monocytes
are there?

31. Lymphocytes and eosinophils are types 32. An average person has 6 3 102
of white blood cells. A blood sample has times as many red bloods cells as white
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

about 10 times as many lymphocytes blood cells. A small sample of blood has
as eosinophils. If there are 2 3 102 7 3 103 white blood cells. About how
eosinophils in the sample, about how many red blood cells are in the sample?
many lymphocytes are there?

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

24 Standards Practice Book, pp. P11–P12
 Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint
→ Vocabulary
Choose the best term for the box.
Vocabulary

base
1. A group of three digits separated by commas in a multidigit
exponent
number is a __. (p. 9) period
2. An __ is the number that tells how many times a
base is used as a factor. (p. 17)

→ Concepts and Skills

Complete the sentence.

3. 7 is __
1
10 of
__. 4. 800 is 10 times as much as __.

Write the value of the underlined digit.

5. 6,581,678 6. 125,634 7. 34,634,803 8. 2,764,835

Complete the equation, and tell which property you used.

9. 8 3 (14 1 7) 5 __ 1 (8 3 7) 10. 7 1 (8 112) 5 __ 1 12

Find the value.

11. 103 12. 6 3 102 13. 4 3 104

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Use mental math and a pattern to find the product.

14. 70 3 300 5 __ 15. (3 3 4) 3 103 5 __

Chapter 1 25
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

16. DVDs are on sale for $24 each. Which expression can be used to find
the cost in dollars of buying 4 DVDs?
A (4 1 20) 1 (4 1 4)
B (4 3 20) 1 (4 3 4)
C (4 1 20) 3 (4 1 4)
D (4 3 20) 3 (4 3 4)

17. The Muffin Shop chain of bakeries sold 745,305 muffins last year.
Which choice shows that number in expanded form?
A (7 3 100,000) 1 (45 3 10,000) 1 (3 3 100) 1 (5 3 10)
B (7 3 100,000) 1 (4 3 10,000) 1 (5 3 1,000) 1 (5 3 10)
C (7 3 100,000) 1 (4 3 10,000) 1 (5 3 1,000) 1 (3 3 100) 1 (5 3 1)
D (7 3 100,000) 1 (4 3 10,000) 1 (3 3 100) 1 (5 3 1)

18. The soccer field at Mario’s school has an area of 6,000 square meters.
How can Mario show the area as a whole number multiplied by a
power of ten?
A 6 3 104 sq m
B 6 3 103 sq m
C 6 3 102 sq m
D 6 3 101 sq m

19. Ms. Alonzo ordered 4,000 markers for her store. Only __
1
10 of them arrived.
How many markers did she receive?
A 4
B 40
C 400
D 1,400
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20. Mark wrote the highest score he made on his new video game as the
product of 70 3 6,000. What was his score?
A 420
B 4,200
C 42,000
D 420,000

26
 Name
Lesson 1.6
Multiply by 1-Digit Numbers
Essential Question How do you multiply by 1-digit numbers?

UNLOCK the Problem

Each day an airline flies 9 commercial jets from New York to
London, England. Each plane holds 293 passengers. If every
seat is taken on all flights, how many people fly on this airline
from New York to London in 1 day?

Use place value and regrouping.

STEP 1 Estimate: 293 3 9

Think: 300 3 9 5 ___

STEP 2 Multiply the ones. ↑ The Queen’s Guard protects Britain’s

2 Royal Family and their residences.
29 3 9 3 3 ones 5 __ ones
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
3 9
__
7 Write the ones and the Explain how you
regrouped tens. record the 27 ones when you
multiply 3 by 9 in Step 2.
STEP 3 Multiply the tens.
82
2 93 9 3 9 tens 5 __ tens
__
3 9
37 Add the regrouped tens.

__ tens 1 2 tens 5 __ tens

Write the tens and the regrouped hundreds.

STEP 4 Multiply the hundreds.

82
2 93 9 3 2 hundreds 5 __ hundreds
3 9
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

__
2,637 Add the regrouped hundreds.

__ hundreds 1 8 hundreds 5 __ hundreds

Write the hundreds.

So, in 1 day, ___ passengers fly from New York to London.

• How can you tell if your answer is reasonable?

Chapter 1 27
 Example
A commercial airline makes several flights each week from New
York to Paris, France. If the airline serves 1,978 meals on its flights
each day, how many meals are served for the entire week?

To multiply a greater number by a 1-digit number,

repeat the process of multiplying and regrouping
until every place value is multiplied.
STEP 1 Estimate. 1,978 3 7

Think: 2,000 3 7 5 ___

STEP 2 Multiply the ones.

5 ↑ The Eiffel Tower in Paris,
1,978 7 3 8 ones 5 __ ones
France, built for the 1889
__
3 7
World’s Fair, was the world’s
6 Write the ones and the
regrouped tens. tallest man-made structure
for 40 years.
STEP 3 Multiply the tens.
55
1,978 7 3 7 tens 5 __ tens
__
3 7
46 Add the regrouped tens.

__ tens 1 5 tens 5 __ tens

Write the tens and the regrouped hundreds.

STEP 4 Multiply the hundreds.

6 55
1, 9 78 7 3 9 hundreds 5 __ hundreds
__
3 7
846 Add the regrouped hundreds.

__ hundreds 1 5 hundreds 5 __ hundreds

Write the hundreds and the regrouped thousands.

STEP 5 Multiply the thousands.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

6 55
1, 9 78 7 3 1 thousand 5 __ thousands
__
3 7
13,846 Add the regrouped thousands.

__ thousands 1 6 thousands 5 __ thousands

Write the thousands. Compare your answer to the

estimate to see if it is reasonable.

So, in 1 week, ___ meals are served on flights

from New York to Paris.

28
 Name

Share and ShowN

Complete to find the product.

1. 6 3 796 Estimate: 6 3 ___ 5 ___

3 53
7 96 Multiply the ones 7 96 Multiply the 7 96 Multiply the
3 6 and regroup. 3 6 tens and add the 3 6 hundreds and add
__ __ regrouped tens.
__ the regrouped
6 Regroup. 76 hundreds.

Estimate. Then find the product.

2. Estimate: ___ 3. Estimate: ___ 4. Estimate: ___

608 556 1,925

3 8
__ 3 4
__ __
3 7

On Your OwnN
Estimate. Then find the product.

5. Estimate: ___ 6. Estimate: ___ 7. Estimate: ___

794 822 3,102

3 3 3 6
__ __
3 5
__

Algebra Solve for the unknown number.

8. 396 9. 5,12 10. 8,5 6
× 6
__ ×
__ 8 ×
__ 7
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2,3 6 16 60,03

Practice: Copy and Solve Estimate. Then find the product.

11. 116 3 3 12. 338 3 4 13. 6 3 219 14. 7 3 456

15. 5 3 1,012 16. 2,921 3 3 17. 8,813 3 4 18. 9 3 3,033

Chapter 1 • Lesson 6 29
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
What’s the Error?
19. The Plattsville Glee Club is sending 8 of its members to a singing
contest in Cincinnati, Ohio. The cost will be $588 per person. How
much will it cost for the entire group of 8 students to attend?

Both Brian and Jermaine solve the problem. Brian says the
answer is $40,074. Jermaine’s answer is $4,604.

Estimate the cost. A reasonable estimate is _ .

Although Jermaine’s answer seems reasonable, neither Brian nor Jermaine

solved the problem correctly. Find the errors in Brian’s and Jermaine’s work.
Then, solve the problem correctly.

Brian Jermaine Correct Answer

6 6 6

$ 5 8 8 $ 5 8 8
x 8 x 8
$ 4 0, 7 0 4 $ 4, 6 0 4

• What error did Brian make? Explain.

• What error did Jermaine make? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• How could you predict that Jermaine’s answer might be incorrect

using your estimate?

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

30 Standards Practice Book, pp. P13–P14
 Lesson 1.7
Name
Multiply by 2-Digit Numbers
Essential Question How do you multiply by 2-digit numbers?

UNLOCK the Problem

A tiger can eat as much as 40 pounds of food at a time but
it may go for several days without eating anything. Suppose
a Siberian tiger in the wild eats an average of 18 pounds of
food per day. How much food will the tiger eat in 28 days if
he eats that amount each day?

Use place value and regrouping.

STEP 1 Estimate: 28 3 18

Think: 30 3 20 5 __

STEP 2 Multiply by the ones.

28
_
3 18
28 3 8 ones 5 _ ones

STEP 3 Multiply by the tens.

28
3 18
_

28 3 1 ten 5 _ tens, or _ ones

STEP 4 Add the partial products.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

28 Use patterns of zeros to find the

3 18
_ product of multiples of 10.
28 3 8 3 3 4 5 12

28 3 10 3 3 40 5 120 30 3 40 5 1,200
1 3 3 400 5 1,200 300 3 40 5 12,000

So, on average, a Siberian tiger may eat __ pounds

of food in 28 days.

Chapter 1 31
 Example
A Siberian tiger sleeps as much as 18 hours a day, or
126 hours per week. About how many hours does a
tiger sleep in a year? There are 52 weeks in one year.

STEP 1 Estimate: 126 3 52

Think: 100 3 50 5 __

STEP 2 Multiply by the ones.

12 6
3 52
__
126 3 2 ones 5 __ ones

STEP 3 Multiply by the tens.

12 6
3 52
__

126 3 5 tens 5 __ tens, or __ ones

STEP 4 Add the partial products.

12 6
3 52
__
126 3 2

126 3 50
1

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Are there different

So, a Siberian tiger sleeps about __ hours numbers you could have used © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

in one year. in Step 1 to find an estimate

that is closer to the actual
answer? Explain.

• When you multiply 126 and 5 tens in Step 3, why does its product

have a zero in the ones place? Explain.

32
 Name

Share and ShowN

Complete to find the product.

1. 2.
6 4 5 7 1
x 4 3 x 3 8
← 64 3 _ ← 571 3 _
+ ← 64 3 _ + ← 571 3 _

Estimate. Then find the product.

3. Estimate: __ 4. Estimate: __ 5. Estimate: __

24 37 384
_
3 15 3 63
_ 3 45
__

On Your OwnN
Estimate. Then find the product.

6. Estimate: __ 7. Estimate: __ 8. Estimate: __

28 93 295
_
3 22 3 76
_ 3 51
__
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Estimate. Then find the product.

9. 54 3 31 10. 42 3 26 11. 38 3 64 12. 63 3 16

13. 204 3 41 14. 534 3 25 15. 722 3 39 16. 957 3 43

Chapter 1 • Lesson 7 33
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table for 17–20.

17. How much sleep does a jaguar get in

1 year?

18. In 1 year, how many more hours of sleep

does a giant armadillo get than a platypus?
Animal Sleep Amounts
Amount
Animal
(usual hours per week)
19. Owl monkeys sleep during the
Jaguar 77
day, waking about 15 minutes after sundown
to find food. At midnight, they rest for an hour Giant Armadillo 127
or two, then continue to feed until sunrise. Owl Monkey 119
They live about 27 years. How many hours of Platypus 98
sleep does an owl monkey that lives 27 years Three-Toed Sloth 101
get in its lifetime?

20. Three-toed sloths move very slowly, using as

little energy as possible. They sleep, eat, and
even give birth upside down. A baby sloth
may cling to its mother for as much as 36
weeks after being born. How much of that
time is the sloth asleep?

21. Test Prep A sloth’s maximum speed on the

ground is 15 feet in 1 minute. Even though it
would be unlikely for a sloth to stay in motion
for more than a few moments, how far would
a sloth travel in 45 minutes at that speed? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A 60 feet
B 270 feet
C 675 feet
D 6,750 feet

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

34 Standards Practice Book, pp. P15–P16
 Lesson 1.8
Name
Relate Multiplication to Division
Essential Question How is multiplication used to solve a division problem?

You can use the relationship between multiplication and

division to solve a division problem. Using the same numbers,
multiplication and division are opposite, or inverse operations.

3 3 8 5 24 24 4 3 5 8

factor factor product dividend divisor quotient

UNLOCK the Problem

Joel and 5 friends collected 126 marbles. They
shared the marbles equally. How many marbles • Underline the dividend.
will each person get? • What is the divisor? _

One Way Make an array.

• Outline a rectangular array on the grid to model
126 squares arranged in 6 rows of the same length.
Shade each row a different color.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• How many squares are shaded in each row? _

• Use the array to complete the multiplication

sentence. Then, use the multiplication sentence
to complete the division sentence.

6 3 _ 5 126 126 4 6 5 _

So, each of the 6 friends will get _ marbles.

Chapter 1 35
 Another Way Use the Distributive Property.
Divide. 52 4 4

You can use the Distributive Property and an area model to solve
division problems. Remember that the Distributive Property states
that multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each
addend in the sum by the number and then adding the products.

STEP 1

Write a related multiplication sentence for ?

the division problem.

Think: Use the divisor as a factor and the dividend as 4 52

the product. The quotient will be the unknown factor.

52 4 4 5 n
4 3 ? 5 52
4 3 n 5 52

STEP 2
? ?
Use the Distributive Property to break apart
the large area into smaller areas for partial
products that you know. 4 40 12
( 40 1 12 ) 5 52

(4 3 _ ) 1 (4 3 _ ) 5 52 (4 3 ?) 1 (4 3 ?) 5 52

STEP 3 STEP 4

Find the sum of the unknown factors of the Write the multiplication sentence with the
smaller areas. unknown factor that you found. Then, use the
multiplication sentence to find the quotient.
_1_5_
4 3 _ 5 52

52 4 4 5 _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• Explain how you can use the Distributive Property to find the
quotient of 96 4 8.

36
 Name

Share and Show

1. Brad has 72 toy cars that he puts into 4 equal groups. How many cars
does Brad have in each group? Use the array to show your answer.

4 3 _ 5 72 72 4 4 5 _

Use multiplication and the Distributive Property to find the quotient.

2. 108 4 6 5 _ 3. 84 4 6 5 _ 4. 184 4 8 5 _

____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how using

multiplication as the inverse
operation helps you solve a
division problem.

On Your Own
Use multiplication and the Distributive Property to find the quotient.

5. 60 4 4 5 _ 6. 144 4 6 5 _ 7. 252 4 9 5 _

____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Find each quotient. Then compare. Write ,, ., or 5.

8. 51 4 3 l 68 4 4 9. 252 4 6 l 135 4 3 10. 110 4 5 l 133 4 7

_ _ _ _ _ _

Chapter 1 • Lesson 8 37
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 11–13.
Bouncy Balls
11. A group of 6 friends share a bag of the Size Number in Bag
45-millimeter bouncy balls equally among
27 mm 180
them. How many does each friend get?
40 mm 80
45 mm 180
mm 5 millimeters
12. Mr. Henderson has 2 bouncy-ball
vending machines. He buys one bag of
the 27-millimeter balls and one bag of the
40-millimeter balls. He puts an equal number
of each in the 2 machines. How many
bouncy balls does he put in each machine?

13. Lindsey buys a bag of each size of bouncy

ball. She wants to put the same number of
each size of bouncy ball into 5 party-favor
bags. How many of each size of bouncy ball
will she put in a bag?

14. What’s the Error? Sandy writes (4 3 30) 1

(4 3 2) and says the quotient for 128 4 4 is
8. Is she correct? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. Test Prep Which of the following can be

used to find 150 4 6?

A (6 3 20) 1 (6 3 5)
B (6 3 10) 1 (6 3 5)

C (2 3 75) 1 (2 3 3)
D (6 3 15) 1 (6 3 5)

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

38 Standards Practice Book, pp. P17–P18
 PROBLEM SOLVING
Name
Lesson 1.9
Problem Solving • Multiplication and Division
Essential Question How can you use the strategy solve a simpler
problem to help you solve a division problem?

UNLOCK the Problem

Mark works at an animal shelter. To feed 9 dogs,
Mark empties eight 18-ounce cans of dog food into
a large bowl. If he divides the food equally among the
dogs, how many ounces of food will each dog get?

Use the graphic organizer below to help you solve

the problem.

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find?
• First, multiply to find the total number of
I need to find _________ ounces of dog food.

______________. 8 3 18 5 _

• To find the number of ounces each dog

What information do I need to use?
gets, I’ll need to divide.
I need to use the number of __ , the
144 4 _ 5 n
number of __ in each can, and the
• To find the quotient, I break 144 into two
number of dogs that need to be fed.
simpler numbers that are easier to divide.

How will I use the information? 144 4 9 5 n

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

I can __ to find the total number of (90 1 _) 4 9 5 n

ounces. Then I can solve a simpler problem to (_ 4 9) 1 (_ 4 9) 5 n

__ that total by 9.
_ 1 6 5_

So, each dog gets ounces of food.

Chapter 1 39
 Try Another Problem
Michelle is building shelves for her room. She has a plank
137 inches long that she wants to cut into 7 shelves of
equal length. The plank has jagged ends, so she will start
by cutting 2 inches off each end. How long will each shelf be?
137 inches

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find?

What information do I need to use?

How will I use the information?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, each shelf will be inches long. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how the

strategy you used helped you
solve the problem.

40
 Tips
Name UNLOCK the Problem
√ Underline what you need to find.
Share and ShowN √ Circle the numbers you need to use.

1. To make concrete mix, Monica pours 34 pounds

of cement, 68 pounds of sand, 14 pounds of small
pebbles, and 19 pounds of large pebbles into a large
wheelbarrow. If she pours the mixture into 9 equal-
size bags, how much will each bag weigh?

First, find the total weight of the mixture.

Then, divide the total by the number of bags. Break

the total into two simpler numbers to make the
division easier, if necessary.

Finally, find the quotient and solve the problem.

So, each bag will weigh _ pounds.

2. What if Monica pours the mixture into 5 equal-size

bags? How much will each bag weigh?

3. Taylor is building doghouses to sell. Each doghouse

requires 3 full sheets of plywood which Taylor cuts
into new shapes. The plywood is shipped in bundles
of 14 full sheets. How many doghouses can Taylor
make from 12 bundles of plywood?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4. Eileen is planting a garden. She has seeds for

60 tomato plants, 55 sweet corn plants, and
21 cucumber plants. She plants them in 8 rows,
with the same number of plants in each row. How
many seeds are planted in each row?

Chapter 1 • Lesson 9 41
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
5. Starting on day 1 with 1 jumping jack, Keith doubles the
number of jumping jacks he does every day. How many
jumping jacks will Keith do on day 10?

6. Starting in the blue square, in how many

different ways can you draw a line that passes through
every square without picking up your pencil or crossing
a line you’ve already drawn? Show the ways.

7. On April 11, Millie bought a lawn mower with a 50-day

guarantee. If the guarantee begins on the date of purchase,
what is the first day on which the mower will no longer
be guaranteed?

8. A classroom bulletin board is 7 feet by 4 feet.

If there is a picture of a student every 6 inches along the
edge, including one in each corner, how many pictures
are on the bulletin board?

9. Dave wants to make a stone walkway. The rectangular

walkway is 4 feet wide and 12 feet long. Each 2 foot by
2 foot stone covers an area of 4 square feet. How many © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

stones will Dave need to make his walkway?

10. Test Prep Dee has 112 minutes of recording time. How
many 4-minute songs can she record?

A 28 C 18

B 27 D 17

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

42 Standards Practice Book, pp. P19–P20
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.10
Numerical Expressions
Essential Question How can you use a numerical expression
to describe a situation?

UNLOCK the Problem

A numerical expression is a mathematical phrase that has
numbers and operation signs but does not have an equal sign.

Tyler caught 15 small bass, and his dad caught 12 small bass
in the Memorial Bass Tourney in Tidioute, PA. Write a numerical
expression to represent how many fish they caught in all.

Choose which operation to use.

You need to join groups of different sizes, so use addition.

15 small bass plus 12 small bass
↓ ↓ ↓
15 1 12

So, 15 1 12 represents how many fish they caught in all.

Example 1 Write an expression to match the words.

A Addition B Subtraction
Emma has 11 fish in her Lucia has 128 stamps. She uses
aquarium. She buys 4 more fish. 38 stamps on party invitations.
fish plus more fish stamps minus stamps used
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
11 1 4 128 2 _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

C Multiplication D Division
Karla buys 5 books. Four players share 52 cards
Each book costs $3. equally.
books multiplied cost per cards divided players
by book by
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
_ 3 _ _ 4 _
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Describe what each

expression represents.

Chapter 1 43
Expressions with Parentheses The meaning of the words in a
problem will tell you where to place the parentheses in an expression.

Example 2 Which expression matches

• Underline the events for each day.
the meaning of the words?
• Circle the number of days these
Doug went fishing for 3 days. Each day he put $15 in his pocket. events happened.
At the end of each day, he had $5 left. How much money did
Doug spend by the end of the trip?

Think: Each day he took $15 and had $5 left. He did this for 3 days.
($15 2 $5) ← Think: What expression can you 3 3 ($15 2 $5) ← Think: What expression can you
write to show how much money write to show how much money
Doug spends in one day? Doug spends in three days?

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how the expression

of what Doug spent in three days
compares to the expression of what he
spent in one day?
Example 3 Which problem matches
the expression $20 2 ($12 1 $3)?

Kim has $20 to spend for her fishing trip. She Kim has $20 to spend for her fishing trip. She
spends $12 on a fishing pole. Then she finds $3. spends $12 on a fishing pole and $3 on bait.
How much money does Kim have now? How much money does Kim have now?

List the events in order. List the events in order.

First: Kim has $20. First: Kim has $20.

Next: _____. Next: _____.

Then: _____. Then: _____.
Do these words Do these words
match the expression? __ match the expression? __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share and Show

Circle the expression that matches the words.
1. Teri had 18 worms. She gave 4 worms to 2. Rick had $8. He then worked 4 hours for
Susie and 3 worms to Jamie. $5 each hour.

(18 2 4) 1 3 18 2 (4 1 3) $8 1 (4 3 $5) ($8 1 4) 3 $5

44
 Name

Write an expression to match the words.

3. Greg drives 26 miles on Monday and 4. Lynda has 27 fewer fish than Jack.
90 miles on Tuesday. Jack has 80 fish.

Write words to match the expression.

5. 34 2 17 6. 6 3 (12 2 4)

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Is 4 3 8 5 32 an
expression? Explain why or why not.

On Your OwnN
Write an expression to match the words.
7. José shared 12 party favors equally among 8. Braden has 14 baseball cards. He finds
6 friends. 5 more baseball cards.

9. Isabelle bought 12 bottles of water 10. Monique had $20. She spent $5 on lunch
at $2 each. and $10 at the bookstore.

Write words to match the expression.

11. 36 4 9 12. 35 2 (16 1 11)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Draw a line to match the expression with the words.

13. Fred catches 25 fish. Then he releases • • 3 3 (15 2 6)
10 fish and catches 8 more.
Nick has 25 pens. He gives 10 pens to • 15 2 6
•
one friend and 8 pens to another friend.

Jan catches 15 fish and lets 6 fish go. • 25 2 (10 1 8)

•
Libby catches 15 fish and lets 6 fish go
• • (25 2 10) 1 8
for three days in a row.

Chapter 1 • Lesson 10 45
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the rule and the table for 14.
Aquarium Fish
14. Write a numerical expression to represent the Length
Type of Fish (in inches)
total number of lemon tetras that could be in
a 20-gallon aquarium. Lemon Tetra 2
Strawberry Tetra 3
Giant Danio 5
15. Write a word problem for an
expression that is three times as great as Tiger Barb 3
(15 1 7). Then write the expression. Swordtail 5

↑ The rule for the number of fish in

an aquarium is to allow 1 gallon
of water for each inch of length.

16. What’s the Question? Lu has 3 swordtails in

her aquarium. She buys 2 more swordtails.

17. Tammy gives 45 stamps to her

9 friends. She shares them equally among
her friends. Write an expression to match
the words. How many stamps does each
friend get?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

18. Test Prep Josh has 3 fish in each of

5 buckets. Then he releases 4 fish.
Which expression matches the words?

A (3 3 4) 2 5
B (5 3 4) 2 3
C (5 3 3) 2 4
D (5 2 3) 3 4

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

46 Standards Practice Book, pp. P21–P22
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.11
Evaluate Numerical Expressions
Essential Question In what order must operations be evaluated to
find the solution to a problem?

CONNECTRemember that a numerical expression is

a mathematical phrase that uses only numbers
and operation symbols. Order of Operations
1. Perform operations in parentheses.
(5 2 2) 3 7 72 4 9 1 16 (24 2 15) 1 32 2. Multiply and divide from left to right.
3. Add and subtract from left to right.
To evaluate, or find the value of, a numerical expression
with more than one operation, you must follow rules called
the order of operations. The order of operations tells
you in what order you should evaluate an expression.

UNLOCK the Problem

A cake recipe calls for 4 cups of flour and 2 cups of sugar. To
triple the recipe, how many cups of flour and sugar are needed
in all?

Evaluate 3 3 4 1 3 3 2 to find the total number of cups.

A Heather did not follow the order of B Follow the order of operations
operations correctly. by multiplying first and then adding.

Heather Name______

3 x 4 + 3 x 2 First, I added. 3x4+3x2

3x7x2 Then, I multiplied.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

42

Explain why Heather’s answer is not correct. So, _ cups of flour and sugar
are needed.

Chapter 1 47
Evaluate Expressions with Parentheses To evaluate an expression
with parentheses, follow the order of operations. Perform the operations
in parentheses first. Multiply from left to right. Then add and subtract from
left to right.

Example
Each batch of cupcakes Lena makes uses 3 cups of flour, 1 cup
of milk, and 2 cups of sugar. Lena wants to make 5 batches of
cupcakes. How many cups of flour, milk, and sugar will she
need in all?

Write the expression. 5 3 (3 1 1 1 2)

First, perform the operations in parentheses. 5 3 (_)

Then multiply. _
So, Lena will use _ cups of flour, milk, and sugar in all.

• What if Lena makes 4 batches? Will this change the

numerical expression? Explain.

Try This! Rewrite the expression with parentheses to equal the given value.

A 6 1 12 3 8 2 3; value: 141
• Evaluate the expression • Use order of operations to check your work.
without the parentheses. __
6 1 12 3 8 2 3
• Try placing the parentheses in the
expression so the value is 141.

Think: Will the placement of the parentheses

increase or decrease the value of the expression?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 5 1 28 4 7 2 4; value: 11
• Evaluate the expression • Use order of operations to check your work.
without the parentheses. __
5 1 28 4 7 2 4
• Try placing the parentheses in the
expression so that the value is 11.

Think: Will the placement of the parentheses

increase or decrease the value of the expression?

48
 Name

Share and ShowN

Evaluate the numerical expression.

1. 10 1 36 4 9 2. 10 1 (25 2 10) 4 5 3. 9 2 (3 3 2) 1 8
Think: I need to divide first.

_ _ _
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Raina evaluated the

expression 5 3 2 1 2 by adding
first and then multiplying. Will
her answer be correct? Explain.

On Your Own
Evaluate the numerical expression.

4. (4 1 49) 2 4 3 10 5. 5 1 17 2 100 4 5 6. 36 2 (8 1 5) 7. 125 2 (68 1 7)

_ _ _ _

8. (4 3 6) 2 12 9. 3 3 (22 2 2) 10. 23 1 (16 2 7) 11. (25 2 4) 4 3

_ _ _ _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Rewrite the expression with parentheses to equal the given value.

12. 100 2 30 4 5 13. 12 1 17 2 3 3 2 14. 9154512

value: 14 value: 23 value: 2

___ ___ ___

Chapter 1 • Lesson 11 49
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

15. A movie theater has 4 groups of seats. The largest back
group of seats, in the middle, has 20 rows, with 20 seats
in each row. There are 2 smaller groups of seats on the
sides, each with 20 rows and 6 seats in each row. A group
of seats in the back has 5 rows, with 30 seats in each row.

side

side
middle
How many seats are in the movie theater?

a. What do you need to know?

b. What operation can you use to find the number of seats in the back

group of seats? Write the expression.

c. What operation can you use to find the number of seats in both groups
of side seats? Write the expression.

d. What operation can you use to find the number of seats in the middle
group? Write the expression.

e. Write an expression to represent the total f. How many seats are in the theater? Show
number of seats in the theater. the steps you use to solve the problem.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

16. Test Prep In the wild, an adult giant panda 17. Test Prep Which expression has
eats about 30 pounds of food each day. a value of 6?
Which expression shows how many pounds
of food 6 pandas eat in 3 days?

A 3 1 (30 3 6) A (6 4 3) 3 4 1 8
B 3 3 (30 3 6) B 27 2 9 4 3 3 ( 4 1 1)
C (30 3 6) 4 3 C (18 1 12) 3 6 2 4
D (30 3 6) 2 3 D 71 2 5 3 (9 1 4)

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

50 Standards Practice Book, pp. P23–P24
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 1.12
Grouping Symbols
Essential Question In what order must operations be evaluated to find a
solution when there are parentheses within parentheses?

UNLOCK the Problem

Mary’s weekly allowance is $8 and David’s weekly
allowance is $5. Every week they each spend $2 • Underline Mary’s weekly allowance and how
much she spends.
on lunch. Write a numerical expression to show
how many weeks it will take them together to save
• Circle David’s weekly allowance and how much
he spends.
enough money to buy a video game for $45.

Use parentheses and brackets to write an expression.

You can use parentheses and brackets to group

operations that go together. Operations in parentheses
and brackets are performed first.

STEP 1 Write an expression to represent how much

Mary and David save each week.

• How much money does Mary save each week? • How much money does David save each week?

Think: Each week Mary gets $8 and spends $2. Think: Each week David gets $5 and spends $2.

( __ ) ( __ )

• How much money do Mary and

David save together each week? _____

STEP 2 Write an expression to represent how many weeks it will take

Mary and David to save enough money for the video game.

• How many weeks will it take Mary and David to save enough for
a video game?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Think: I can use brackets to group operations a second time.

$45 is divided by the total amount of money saved each week.

__ 4 [ _____ ] MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why brackets

are placed around the part of the
expression that represents the
amount of money Mary and David
save each week.

Chapter 1 51
Evaluate Expressions with Grouping Symbols When evaluating
an expression with different grouping symbols (parentheses, brackets,
and braces), perform the operation in the innermost set of grouping
symbols first, evaluating the expression from the inside out.

Example
John gets $6 for his weekly allowance and spends $4 of it. His sister Tina
gets $7 for her weekly allowance and spends $3 of it. Their mother’s
birthday is in 4 weeks. If they spend the same amount each week, how
much money can they save together in that time to buy her a present?

• Write the expression using parentheses and brackets. 4 3 [($6 2 $4) 1 ($7 2 $3)]

• Perform the operations in the parentheses first. 4 3 [_ 1 _]

• Next perform the operations in the brackets. 43_

• Then multiply. _
So, John and Tina will be able to save __ for their mother’s
birthday present.

• What if only Tina saves any money? Will this change the
numerical expression? Explain.

Try This! Follow the order of operations.

A 4 3 {[(5 2 2) 3 3] 1 [(2 1 4) 3 2]}

• Perform the operations in the parentheses. 4 3 {[3 3 3] 1 [ _ 3 _ ]}

• Perform the operations in the brackets. 4 3 {9 1 _}

• Perform the operations in the braces. 43_

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• Multiply. _

B 32 4 {[(3 3 2) 1 7] 2 [(6 2 4) 1 7]}

• Perform the operations in the parentheses. 32 4 {[ _ 1 _ ] 2 [ _ 1 _ ]}

• Perform the operations in the brackets. 32 4 { _ 2 _ }

• Perform the operations in the braces. 32 4 _

• Divide. _
52
 Name

Share and ShowN

Evaluate the numerical expression.

1. 12 1 [(15 2 5) 1 (9 2 3)] 2. 5 3 [(26 2 4) 2 (4 1 6)] 3. 36 4 [(18 2 10) 2 (8 2 6)]

12 1 [10 1 _ ]
12 1 _

___ ___ ___

On Your OwnN
Evaluate the numerical expression.
4. 4 1 [(16 2 4) 1 (12 2 9)] 5. 24 2 [(10 2 7) 1 (16 2 9)] 6. 16 4 [(13 1 7) 2 (12 1 4)]

___ ___ ___

7. 5 3 [(7 2 2) 1 (10 2 8)] 8. [(17 1 8) 1 (29 2 12)] 4 6 9. [(6 3 7) 1 (3 3 4)] 2 28

___ ___ ___

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. 3 3 {[(12 2 8) 3 2] 1 [(112 9) 3 3]} 11. {[(3 3 4) 1 18] 1 [(6 3 7) 2 27]} 4 5

Chapter 1 • Lesson 12 53
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

12. Dan has a flower shop. Each day he displays 24 roses.
He gives away 10 and sells the rest. Each day he
displays 36 carnations. He gives away 12 and sells the
rest. What expression can you use to find out how many
roses and carnations Dan sells in a week?

a. What information are you given?

b. What are you being asked to do?

c. What expression shows how many roses Dan sells in one day?

d. What expression shows how many carnations Dan sells in one day?

e. Write an expression to represent the total number

of roses and carnations Dan sells in one day.

f. Write the expression that shows how many

roses and carnations Dan sells in a week.

13. Evaluate the expression to find out how many 14. Test Prep Which expression has a value © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

roses and carnations Dan sells in a week. of 4?

A [(4 3 5) 1 (9 1 7)] 1 9
B [(4 3 5) 1 (9 1 7)] 4 9
C [(4 3 5) 2 (9 1 7)] 3 9
D [(4 1 5) 1 (9 1 7)] 2 9

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

54 Standards Practice Book, pp. P25–P26
 Name

Chapter Review/Test
→ Vocabulary
Vocabulary
1. The ____ states that multiplying a sum
by a number is the same as multiplying each addend in the sum Distributive Property
by the number and then adding the products. (p.14) inverse operations

→ Concepts and Skills

Complete the sentence.

2. 7,000 is 10 times as much as __. 10 of __.

1
3. 50 is __

Complete the equation, and tell which property you used.

4. 4 3 (12 1 14) 5 __ 1 (4 3 14) 5. 45 1 16 5 __ 1 45

Find the value.

6. 102 7. 3 3 104 8. 8 3 103

Estimate. Then find the product.

9. Estimate: __ 10. Estimate: __ 11. Estimate: __

579 7,316 436
3
_ 6 3
__9 3
_ 32

Use multiplication and the Distributive Property to find the quotient.

12. 54 4 3 5 __ 13. 90 4 5 5 __ 14. 96 4 6 5 __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Evaluate the numerical expression.

15. 42 2 (9 1 6) 16. 15 1 (22 2 4) 4 6 17. 6 3 [(5 3 7) 2 (7 1 8)]

GO Assessment Options
Online Chapter Test
Chapter 1 55
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

18. Erica’s high score on her new video game is 30,000 points. Maria’s
high score is __
1
10 of Erica’s. How many points did Maria score?
A 30
B 300
C 3,000
D 30,000

19. Rich makes $35 a week mowing lawns in his neighborhood. Which
expression can be used to show how much money he makes in
8 weeks?
A (8 1 30) 1 (8 1 5)
B (8 3 30) 1 (8 3 5)
C (8 1 30) 3 (8 1 5)
D (8 3 30) 3 (8 3 5)

20. Mr. Rodriguez bought a supply of 20 reams of printer paper. Each

ream contains 500 sheets of paper. How many sheets of printer
paper are there?
A 1,000
B 5,000
C 10,000
D 100,000

21. Harvester ants are common in the southwestern United States. A

single harvester ant colony may have as many as 90,000 members.
What is that number written as a whole number multiplied by a
power of ten?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A 9 3 104
B 9 3 103
C 9 3 102
D 9 3 101

56
 Name

Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

22. Megan used the following expression to find the quotient of a

division problem.

(4 3 12) 1 (4 3 6)

What was the division problem and the quotient?

A 24 4 4 5 6
B 48 4 4 5 12
C 64 4 4 5 16
D 72 4 4 5 18

23. It is 1,325 feet from Kinsey’s house to her school. Kinsey walks to
school each morning and gets a ride home each afternoon.
How many feet does Kinsey walk to school in 5 days?
A 6,725 feet
B 6,625 feet
C 6,525 feet
D 5,625 feet

24. An adult elephant eats about 300 pounds of food each day.
Which expression shows about how many pounds of food a herd
of 12 elephants eats in 5 days?
A 5 1 (300 3 12)
B 5 3 (300 3 12)
C (300 3 12) 4 5
D (300 3 12) 2 5
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

25. Carla can type 265 characters a minute on her computer keyboard.
At that rate, how many characters can she type in 15 minutes?
A 2,975
B 3,875
C 3,905
D 3,975

Chapter 1 57
→ Constructed Response
26. Donavan copied the problem below from the board. He missed one
of the numbers needed to show his work. What number is missing
in his work? Explain how you found the missing number.

17 3 5 5 (n 1 7) 3 5

5 (n 3 5) 1 (7 3 5)

5 50 1 35

5 85

→ Performance Task
27. Drew’s weekly allowance is $8.00. His friend Jan’s weekly allowance
is $10. Drew spends $3 a week and Jan spends $4 a week.
A Write two expressions to show how much money each person has
at the end of the week. Use parentheses.

Drew has __ .

Jan has __ .

B Drew and Jan decide that they want to put their money together to
buy a video game. Write an expression that shows how much they
can save each week. Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

C The video game Drew and Jan want to buy costs $55. Write an
expression to show how many weeks it will take them to save
enough to buy the video game. Use parentheses and brackets in
your expression. Then evaluate the expression.

58